八年级英语上册 单词巧学妙记 第7组素材 人教新目标版

第7组signn. 标记；符号；痕迹【例句】There was still no sign of the restaurant. 那没有餐馆的牌子。【用法】no sign of意为“没有的迹象”。例如：They looked everywhere in the room, but there was no sign of a ball.他们在房间里找遍了，但没看见一个球。lostadj. 迷途的；丢失的beget lost 迷失（道路）【例句】Oh! Where am I? Im lost! 噢!我在哪儿呀?我迷路了！Its easy to get lost in a big city.在大城市里是很容易迷路的。【用法】lost是lose的过去分词，可以用作形容词，意为“丢失的；丧失的；迷途的；失败了的”。例如：A lost child is asking the policeman for help.一个迷路的孩子正向那位警察求助。be lost（get lostlose ones way）意为“迷路”。just then 正在那时 【例句】Just then, a policeman came up and asked if he could help. 正在这时，一个警察走了过来问她是否需要帮忙。first of all 首先；第一【例句】First of all tell us your name. 首先把你的名字告诉我们。First of all, let me tell you about my stories. 首先，让我告诉你们我的故事。【用法】first of all不同于at first。前者相当于above all，意为“高于一切；首先”；后者相当于at the beginning，意为：“起初”。mainadj. 主要的【例句】When they reached the main road当他们到达主路时Miss Bush works in the main office of this company. 布什小姐在这家公司的总办事处工作。【助记】main主要的rain雨train火车go wrong 走错路【例句】I cant understand how I went wrong. 我不知道自己怎么走错了。If you go wrong, Itll take you a long time. 如果你走错了路，要花你很长时间的。hitv.（hit, hitting）打；击中；撞【例句】A car may hit you. 汽车会撞到你的。The ship hit the bridge and stopped. 那船撞到桥上，停了下来。【用法】hit sb. in the faceeyes（打某人的脸眼）；hit sb. on the headnoseback（打某人的头鼻子背）。用介词in表示打在软部位或凹下部位；用介词on表示打在硬的部位或凸出的部位。A ball hit Jim on the head. 球打在了吉姆的头上。noisen. 嘈杂声；响声 make a noise 吵闹【例句】Stop making a noise! 停止吵闹！Dont make any noise. The baby is sleeping. 别弄出响声。孩子在睡觉。【助记】nose（鼻子）发出noise（响声）。【用法】noise意为“噪音；嘈杂声”，是不可数名词，但与a连用，可表示“一种响声”。例如：I heard a noise in the next room. 我听到隔壁房间有响声。make a noise（吵闹；喧哗）；make a lot of noise（大声吵闹；大声喧哗）disturbv. 妨碍；打扰【例句】If you make a lot of noise, you may disturb others.如果你大声吵闹，就会影响其他人。Im sorry to disturb you. 对不起，打扰你了。【助记】dis（apart,分开）turbdisturb（打扰）【用法】disturb的宾语可以是人，也可以是物。例如：What he did disturbed our plan. 他的做法打破了我们的计划。passengern. 乘客；旅客【例句】Many passengers are waiting for a bus. 许多乘客正在等候巴士。Do you know the passenger in red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的乘客吗？【助记】pass（路过）enger（常见表示“人”的名词后缀）passenger（乘客；旅客）get on 上（车）【例句】He is getting on a bus now. 他现在正在上车。The door opens and the old man gets on the bus first. 门开了，那个老年人先上了汽车。get off 下来；从下来【例句】When you get off the bus, you must buy a ticket. 你下车的时候，应该买车票。You can get off the bus when it stopped. 当车停稳了你在下车。【用法】get off意为“从下来”。get off the bus（train, boat）意为“下公交车（火车、船）”。(2)get off的反义词组是get on（登上）。pushv. 推；挤【例句】Dont push others! 不要推挤别人。He pushes the door open. 他把门推开了。stand in line 站（在）队（里）【例句】You must stand in line and wait for your turn. 你必须排着队等。The teacher keeps his students in line. 那位老师使他的学生规规矩矩。【用法】stand in line指站成一行，意为“站队”，其中in line意为“成一直线；有秩序”。turnn.（依次轮流的）顺序【例句】Its your turn now.现在轮到你了。Whose turn is it to tell a story？轮到谁讲故事了？necessaryadj. 必要的；必需的【例句】Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait? 你认为我们学会等候是否必要？Air and water are necessary for human life. 空气和水是生命必需的。waiting room 等候室；候诊（车、机）室【例句】This is a doctors waiting room in a hospital. 这是某医院一位医生的候诊室。Please wait for us at the waiting room. 请在候车室等我们。【用法】waiting room可根据不同的语境理解为“候诊室；候车室；侯机室”等。queuen.（按顺序等待的人、车等的）队；行列jumpern.跳跃者 queue jumper 不按次序排除的人【例句】The old woman thought he was a queue jumper. 老太太以为他是个插队的人。Theres a long queue outside the cinema. 电影院外面排着长队。patientn. 病人【例句】There were many patients in the doctors waiting room. 候诊室里有很多病人。“My patient is getting better，”said the doctor.医生说：“我的病人正逐渐痊愈。”【助记】parent（父母）patient（病人）【用法】patient意为“病人”，是指对医生而言的“病人”。而我们一般所说的“病人”是a sick man（一位病人）或the sick（病人）。at the head of 在的最前头【例句】At the head of the queue was an old woman. 在队列的前面有一个老太太。A young girl was at the head of the queue。一个小女孩站在队伍的前头。visitorn. 参观者；访问者【例句】She was a visitor. 她是一位游客。The visitor didnt understand what I said. 那位游客没有明白我的意思。【助记】visit（访问，参观）or（常见表示“人”的后缀）visitor（访问者）liven. 居住【例句】She didnt live in Manchester. 她不住在曼彻斯特。She lives about ten miles from my house. 他的住处离我家大约十英里远。【助记】live（居住）名词life的复数形式为liveskneen. 膝盖【例句】Her knees hurt badly. 她的膝盖疼得厉害。hurtv.（hurt, hurt） 使受伤；痛【例句】I am sorry if I hurt you.如果我伤害了你我很抱歉。Does your leg still hurt? 你的腿还疼吗？laugh at 嘲笑【例句】Dont laugh at your friends. 不要嘲笑你的朋友。He who laughs last laughs best. （谚语）谁笑在最后就笑得最好。mistaken. 错误【例句】Everyone laughed at the womans mistake. 所有的人都被老太太犯的错误逗笑了。I took your book by mistake.我错拿走了你的书。【助记】mis（表否定）+take（拿，拿走）错误地拿走mistake（犯错误）【用法】mistake可数名词，意为“错误”。by mistake是“错误地，由于误会地”。make a mistake或make mistakes意为“弄错，误解”。mistake sb. for sb.意为“错把当作”。例如：I mistook you for your brother.我把你当成你弟弟了。Manchestern. 曼彻斯特（英国西北部城市）【例句】Manchester is a large city of England. 曼彻斯特是英国的一个大城市。quietadj. 安静的；平静的 quietlyadv. 安静地；平静地【例句】You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 你在阅览室里时必须保持安静。Everything is quiet. 一切都很平静。【助记】quiet（adj. 平静的）lyquietly（平静地）reading room 阅览室【例句】There are four reading rooms in our school. 我们学校有四个阅览室。Please keep quiet in the reading room. 在阅览室里请保持安静。aloneadv. 独自；单独地【例句】If you dont want to go alone, Ill go with you. 如果你不想一个人去，我陪你去。He was alone, but he didnt feel lonely.他孤身一人，但不感到寂寞。【助记】a（在的状态）+lone（孤独的）alone（独自）【用法】alone既可作形容词也可作副词，意为“单独；独自”。该词一般不置于名词前作定语。alone与only都可以表示“只有；惟独”的意思，但alone应置于名词或代词后，而only可置于名词或代词前。例如：He alone was in the classroom.惟有他在教室里。 Only I can help you.只有我能帮你。alone与lonely不同。lonely意为“孤寂的；寂寞的；偏僻的”，可以作定语。例如： The old man lived alone in a lonely island.那位老太太孤身一人往在一个孤岛上。plasticadj. 塑料（的）【例句】I have a plastic cup. 我有一只塑料杯。This kind of plastic bag is made our factory. 这种塑料袋是我们厂生产的。【助记】plast（塑料）ic（常见形容词后缀）plastic（塑料袋）throw about 乱丢；抛散【例句】After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about. 你在使用完塑料袋后不能随地乱扔。You shouldnt throw your things about.你不应该把你的东西到处乱扔。【用法】throw意为“扔；掷”，about意思是“到处”，throw about是“动词十副词”结构，意思是“把乱扔”。后接代词作宾语时，要放在throw和about之间。Dont throw them out. 不要把它们乱丢。changev.变换；变更；改变【例句】Mr. Smile worked in Richmond, but then he changed his job. 斯迈尔先生在里士满工作。但不久他换了工作。Times are changing. 时代在改变。【助记】找个chance（机会）把情况change（改变）。【用法】chang所构成的短语：change sb. sth.（和某人换）；change ones mind（改变主意）；change over（改变）；change into（把变成）。have a good time 过得快乐【例句】They all had a good time, so they did not go home at 9:00. 他们都玩得很高兴，所以9点了都没回家。Look! The children are having a good time.瞧！那些孩子们玩得多开心。【用法】have a good time玩得高兴，过得愉快。同义短语为enjoy oneselffactn.事实；实际 in fact 实际上【例句】In fact, they were still there. 事实上，他们还在那儿。In fact, he is a clever boy. 实际上，他是个聪明的孩子。at midnight 在半夜【例句】The doorbell rang at midnight. 半夜门铃响了。He didnt go to bed at midnight last night. 昨天夜晚他到半夜没有睡觉。arrivev. 到达；抵达某地【例句】When the doorbell rang and a policeman arrived. 这时门铃响了，进来了一个警察。The train arrived at the station. 火车到站了。【用法】arrive at指到达较小的场所，如车站、村庄等；arrive in指到达较大的地方，如国家，大城市。例如：We arrived in London in the morning. 我们是早上到达伦敦的。telephonev. 打电话给（某人）【例句】Mom telephoned me to go shopping with her. 妈妈打电话给我叫我和她一起去购物。Please telephone me as soon as you arrive in New York. 请你一到纽约就给我打电话。【助记】tele（far off，前缀，从远处来的）phone(电话机) telephone【用法】“打电话给某人”，可以译作：phone sb.；call sb.(up)；ring sb.(up)；give sb. a call.；give sb. a ring.例如：Please give me a call as soon as you get there. 到达那里后给我打个电话。complainv. 抱怨；发牢骚【例句】Someone telephoned us to complain about it. 有人给我们打电话抱怨此事。I have nothing to complain of. 我没有什么可抱怨的。【助记】com（前缀，共同的）plain（简单的）complain（抱怨）【用法】complain意为“抱怨；申诉”，其后不能直接跟名词或不定式作宾语。表示“向某人报怨某事”常用complain（to sb.）ofabout sth. 例如：The old man is always complaining about something.那位老人总是为一些事情发牢骚。complain后还可以跟that从句。例如；She complained that he did not work hard. 她抱怨他工作不努力。quarrelv. 争吵 quarrel with （和某人）吵架【例句】Mr. Smile said he did not want to quarrel with the policeman. 斯迈尔先生说他不想跟警察争吵。Dont quarrel about it with her.别为这事和她争吵。【助记】quarter（四分之一）quarrel（吵架）surprisen. 惊奇；惊讶【例句】That was a surprise! 真奇怪!The news greatly surprised us. 这消息使我们大为吃惊。【助记】价钱（price）如此之高真是件惊奇（surprise）的事儿。【用法】surprise用作名词，意为“惊奇；令人惊异的事物”；surprise用作动词，意为“使惊奇；便感到意外”。例如：I have a surprise for you.我有一件你想不到的事告诉你。in surprise（吃惊地）； to ones surprise（令吃惊的是）。例如：“Who telephoned the police？”she asked in surprise.“谁给警察打的电话？”她吃惊地问道。To her surprise, her husband called me policeman.令她吃惊的是，她丈夫叫来了警察。policen .警察（局）【例句】Who telephoned the police?是谁给警察打的电话?Look! The police are coming. 看！警察来了。【用法】police常与the连用。the police意为“警察当局；警务人员”，相当于the policemen，在句子中作复数看，如果要表达“一位警察”，可以用a policeman。voicen. 说话声；嗓音【例句】“I did,”Mr. Smile answered in a tired voice. 斯迈尔先生精疲力尽地回答：“我打的。”Whats wrong with your voice？你的嗓子怎么啦？【用法】voice意为“说话声；嗓音”等。例如：He suddenly heard a voice from inside.突然他听到里面有说话声。in a voice意为“以声音（说）”，常常在句子中充当状语，修饰“说”等动作。例如：He speak in a low voice.他低声地说。enjoy oneself 过得快乐；玩得痛快【例句】Their friends enjoyed themselves at the party. 他们的朋友晚会上玩得很愉快。We enjoyed ourselves in the park last Sunday. 上星期天我们在公园里玩得很开心。themselvespron. 他们自己【例句】They never go out by themselves. 他们从来不自己出去。They are pleased with themselves. 他们怡然自乐。【助记】them（他们）selves（self, 自己）themselves（他们自己）carev. 介意；在乎；关心【例句】We dont care. 我们不介意。Would you care to come？你愿意来吗？【用法】动词care含义为“在乎；关心”，常用于否定句、疑问句。例如：He doesnt care about other people.他不在乎别人。短语care for表示“关心；照料”时，可用于肯定句。例如：We must care for each other.我们要互相关心。half-wayadv. 在途中；半路上【例句】On their way to the hospital they saw the first bus half-way up a hill. 在去医院的路上他们看到第一辆巴士停在了半山腰。【助记】half（一半）way（路途）half-way（半路上）troublen. 麻烦；烦恼【例句】Whats the trouble? 怎么了?Im sorry to give you trouble.对不起，给您添麻烦了。【助记】double记（双重的）带来trouble（麻烦）【用法】trouble作名词“毛病；麻烦”。trouble作动词时，意为“麻烦；打扰”。in trouble处于困境（苦恼）中。例如：The boy had an eye trouble. 那个男孩有眼疾。Hes in trouble.他很烦恼。headachen.头痛 have a headache（患）头痛【助记】head（头）ache（疼痛）headache（头疼）【例句】I have a headache. 我头疼。We havent found out a way to work out the headache yet. 我们还没有找到解决这个令人头疼问题的办法。coughv. 咳嗽 have a cough (患)咳嗽【例句】I have a headache and a cough. 我头疼并且咳嗽。He was troubled with a cough for months. 他被咳嗽困扰了几个月。terribleadj. 可怕的；感到极不舒服的【例句】What a terrible cough! 咳嗽得多厉害呀!The weather is terrible. 天气很不好。【助记】terr（使惊吓）ible（常见形容词后缀）terrible（可怕的）seriousadj. 严重的；严肃的【例句】Nothing serious. 没什么严重的。Is there anything serous? 问题严重吗？painn. 疼痛；疼【例句】This morning I had a pain in my head. 今天早晨我开始头疼。It gave him much pain to learn of the sad news. 他听到这个不幸的消息十分痛苦。【用法】pain疼痛；疼，它的同义词是ache。pain指肉体上或精神上的痛苦，可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。ache指身体上持续不断的疼痛，可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词用，常与身体部位名称构成合成词。两者都可作动词用。dreamv.（dreamed or dreamt, dreaming）做梦；向往n. 梦；梦想【例句】Do you often have dreams? 你经常做梦吗？Hes awake from a dream.他从梦中醒来。【用法】dream动词，意思为“做梦，向往”。其过去式为dreamed或dreamt。常用结构是：dream about名词代词，意思是“梦见”。例如：I often dreamed about him at that time.那时我经常梦见他。dream of名词代词doing sth.意思为“梦见；做梦想要做某事”。例如：The soldier often dreamt of going home.这士兵经常梦到回家。Dream作名词时，意思为“梦，梦想”。例如：dream land梦乡，dram world梦境 worstadj. 最坏的；最恶劣的【例句】Do you remember your worst dream? 你记得最坏的梦吗？He plays tennis worst. 他网球打得最差。【助记】badbadlyillworse（比较级）worst（最高级）wakev. （woke 或 waked, woken, waking）（使）醒来wake up 醒来；唤醒【例句】I am always tired when I wake up in the morning. 早晨我醒来的时候总觉得很累。Please wake her up at six in the morning.请于早晨六点把她叫醒。【用法】wake动词，意思为“醒来，叫醒”。可以和up连用。其过去式为woke，形容词为awake。例如：It was still dark when I woke up.我醒来时，天还没亮。as soon as 一就【例句】As soon as I get back home, the doorbell rang. 我一回到家，门铃就响了。Write to me as soon as you get to London. 请你一到伦敦就给我写信。【用法】as soon as常用作时间状语的引导词，表明主句里进行的动作与从句里进行的动作联系得非常紧密。该从句中，常用现在时表示将来。例如：As soon as he comes back, Ill ask him to call you.他一回来，我就叫他给你打电话。asleepadj. 睡着的；熟睡的 fall asleep睡觉；入睡【例句】Last night, as soon as I fell asleep I dreamt that I went to the garden. 昨天晚上，我刚睡着就梦见自己去了花园。He fell asleep.他很快就睡着了。【助记】a（在状态）sleep（睡觉） asleep（在睡觉的状态）【用法】fall asleep入睡。同义词组为get to sleep或go to sleep。asleep形容词（作表语），“睡着”，反义词为awake，“醒着”。例如：She was asleep.她睡着了。plantv. 种植n. 植物【例句】I dreamt that I was busy planting trees all night long! 我梦见自己整晚上都在忙着种树。Do all plants need water and sunshine? 所有的植物都需要水和阳光。stormn. 暴风雨【例句】There was a terrible storm. 那会正是可怕的暴风雨。The radio says there will be a storm tonight. 收音机里说今晚有暴风雨。stopfrom 阻止做【例句】We had to work for hours to stop the ship from going down. 我们不得不连续工作好几个小时以防止轮船下沉。Please stop him cleaning the tree.请阻止他爬树。【用法】stopfrom doing sth.阻止做某事，其中的from可以省略。同义句型为：keep from doing sth. 例如：She couldnt stop herself from talking.她情不自禁地说个没完。difficultadj. 困难的；难的【例句】In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs to do. 在梦中我总是有很艰苦的工作要做。All things are difficult to begin. 万事开头难。【用法】difficult一般指需要经过思考才能完成；hard则指需要花费大量的劳动、气力和时间才能完成。pilln. 药丸；药片【例句】What about the sleeping pills I gave you? 我给你的安眠药怎么样?Please give him some pills for cough. 请给他一些治咳嗽的药。awakeadj. 清醒的 be awake 醒着的【例句】If I dont take one, I will be awake all night. 如果我一片都不吃，就会整晚睡不着觉。The children are still awake. 孩子们还醒着。【助记】awake（v. 唤醒）awokeawokenrelaxv. 放松；轻松【例句】“Then try to relax before you go to sleep,”the doctor said. 医生说：“那么，在睡觉之前尽量放松。”The music will help relax you. 音乐将使你感到轻松。【助记】relax（轻松）一下发个fax（传真）again and ag