山东省淄博市周村区萌水中学中考英语 常用动词习惯用法复习 鲁教版

常用动词习惯用法allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式）My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）My father asked me to study hard.He asked me not to swim alone. be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事She is afraid to ask me questions.be afaid of doing sth 害怕做某事I am afraid of going out at night.be afaid of sth 害怕某物He is afraid of snakes.be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶He was amazed to meet the girl there.be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶they were amazed at the news.be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事（常考）e.g: I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。 I am busy with my work.be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying（某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来）the bus is coming/the dog is dying.be excited to do sth 对做感到兴奋 Jacky was excited to travel there by plane. be excited at sth Lily was excited at his words. be excited about doing sth he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books.be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事Sam is frightened to ride a horse.be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事 she is happy to clean the blackboard with me.be pleased to do sth高兴做某事 she was pleased to help the old man yesterday. be pleased with sth 对某事感到高兴/满意 the teacher was pleased with my answer.be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣 she is interested in swimming in the river.My btother is interested in Chinese. 13. be/get ready for/to do sth Be ready for sth 为某事做好了准备 We are ready for the exam.Be ready to do sth 为做某事做好了准备 We are ready to have a birthday party for her.get ready for sth为某事在做准备We are getting ready for the exam. get ready for sth 为做某事而做准备be sorry to do sth 对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊奇be worth doing sth 值得做某事（worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考）开始去做某事begin to do sth begin/start to do/doing sth can/be able to afford (to buy) sth 有能力购买（供）can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth cant wait to do sth 迫不急待地去做某事decide to do sth 决定去做某事 make up ones mind to do sth 下决心去做某事（常考）make a decision to do sth 对做某事作出决定deserve to do sth 值得/应该做encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事enjoy doing sth 乐意去做某事expect (sb) to do sth 期望去做某事fail to do sth 做某事失败succeed doing sth 成功做了某事finish doing sth 做完某事（后接动词-ing形式）（常考）follow sb to do sth 跟随某人去做某事让某人做某事（后接动词原形）get sb to do sth make sb do sth let sb do sthget/have a chance to do sth 得到一个做某事的机会give/pass/show/lend/sell sb sth/sth to sb buy/get/bring sb sth/sth for sb go on to do sth 继续做事（常考）go on doing sth 继续做事（常考）hate to do/doing sth 讨厌/不喜欢做某事have fun doing sthhave problems doing sth 做某事遇到困难让某人做某事（后接动词原形）have sb do sth have sth done have sth to do 工有事要做hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事（后接动词原形，常考）hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事（常见）help to do sth 帮忙做某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事hope/wish to do sth 希望做某事wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事I t seems that 这像是（后接从句）seem to do sth seem +adj Its + adj+(for sb) to do sth . Its+adj +(of sb) to do sthe.g: Its glad for him to hear the news.It takes sb some time/money to do sth . 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）pay for cost spendon. it take to do sthIts best for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的had better do sth 最好做某事（注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形）Its time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了keep (on)doing sth 坚持做某事（常考） keep sb doing sth 让某人做某事（常考）keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事（常考） keep sb/sth +adj keep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天（不要用borrow或lend）learn to do sth 学做某事learn sth from sb 向某人学习like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事like sb to do sth 喜欢某人做某事need to do sth 需要做某事need doing sth/to be done need sth neednt do sthprefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿而不愿（常考）prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢做胜过做e.g: I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。prefer to do sth 喜欢（爱）做某事refuse to do sth 拒绝做 （常考）remember/forget to do sth 记得/忘记做某事remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事see sb do sth 看见某人做某事（结果）see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（正在进行中） be seen to do sth 做某事被看见something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词）e.g: I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。spend some time (in)doing sth /on sth 花费时间做某事（注意动词要用ing形式）（常考）spend some money on sth/doing sth 买花了多少钱Sth is hard/difficult/easy to do . 做好某事很难/容易stop to do sth 停下来去某事（两件事）（常考）stop doing sth 停止做某事 （一件事）（常考）stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事（常考）take turns to do sth 轮流做tell sb (not) to do sth 叫某人去（不要）做某事 be told to do sth 被告知不要做某事There is no need (for sb) to do sth 对某人来说没必要做某事There is no time (for sb ) to do sth have no time to do sth 没时间做某事too(for sb) to 太以致不能 so that not enough to do e.g: The boy is too young to go to school. 那男孩太小了以致不能上学。try/do ones best to do sth 尽力去做某事 try to do sth 试着（图）做某事used to do sth 过去常做某事( used to be + adj/a +n)e.g: Mr wang used to be a teacher worker. 王先生过去是一位工人。 I used to live in the country. 过去我住在农村。want/would like to do sth 想做want/would like sb to do sth 想某人做 feel like doing sth 喜爱做某事（注意like后接动词ing形式）warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）为什么不（表建议的句型，注意用动词原形）Why dont you do sth ? Why not do sth ?表示建议的句型还有：What How about?（如果是动词，要用ing形式）Shall we?Would you like (sb) to do sth ?Yes, Id love to .Would you mind doing sth ? 你介意做某事吗？Never mind/Not at all/of course not/certainly not . （从不介意/一点也不介意/当然不会了）Would you please (not) do sth 你可不可以不做？finish doing sth enjoy doing sth practise doing sth be good at doing sth be good at doing sth thank you for doing sth stop doing sth be good at doing sth give up doing sth mind doing sth stop sb from doing sth go on doing sth be busy doing sth see/hear/watch sb doing sth feel like doing sth hate doing sth like doing sth do well in doing sth be afraid of doing sth be interested in doing sth make a contribution to sth/doing sth 非延续性动词(终止性动词)1.buy-have(has)had 2.borrow-have(has)kept 3.leave-have(has)been away4.go -have(has)been away/in 5.come -have(has)here/in 6.die -have(has)been dead 7.join-have(has)been a member of/in8.begin-have(has)on 8.stop-have(has)been overexample: 他的狗死了3天了.: His dog has been dead for three days. It is three days since his dog died. His dog died three days ago.感官动词:(主动语态不带to)1.hear/see/watch sb do sth 或 2. hear/see/watch sb doing sthWe often hear him sing the song.I saw him swimming in the river just now.被动语态带to:He is often heard to sing the song. 役使动词: (主动语态不带to) make/let sb do sth.His father often makes him do this and that. 被动语态带to:He is often made to do this and that by his father.延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock;例:He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth - keep sth open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear；catch a cold have a cold等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. 补充练习：When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been inThe factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. openedMary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on18.He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had20.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keepKey:1-5 D C A B B; 6-10 C A A B C; 11-15 B C C C B; 16-20 C A C D D宾语从句 专项练习 .选择正确答案完成下列宾语从句。( D )1 .The children said they themselves very much .A .if ,enjoy B .why ,enjoyed C .what ,enjoy D .that ,enjoyed( C )2 .I dont think I out the problem .A .if , can work B .how , will work C .that , can work D .when , will work( A )3 .She is afraid担心 he cold at night .be afraid that担心be afraid of害怕catch cold感冒 have a cold 感冒（一种状态）A .that , will catch B .that , catches C .whether , will catch D .if , catches( B )4 .We are sure(肯定的) he to speak French（法语） well .Sure/certain 肯定的。be sure/certain thatIm sure(certain) that he will come tonight.A .that , learned B .that , has learned C .if , learned D .if ,has learned( C )5 .The boy asked I any noise(噪音) from outside .Whether(or not )是否 whether =if.A .when , heard B .why , had heard C .whether(=if) , had heard(hear听见) D .what ,heard( D )6 .Who can tell us about over there ?在宾语从句中，从句中要用陈述语序。A .what they talk B .what do they talk C .what are they talking D .what they are talking( A )7 .We couldnt find out（找出） ,so we asked a policeman .对谁的某样东西提问，句式：whose cat is it?变为陈述语序：whose cat it is.A .whose bike it was B .whose bike was it C .whose it was bike D .whose was it bike( C )8 .Do you know take to get to the hospital ?get to ， arrive at/in ，reach +地点 表示到达对哪一个提问，句式：which book is it?变为陈述句：which book it is.A .which way must we B .which must we way C .which way we must D .which we must way( D )9 .Tom asked to school late .A .who did often come B .who often did come C .who often come D .who often came( B )10 .I dont remember the boy by himself .leave sb. by oneself.留下某人，使他独自一人A .why did she leave B .why she left C .why had she left D .why she had left( A)11 .Have you forgotten（忘记） when he died ?A .how old he was B .how old was he C .what did he say D .what he did say对某人年龄提问：how old are you?( c )12 .Nobody knows to visit our school .A .when will he come B .when does he come C .when he will come D .when he does come( D )13 .Please tell us to the science museum(科学博物馆) .A .how can we reach B .how we can reach C .how can we get D .how we can get( A )14 .Dont you believe to the moon by spaceship ?Dont you know/believe 难道你不知道/相信A .that man did fly B .how did man fly C .if man fly D .whether man fly( B )15 .I dont know .对某人怎么了提问：Whats the matter with sb? 某人怎么了？陈述语序：what the matter is with sb.A .what is the matter with him B .what the matter is with himC .what with him the matter is D .what the matter with him is( A )16 .He doesnt tell me if he .If he .Ill telephone (打电话给)you .A .will come , comes B .will come , will come C .comes , will come D .comes , comes .选择括号内正确的关联词语填空。( A )1 .I wonder(奇怪) he asked such a silly （愚蠢的）question in public .A .how B .why( A )2 . (do you think你认为) will teach us maths next term ?A .Who B.Whom( A )3 .Are you sure ?A .that she is honest B .she is honest( A )4 .He you are not going to Shanghai .A .is surprised（惊奇的） that B .surprised that( A )5 .He of