八年级英语-上册2单元-完整-冀教版ppt课件

.,1,I.英语时间表达法,英语时间通常用以下两种方法表达：1.直接表达法A.用基数词+oclock来表示整点，注意oclock须用单数，可以省略。如：eightoclock八点钟，ten(oclock)十点钟B.用基数词按钟点+分钟的顺序直接写出时间。如：eleven-o-five十一点过五分，sixforty六点四十2.间接表达法A.如果分钟数少于30分钟，可用分钟+past+钟点表示，其中past是介词，意思是“过”。如：twentypast/afterfour4:20eightpast/afterone1:08B.如果分钟数多于30分钟，可用（60分钟-原分钟数）+to+（原钟点数+1）表示，其中to是介词，意思是“差”。如：8:35可表示为twenty-fivetonine差二十五分钟九点，即八点三十五。,.,2,注：A.当分钟数是15分钟时，可用名词quarter（一刻钟）表示。如：7:15可表示为aquarterpast/afterseven，12:15可表示为aquarterpast/aftertwelveB.当分钟数是30分钟时，可用名词half（一半）表示。如：9:30可表示为halfpastnine，3:30可表示为halfpastthree。C.若想表明是上午，可在时间后加上am或a.m.。如：thirteenpastsixa.m.（上午六点十三分）等。若想表明是下午，可在时间后加上pm或p.m.。如：fouroclockp.m.（下午四点）等。D.若表示的时间不够准确，可在时间前加上介词about。如：abouteight（大约八点）等。E.在时间前面应用介词at来表示在的意思。如：atnine在九点钟，ataboutfivethirty-fivep.m.大约在下午五点三十五分等。,.,3,II.现在完成时,一）概说现在完成时是一种混合时态，跨越两个时间范畴。一个是过去，一个是现在。动作往往发生在过去，但对现在有影响，而这种影响或者结果却是说话人的兴趣之所在，所以常常后面不用时间状语。谓语动词部分的构成为have/has+done(过去分词)肯定式疑问式否定式Ihavealreadyworked.HaveIworkedyet?Ihavenotworkedyet.Hehasalreadyworked.Hasheworkedyet?Hehasnotworkedyet.Wehavealreadyworked.Haveweworkedyet?Wehavenotworkedyet.Youhavealreadyworked.Haveyouworkedyet?Youhavenotworkedyet.Theyhavealreadyworked.Havetheyworkedyet?Theyhavenotworkedyet.二)意义（用法）1.动作在过去发生，但是对现在有影响（或结果），而这种影响（或结果）却往往是说话人兴趣所在，所以后面常常不出现具体的时间状语。而出现一些不够明确的副词或介词短语。例如，just,already,yet,recently,before,lately,never,ever,inthepast.,.,4,1)Thecarhasarrived.（Thecarishererightnow.）2)Thecararrivedfiveminutesago.3)Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(Thewindowisbroken.)4)Someonebrokethewindow.(thewindowmaybefixed.)5)Ihavetoldyoubefore.(Youshouldknowthat)6)Haveyoueverseenthesea?(Idliketoknowsomethingaboutit.)7)TheyhavegonetoShanghai.(Theyarenthere.)TheywenttoShanghai.(Wedontknowwheretheyarenow.)8)Ihaveseensomeofyourpaintings.(Iknowyouaregoodatart.)一般过去时只说明过去，不说明现在，并且经常出现具体的时间状语；而现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去，但强调的是对现在的影响，往往用的是模糊的副词或介词短语。TheyhavegonetoShanghai.TheywenttoShanghailastFriday.Ihadbreakfastthismorning.(Thespeakerspeaksintheafternoonorintheevening.Themorningisthepast)Ihavehadbreakfastthismorning.(Thespeakerspeaksstillinthemorning.),.,5,2动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，且有可能继续下去。这种用法一般要求使用延续性动词，如，live,study,be,wait,keep,常常和since或for引导的时间状语连用。其他常用的时间状语结构还有eversince,uptonow,untilnow,bynow,sofar,inthepast/lasttenyears.(1)Ihavelivedhereformorethan30years.Ilivedhereformorethan30years.(2)Hehastaughtheresince10yearsago.Hetaughtherefor10years.(3)Myfatherhaswornthiswatchsinceheboughtit.(4)Myfatherwornthiswatchfor11years.(5)Hisgrandfatherhasdied/hasbeendeadforhalfayear.(6)Thedoorhasclosed/hasbeenclosedfortwohours.(7)Theyhaveknown/havegottoknoweachotherfor11years.(8)Thefilmhasbegun/hasbeenonforfifteenminutes.(9)Hehasleft/hasbeenawayfromschoolfortwodays.(10)Ihavekept/haveborrowedthebookforthreeweeks.(11)Mr.SmithandMrs.Smithhavemarried/havegotmarried/havebeenmarriedforfiftyyears.现在完成时还可以表示过去某一重复动作IhavebeentoTaiyuantwice.Hehastriedsixtimesandsixtimeshehasfailed.Ihavepaintedsixpicturesthisweek.,.,6,Except(but),exceptfor,besides1.except是“除了之外“的意思。1）Theshopisopeneverydayexcept(but)Sunday.2)Everyonelaughed,except(but)ourteacher.3)Allthestudentsexcept(but)LiMingaregoingtothepark.2.exceptfor主要有三层含义：表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定起部分修正主要意思的作用。.Yourwritingisquitegoodexceptforseveralspellingmistakes.表示非同类事物进行比较。eg.Thestreetisemptyexceptforseveralcars.置于句首，表达except的含义。Exceptforthiseverythingisinorder.3.besides表示“除了.之外（还有）“的意思。1）Weneedvegetablesbesidesmilkandcheese.Weneedvegetablesplusmilkandcheese.2)Ihavefiveotherhistorybooksbesidesthis.Ihavesixbookstogether.3)BesidesEnglish,hehastolearnFrench.HehastolearnEnglishandFrench.4)AllthestudentswenttoBeijingexceptLiMing.LiMingdidntgotothepark.Danny,JennywenttoBeijingbesidesLiMing.LiMingwenttoBeijing.,.,7,一反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实进行强调或者希望予以确认。这种疑问句由助动词或者情态动词加上主语（与陈述句的主语相同，但是要用代词）。反意疑问句实际上是一种简略的一般疑问句，所以它的回答要使用yes或者no.陈述句部分如果是肯定结构，后面的反意疑问句要用否定结构；陈述句部分如果是否定结构，后面的反意疑问句要用肯定结构。(1)YoursisterhasntreturnedfromTokyoyet,hasshe?Yes,shehas.(不，她已经回来了)No,shehasnt.（是，她还没有回来）（2）Wewerelate,werentwe?Yes,wewere.（是的，我们迟到了）No,wewerent.(不，我们没有迟到)(3)MickeycantspeakRussian,canhe?Yes,hecan.（不，他会说）No,hecant.（是，他不会说）,IV.反意疑问句,.,8,如果陈述句没有be或情态动词，反意疑问句则用助动词do(does)或者did,have,has,will,shall等助动词。(1)Johnlikestea,doesnthe?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesnt.(2)Shedidnttellyou,didshe?Yes,shedid.No,shedidnt.二当陈述部分有hardly(几乎不),seldom（很少）,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。1)Youhardlyknowher,doyou?2)Hehaslittlemoney,doeshe?如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀的介词或者形容词时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。1)Itsimpossibleforhimtomakesuchamistake,isntit?他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗？2)Hefeltunhappyyesterday,didnthe?3)Jennylooksunlikeheruncle,doesntshe?,.,9,三当陈述句的主语是指示代词this,that时，反意疑问句的主语用it代替；指示代词是these,those时，反意疑问句的主语用they代替。1)Thatisntausefulbook,isit?那不是一本有用的书，是吗？2)Theseareimportantreadingmaterials,arentthey?这些都是重要的阅读材料，是吗？当陈述句部分是Iam时，反意疑问句部分通常要用arentI；如陈述句部分的主语是Iamnot时，反意疑问句部分通常要用amI。1)Imlateforthemeeting,arentI?我开会迟到了，是吗？2)Imnotdoingwell,amI?当陈述部分是everyone/everybody,someone/somebody,noone/nobody,none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,something,nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。1)NobodycamewhenIwasout,didthey?我在外时，没人来过，是吗？2)Everythinghasgonewrongtoday,hasntit?今天什么都出问题了，是不是？,.,10,当陈述部分是“therebe+主语+其它”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be(not)+there”结构。1)Therearesomebananasinthebasket,arentthere?篮子里有些香蕉，是吗？2）Thereisnowaterinthebottle,isthere?3)Therehasbeenlittlerainthesedays,hasthere?6、祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除了Lets开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shallwe之外，其余一律用willyou，在这里并非表示疑问，而是进一步叮咛嘱托。只不过shallwe也包括说话人在内。1)Letsgotoseethefilmtogether,shallwe?我们一起去看电影，好吗？Letusgotoseethefilmtogether,willyou?我们一起去看电影，好吗？lesson9DontBeLateforClass!1.belatefor2.Ihavepaintedsixnewpicturesthisweek.3.Ihopeyoullshowthemtomesometime.,.,11,Sometime,sometimes,sometime,sometimesWemeteachothersometimelastyear.Wemeeteachothersometimesinthepark.Wehavemeteachothersometimesinthepark.Wetalkedforsometimewhenyouwereout.Ihaveseensomeofyourpaintings.Iamnotgoodatpainting.Ihavetoldyoubefore,Jenny.Artisfunforeveryone.Youdontneedtobeverygoodatit.Hurry,Brian!Wedontwanttobelateforclass.hurry=comeorgoquickly1)Hehurriedtoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.2)hurryoff,hurryup,.,12,Lesson10E-mailAllourteachermakeusstudyvery,veryhard.Thepicturealwaysmakesmerememberourtrip.Shecouldalsomakeherhairstandupwiththecomb.butIsawhimsmile.Iwatchedhimwalkoutoftheroom.2.Everyonelaughedatme,excepttheteacher.3.P.E.isshortforphysicaleducation.P.E.istheshortformofphysicaleducation.4.Ihavewrittenthreee-mailstoday.5.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit.ThegrocerystorehadmanyfoodsIdidntknow.Weeachbroughtapaintingwemadeinourartclass.Theboyinredshortsisthird.ItalkedtoagirlnamedMary.,.,13,6.YouhavehelpedmetolearnEnglish!Shehashelpedmewithmymathhomework.7.Givehimorherhersomegoodadviceonhowtolearnasubjectwell.Lesson11Whatsyourfavouritesubject?Ilovelearningaboutpeopleinothercountries.ItwouldbefuntostudyaboutChina.IcouldlearnmoreaboutLiMingshome.Turnoutthelight!turnout/offturnonturnupturndown3.Weshouldstoptalking.Brianstopsthechildren(from)talking.Weshouldstoptohaveclass.,.,14,4.Mygroupsfavouritesubjectissocialstudies.Lesson12Tick-tockThewordsforthefirstgroupareinred.whatdoesthisclocksay?Itsays“aquartertothree.”3.Whatisthetime(byyourwatch)?Itsaquarterpastthree.4.Nowitsthreethirty.Youcanalsosay“halfpastthree”.Lesson13LookingforLisaLookfor（丢失的人或者物品）,lookup(查找单词）,findout（查找真相、线索、信息）1)Youcanlookupthewordinthedictionary.2)Pleasefindoutwhenthenexttrainleaves.3)Trytofindoutwhohasbrokenthewindow.,.,15,2.Isitimportanttobeontime?ontime,intime,fromtimetotime=attimes=sometimes3.WhatmistakesdoesDannymakeinthelibrary?makeamistake4.Theywanttoworkontheirproject.workon从事于，继续作5.HerearesomemorepicturesofBeijing.1)Arethereanymoreapples?2)Wouldyoulikealittlemorecoffee?3)Ineedfivemorebooks.Ineedanotherfivebooks.6.DidyougetanyChinesemusic?7.IforgottofindanyChinesemusic.Librarylibrarian,shelfshelves,leafleavesIllshowyouwhereitisnow.,.,16,Heiscarryingabasketball.bring,take,carry,hold11.Heasksloudly.Bequiet!Keepquiet!12.1)noisenoisynoisily2)makea/much/nonoise13.ItoldLisawewouldworkonourproject.Isaidwewouldmeetataquartertothree.HetoldushewouldgoonatriponNationalDay.14.Sheishalfanhourlate.15.Ihavelookedinalltheroomsintheschool.Haveyoulookedinthegym?No,Ihavent.Notyet.16.relax,relaxed,relaxing17.Maybesheisatthegym.Shemaybeatthegym.,.,17,Lesson14IrfanStudiedChina!Whichonedoyouthinkisthemostinteresting?IammostinterestedinCanada.2.Thisismybookreportonthebody.Doyoulikeit?on关于（专门论述）about关于（只是涉及到）3.MyclasshaslearntaboutChina.4.IlikeChildrensDaybest.Wedonthaveaday