2018年中考英语总复习 易错知识点 专题十四 简单句专项训练（含解析）

专题十四 简单句易错清单一、 陈述句的否定结构1. 含有have的否定句(1) have当“拥有,所有”讲时,其否定形式有两种。如:i have an e-dictionary. 我有一个电子词典。可改为:i dont have an e-dictionary. ()i have not an e-dictionary. ()(2) have作“吃、喝、玩、度过”讲时,其否定形式借助于助动词do。如:i had milk for breakfast this morning. (变否定句) i didnt have milk for breakfast this morning. (3) have为助动词时,其否定形式为havent。如:i have visited diaoyu island. (变否定句) i havent visited diaoyu island. 2. 注意以下几种情况:(1)含有all, both, each, every, both.and.等的肯定句加not变为否定句后,只表示部分否定;若表示全部否定,则需分别用no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neither.nor.等词替换上述词。如:both mary and joan are studentsneither mary nor joan is a student. (2)含有already (已经),too (也)的肯定句加not变为否定句时,要分别把already和too改为yet和either。如:he has already seen the movie. (变为否定句) he hasnt seen the movie yet. i want to go for a picnic, too. (变否定句) i dont want to go for a picnic,either. (3)含有almost, many, much, often等词的肯定句可直接用never (hardly),few, little, seldom变为否定句,而不用加not。如:he always stays up late in the evening. (变为否定句) he never (hardly) stays up late in the evening. there is much food in the fridge. (变为否定句)there is little food in the fridge. 3. 当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时,若要否定宾语从句,应注意否定转移现象。如:i think you are right. 我认为你是对的。i dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。二、 一般疑问句的回答一般情况下,含有情态动词的一般疑问句,回答时应用与问句相同的词,但有时也用其他情态动词来回答。用情态动词may提问时,否定回答用mustnt, cant, may not。如:may i smoke here?我可以在这儿吸烟吗?yes, you may. 是的,可以。no, you mustnt. 不,绝对不可以。no, you cant. 不,不可以。提分策略简单句的基本句型各有特色。例如:反意疑问句由“陈述句+简单问句”构成;感叹句由what或how引导;祈使句由动词原形开头等。考生要熟记简单句的各种句型,积累一些经典句型。根据句型特点解答有关试题。【例】(2014福建福州32)foggy day!something must be done to solve the haze problem. a. howb. whatc. what a【解析】本题考查感叹句的用法。因为这里是形容词foggy后面加单数名词day, 用what来引导。所以选c。【答案】c2. 通过语境判断答案解题过程中,考生要正确理解句意,根据语境,将答案代入题干,然后做出正确选择。【例】(2014江苏苏州2)do you go to the sports club?at least once a week. a. how longb. how oftenc. how muchd. how far【解析】本题考查疑问词的用法。根据下句的回答“至少每周一次”,所以可知上句问的是动作发生的频率,所以上句的疑问词是how often。【答案】b专项训练1. (2014内蒙古赤峰37)have you heard of zhang lili? she was seriously hurt in an accident in order to save one of her students. good teacher!a. howb. whatc. what ad. what an2. (2014 江苏常州28)millie hardly did the housework after she bought the robot, ?. she could relax and have time for her hobbies.a. did she; yesb. didnt she; noc. didnt she; yesd. did she; no3. (2014山东德州20)hes still not understood by his close friend although he has said sorry to him, ?a. hasnt heb. has hec. isnt hed. is he4. (2013四川成都) do you surf the internet, maria?twice a week.a. how longb. how oftenc. how soon5. (2013四川绵阳)dont smoke in the reading room, ?im sorry. i wont do it again.a. will youb. shall wec. do you6. (2013湖南长沙) do you think of the film?very interesting.a. whatb. whoc. how7. (2013天津) nice dress it is!thank you!a. what ab. whatc. howd. how a8. (2013河北) is the dictionary?its $22. 95.a. how oldb. how longc. how thickd. how much参考答案与解析1. c解析:考查感叹句的用法。句中的名词是单数形式,感叹句应该用what a 来引导。故选c。2. a解析:考查反意疑问句的用法。疑问句的陈述部分含否定意义,疑问部分应该用肯定结构,所以排除b、c两项。由应答句后面一句判断,该疑问句应该作肯定回答。故选a。3. d解析:考查反意疑问句的用法。该句是让步状语从句,主句是一般现在时态的被动语态,反意问句应该与主句一致,故选d。4. b解析:考查疑问副词的用法。how long 询问(延续)多长时间,回答用for.或since.引导的时间状语;how often 多久一次,询问动作的频率,多长时间;how soon 询问还要多久才,一般用于将来时,回答用in + 一段时间。5. a解析:考查反意疑问句。句子的陈述部分是祈使句,祈使句的反意疑问句的疑问部分是will you? 故选a。6. a解析:考查特殊疑问词的用法。根据对话中的答语“很有趣”可知,提问的是对事物的看法,用句型“what do you