主谓一致之意义一致原则

主谓一致-逻辑意义一致原则一. 主谓一致的种类1语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2意义上一致1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, , cattle,等。2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。3就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. 二、逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which （be）your bag？ / Which (be) your bags？ All (be) going well. / All (be) gone to Beijing.a. I know that all _ getting on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. wasb. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our school.A. was B. were C. is D. are2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the worka. Twenty miles _ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is C. are D. wereb. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum.A.are B. is C. were D. have3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.a. The Arabian Nights _ well known to English lovers. A. is being B. are C. were D. isb. The United Nations _ in 1945.A. was found B. was founded C. were founded D. were foundc. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were4.表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.a. One and a half apples _on the table. A. are left B. is left C. have left D. has left5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.a. Nine plus three _ twelve. A. are making B. is making C. make D. makes6. 一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. a. Politics _ one of the subjects that I study. A. are B. is C. were D. wasb. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如： The pair of shoes under the bed is his.a.This pair of trouseis _ too long for him.A.is B.be C.are D.wereb.My glasses brokenA.is B. are C. being D. has being8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 a.The poor in an undeveleped countryA. live B. lived C. lives D. living b.The blind in special schools.A. study B. studies C. studying D. studied练习：1. I think physics easy to study.A. isnt B. arent C. was D. had been 2. The old _well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was3. Your trousers _dirty，you must have _washed.A. is; it B. are; it C. are; them D. is; them4. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kites history.A. have toldB. tellsC. were toldD. was told5.Those who _ in _compositions，please hand them in this afternoon.A. hasnt handed; hisB. havent handed; their C.has handed; their D. have handed; his6. This pair of shoes _made in Nanjing.A.is B. are C. have been D. had been7. Eight times eight _ sixty - four.A.is B.are C.get D.equal8. The United States of America _one of the most developed countries in the world.A. is B. are C. was D. were9. His Selected Poems _first published in 1965.A.were B. was C. has been D. are10. All bu