小学英语基础知识PPT课件.ppt

.,1,小学英语基础知识字母,1、26个字母（听、说、读、写过关）（所有的大写字母占上两格）:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz,.,2,字母书写,占格：（1）占中间一格的字母：a,c,e,m,n,o,r,s,u,v,w,x,z（2）占一二两格的字母：b,d,h,k,l,i,t以及所有大写字母（3）占二三两格的字母：g,q,y（4）占三格的字母：f,p,j单词书写各字母要紧贴；各字母要匀称；人名要大写：英文人名开头一个大写，中国人名姓、名分别大写，即两个大写；地名开头大写；国名开头大写；数词后置式的词组Class,Grade,Picture,单词开头要大写；缩写词一般要大写；I永远大写。各字母斜度一致。,.,3,形容词性物主代词,.,4,Be动词的用法,Be动词用法口诀：我用am，你用are，Is连着他，她，它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are，变否定，更容易，（be）后加not就可以，变问句，往前提，句末问号莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，举手大卸磨迟疑。Im=IamImnot=Iamnotyoure=youareyourenot=youarenotTheyre=theyaretheyrenot=theyarenotHes=heisheisnt=heisnotShes=sheissheisnt=sheisnotIts=itisitisnt=itisnot,.,5,名词单数变复数,规则变化：名词单数变复数，一般加-s没有错。词尾s,x,sh,ch,o直接加上-es。f,fe为结尾，加-s之前要变ve。辅音字母y来结尾，y变i再加-es没问题。部分词尾字母若是o，加-es有tomato和potato。不规则变化:不规则变化要特别记，oo常常变ee,foot-feet;男人、女人a改e,manmen;特殊childchildren等。不可数名词的复数使用原型。如：water,juice,soup,bread,rice,meat,cheese,fish,sheep,.,6,o、s、x、ch、sh结尾的加espotato-photoesbusbusesclassclassesglassglassessunglasssunglassesdressdressesboxboxesfoxfoxesdishdishesbenchbenchesbranchbranchessandwich-sandwichesbrushbrusheswatch-watches,.,7,辅音字母+y结尾，变为iesfamilyfamiliesbabybabiesbodybodiesaviaryaviariesflyflieslibrary-librariesbutterfly-butterfliescountrycountriesBirthday-birthdays,.,8,f、fe结尾，去f、fe，变为iesshelfshelvesleafleaveswolfwolvesknifeknivesscarf-scarves特殊情况childchildrenmousemicefootfeettoothteethsheepsheeppeoplepeoplefishfish(表示数量)manmenplicemanpolicemen,.,9,不可数名词无复数形式milkteawaterjuicecoffeesoupricebreadjamhoneybutterflourgluepapersugarsalthairicetapemoneycornhaygrassraintyphoonthunderhomeworktimerubbishinksnowwindchickencabbagefish,.,10,manymuchsomeanyhowmanyhowmuchnicebeautiful,同义词,.,11,pearpairrightwriteseeseaarentauntwhoswhoseforfourtotwotooknownowherewearhearheretheretheirbybuybyeflour-flower,同音词,.,12,longshorttallshortlargesmallnewoldyoungoldthickthinfatthinafraidbravehungryfullhappysadwetdryhotcoldwarmcoolroughsmoothsofthardwhiteblackfastslowgoodbadbeautifuluglycheapdearrightwrong,反义词,.,13,cleandirtyearlylatenoisequieteasydifficultinoutupdownleftrighteastwestsouthnorthonunderinfrontofbehindcomegositstandherethereputontakeoffgetongetoffturnonturnoff,.,14,动词的现在分词,1、一般情况加ingcross-crossingdrinkdrinkingbuybuyingcolourcolouringlaylayingmeanmeaningpeelpeelingshoutshoutingpickpickingflyflyingeat-eatingjump-jumpingopen-opening,.,15,2、不发音e结尾，去e加ingcomecomingbecomebecomingbakebakingdivedikingdrive-drivingmakemakingtake-takingbake-bakingtaste-tastingshine-shiningdancedancingclose-closingrideridingwritewritinghavehavinggive-givingtaketakingsmokesmokinguseusingleave-leavingwave-wavinglivelivingshake-shaking,.,16,现在进行时,1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?,.,17,一般现在时,一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转,.,18,一般现在时的构成,1.be动词：主语be(am,is,are)其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语行为动词其它。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。,.,19,一般现在时的变化,1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语benot其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be主语其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot.非凡疑问句：疑问词一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?,.,20,2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语dont(doesnt)动词原形(其它)。如：Idontlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：Hedoesntoftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)主语动词原形其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.,.,21,3.动词s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies,.,22,2陈述句中有情态动词（canmaymust）时，也可直接将它们提至主语前，即可成为一般疑问句。如：HecanswimnowCanheswimnow？ThechildrenmaycomewithusMaythechildrencomewithus？3陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时，变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如：IliketheseanimalsDoyouliketheseanimals？ShewantstogotothemoviesDoesshewanttogotothemovies？,.,23,特殊疑问句,一特征1、一般情况：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。2、特殊疑问词在句中充当成分。3、不用yes,no回答，直接回答。4、读降调。5、常用疑问词：who,what,whose,where,how,which,when,why,howmany,howmuch,howfar.Howlong,howoften,howsoon,howhigh,等。,.,24,熟记变特殊疑问句时，容易判断错的情况。数词表示年龄：Heisfifty-five.Howoldishe?表示时间：Itsfifty-five.Whatsthetime?表示加法：Sixandtwoiseight.Whatssixandtwo?表示价格：Theshirtisthirtyyuan.Howmuchistheshirt?表示多少：Ihavethreebrothers.Howmanybrothersdoyouhave?姓名和人表示人名：MynameisGina.Whatsyourname?表示人：ThewomanisGina.Whoisthewoman?长度和距离表示距离：Itsfivehundredmetresawayfromhere.Howfarisitfromhere?表示长度：Itsfivehu