名词性从句讲解公开课ppt课件

.,nounclause名词性从句,第一轮复习,.,NounClause:FunctionsasaNOUNinasentence.,Question:Whatisthefunctionofanouninasentence?名词在句中可以充当什么成分?,.,Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,.,Whatarenounclauses?Hisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.,SubjectclauseObjectclauseObjectclauseafteraprepositionPredictiveclauseAppositiveclause,.,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,.,名词性从句nounclause,主语从句subjectclause,宾语从句objectclause,表语从句predicativeclause,同位语从句appositiveclause,.,Whatkindofclausesarethey?,Whatthedriveroftheyellowcardidmademeextremelyangry.Whyshedidthisisstillunknown.Itshardtoforgetwhatwehavelearnedinhisclasses.PleasedonttellmymotherwhenIllgivehermygift.,.,ThatswhyIcantfollowyou.Theproblemisthatitsveryhardtocatchyourwords.Thefactthathetellsliesallthetimemakesussurprised.Thereisnodoubtthatitwillraintomorrow.,.,Imnotsurewhetheryouwouldlikeitornot.ShefeltverysurprisedthatIfinisheditallbymyself.Ihavenoideawhereheis.Pleasetellusthetruthhowmanypeopleweredrownedintheflood.,.,Thenoveltellsthatthetruthalwaystakesthesideofthemajorityofpeople.Icantexplainwhyhebehaveslikethat.Howhefinisheddoingthatisnotimportant.Wherewewillgohasntbeendecidedyet.,.,名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that/whether/asif(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。,.,连词:引导从句，但在从句中不作成分that：无词义，不作成分，起连接作用whether/if：“是否”不作成分，起连接作用If只用于宾从中asif(though)：“好象”只连接表语从句连接代词：引导从句，并在从句中作成分What（ever）：（无论）什么，作主，宾，表，定语which（ever）：（无论）哪一个（些）作主，宾，表，定语Who（ever）：“（无论）谁（主格）”作主，宾Whom（ever）：“（无论）谁（宾格）”作宾whose（ever）：“（无论）谁的，作定,.,连接副词:引导从句，作状语When（ever）：“什么时候”作状语where：“什么地方”how：怎样why：为什么从句中用陈述句序：疑问词+陈述句语序,.,.,Finishexerciseonpage9(textbook):underlineallthenounclausesyoucanfind,（1）名词性从句构成有3种,That+陈述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.,b.if/whether+陈述句Nooneknewif/whetherhelosthissightbecauseofanaccident.,c.疑问词+句子的剩余成分Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.,.,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序,(1)that和whether/if引导的从句,Shesensedsomething.AtallmaninadarkcoatwasstaringatherShesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.,Shewondered.Wouldthebusesstillberunning?Shewonderedif/whetherthebuseswouldstillberunning.,.,(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?(),F,T,T,F,.,1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1).hewillsucceediscertain.2)hewillgothereisnotknown.3)hesaidisnottrue.4)hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)comesiswelcome.6)Itscertainhewillsucceed.,7)wecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.,8)theyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,That,Whether,What,Where,Whoever,that,How,When,.,由that引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会)that无意义,后接一个完整的句子.that不可省,Thattheearthisround,Thatyoumissedthechance,.,考点一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-由连词whether和if,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导.也常常后置:,Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.,Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.,.,Itdoesntmatterif/whetherheisaforeigner.Itisaquestionwhetherheiswillingtocome.Itisunknownhowshehasreducedherweightinsuchashorttime.,.,It的用法：（形式主语）Itpossible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Itssaid/reportedthat.据说/据报道Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat.已经通知/宣布Itseems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧.Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/无疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying.（俗话说）,.,Itiswellknown/reported/thought/saidthatItisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtfulthatItisapity/ashame/anhonour/thatItdoesntmatterwhetherItseemsthatIthappensthat,.,考点二注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.,.,宾语从句,.,宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）连词：that,whether，if（that常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow1).Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3)Iamafraidthathedidntcallme.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.,.,用if或whether填空,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.,whether/if,whether,whether,.,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.eg:IdontknowwhetherIwillstayornot.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,2.注意whether和if的使用区别,.,1.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.2._theycandoitmatterslittletous.3._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.,whether,Whether,If,.,2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.eg:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.Idontthinkitrightthatyouleavehomewithouttellingyourparents.b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.eg:Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.,.,3.时态一致（主从句中一致）1）.当从句表达的是客观事实，真理，自然现象时，从句通常用一般现在时。2）在“命令，要求，建议”等相关词后的名词性从句中常用虚拟语气（suggest.advise）,.,宾语从句的时态呼应,1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_.,hisdreamwillcometruesomeday,whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday,.,2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertellsus_,hewaspreparingfortheexamination,Hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears,lighttravelsinastraightline.,.,1.Thefactis_shedoesntlikepopmusic.2.Mytroubleis_Idonthaveenoughexperience.3.Thequestionis_hewillbepresentornot.4.Whattroubledhimwas_hecouldgetthemoney.,Thepredicativeclauseisalsoeasy!,that,that,whether,whether/where/how,.,3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because,Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.,.,because,asif也可引导表语从句:1.Heisabsenttoday.Its_heisseriouslyill.2.Itlooks_itsgoingtorainagain.TrueorFalse:Hersuggestionisthatwewilldoitbyturns.Hersuggestionisthatwedoitbyturns.,because,asif,.,4同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether,1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.,3).SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,.,三、同位语从句的引导和辨别,1.同位语从句的格式：n.+连接词+从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。,.,1.Ihavenoidea_hecomesfrom.2.Hecantanswerthequestion_hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt_hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt_hewillwin.,that/whether/where/how,where,how,that,that,whether,.,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,.,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,.,引导名词从句的关联词。,分析下列宾语从句中的连词,Idontdoubt（that）youwillsucceed.Idontknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.,3个句子中的连词that,whether,if（是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词注意：a.that本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if仅可以用于宾语从句。,连接词,.,注意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。引导多个并列宾语从句时，引导第一个宾语从句“that”可以省Itis/wasbecause.这是因为Itis/waswhy.这就是为什么3.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.4Thereasonisbecause/why,that.,.,另外，在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,填空:1.Thereason_wedidnttrusthimis_hehasoftenlied2.Thereason_hegaveforhisabsentis_hewasill.,reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。,.,综合运用：,Theearthisround,_isknowntoeverybody.,as/which,2._isknowntoeverybody,theearthisround.,As,3._theearthisroundisknowntoeverybody.,That,4._isknowntoeverybodythattheearthisround.,It,5.Everybodyknows_theearthisround.,that,6._surprisedusverymuchthatourteacherleftwithoutaword.,It,7._surprisedusverymuchwasthatourteacherleftwithoutaword.,What,.,Choosethecorrectsentencefromeachpair:,Hesaid(that)hecouldnttellyourightawayandthatyouwouldntunderstand.Hesaid(that)hecouldnttellyourightawayandyouwouldntunderstand.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,ourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.,.,ImustnevertellanyonethatIcouldnotseethecloth.ImustnevertellanyoneIcouldnotseethecloth.Wethinkitimportantthatwestudyhard.Wethinkitimportantwestudyhard.,.,Whetherhewillacceptyouroffer,Idontknow.Ifhewillacceptyouroffer,Idontknow.Ithinkthathewillnotappear.Idontthinkthathewillappear.,.,Whethershecomesornotdoesntconcernme.Ifshecomesornotdoesntconcernme.Whenandwherewewillgoarestillnotknown.Whenandwherewewillgoisstillnotknown.,.,IwishIsawyouyesterday.IwishIhadseenyouyesterday.Thedoctorsuggestedthatsherestsforafewdays.Thedoctorsuggestedthatsherestforafewdays.,考点二:虚拟语气subjunctivemood.,.,Itshigh/abouttimethatIleave.Itshigh/abouttimethatIleft.Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.Itisdemandedthatheleftatonce.,.,1.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for2._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3.Allfinished,wesatdowntoenjoy_wethoughtthemostdeliciousdinner.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it,历届高考题,.,4.MrMikedidntunderstand_madehiswifesoupsetthismorning.whatwasitB.whyitwasthisC.howthatwasD.whatitwasthat5.Iwonder_.whoofthemshouldIelectB.whoofthemIshouldelectC.whichofthemshouldIelectD.whichofthemIshouldelect,.,6.Itwasnotuntildark_hefound_hethoughtwasthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblem.that;whatB.that;thatC.when;whatD.when;that7.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberiaand_morethan10,000yearsago.A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska,.,8.-Isthisfactory_thefalsewinewasmade?-Yes.Andalsotheone_usedtosellforgedcigarettes.theone;whereB.that;thatC.what;whichD.where;that9._Doyouthink_weshoulddotoimproveourEnglish?A./;whatB.What;thatC.What;/D.How;that10.Theargumentremainedextremelyheated_therearenecessaryconditionsofexistencesuchaswaterontheMars.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.aboutwhich,.,11.Youdbettergivethetaskto_youthinkcansucceedincarryingitoutaheadoftime.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.anyoneD.whoever12._turncolorandfalltothegroundisasignofwinter.A.ThatleafB.ThatleavesC.ThoseleafD.Thoseleaves13.Yourshoesare_.A.wheretheywereB.theplaceyouputC.inthecornerthatyouputD.theretheyare,.,14.Theboydivedintothewaterandafter_seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.A.thatB.whatC.itD.which15.WhenChristopherColumbusreached_isnowtheUSA,hecalledthepeopleofthenewworld“Indians”.whichB.whatC.whereD.theplacewhere16._hewasill,IwasexpectedtotakehisplacegreatlysurprisedmeforIdidnthavemuchexperience.A.IfB.IfthatC.ThatD.Thatif,.,17.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that18.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever19.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_itisroughorsmooth.A./B.whetherC.howD.what,.,20._intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires21.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschoolisnolonger_itwas20yearsago,_itwassopoorlyequipped.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that,.,22.Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich23.Mumiscoming.Whatpresent_foryourbirthday?youexpectshehasgotB.youexpecthasshegotC.doyouexpectshesgotD.doyouexpecthasshegot,.,24.-Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoNewYork?-Iagree,buttheproblemis_hehasrefusedto.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what25.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which,.,26.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether27.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_Idisagree.whyB.whereC.whatD.how28.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.w