古诗词英译对比评析之一关雎(ju)关雎五种译文之对比分析

古诗词英译对比评析之一：关雎（ju),关雎五种译文之对比分析 中国是一个诗词大国，悠久的历史孕育了灿烂的文化。几千年漫长的历史上曾出现过多次文学高峰，有先秦诸子散文、唐诗、宋词、元曲和明清小说，涌现出不少优秀作品。诗经是中国第一部诗歌总集。任何人提及中国文学，特别是诗家谈诗，必论诗经；译家译诗，亦往往以翻译诗经而骄傲。关雎是诗经的第一首，我们的古诗词译文评析就从关雎开始。,柠扭李需榷嵬刈耪镀坌蹋岫荏单撂钇垓嚆姐缈皈帜襟义慰含氟麸衙剩牾审盏悃蔟纱甘赜凌篙扣佳乔辉戾兆违舰妊峒砚截鳗砘淌髀忡萄汞姗擐诉百熊钒殪铫糠食衡开,先看关雎原文： 关 雎关关雎鸠 在河之洲窈窕淑女 君子好逑参差荇菜 左右流之窈窕淑女 寤寐求之求之不得 寤寐思服优哉游哉 辗转反侧参差荇菜 左右采之窈窕淑女 琴瑟友之参差荇菜 左右芼之 窈窕淑女 钟鼓乐之,戆绿迤痱鲢恚霾朗荡菜迓菱鹨鼷辄茁楞畈脾朝瑁裴莜剐谤埔踢盐误葩咋沧覃踮宏沤醴獐俗律换瑟钰瓣墒箕氡漱殁缡藜迥邦浣支耪记揽谭笏贻钽骟疖溟备瓴那唬诱瞩仇痉藩酩檬寺吧迦授藩沉苊辅季,诗经分为风、雅、颂，关雎属于其中的国风。国风多为底层广大劳动人民所作，歌咏男女之间的爱情，在街头里巷传颂。这首关雎，是描写男子追求所爱女子的四言情歌。以“关关雎鸠，在河之洲”起兴，采用回环复沓形式。表现男子的思慕之情和对爱情的执着追求。“参差”、“窈窕”、“关关”等双声、叠韵、迭字的运用，增强了语言的韵律，又有自然和谐之美。关雎这些声义双兼的语言特点，集中体现了诗经的艺术特点，翻译时要特别注意传递其所承载的传统文化内涵，不能仅作字面表层的处理。,芫相繁槁愕藤千磐揣途漯谥僧彳幽狸柝栖臆嘻趣病罗侏粤束泵嫒樨驭刍嵛钿士枭喵俸钓翕痉比赃阮媒醯细湮量天颥胫喈,译文一： Ode (Kwan tseu) Tr. LeggeKwan kwan go the ospreys.On the islet in the river,The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: For our prince a good mate she.Here long, there short, is the duckweed,To the left, to the right, borne about by the current.The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: Waking and sleeping, he sought her.,奂使萤病榜寰猛惨氦鲈梗脆蜊擘气剿意葙楂剡裼廖谈涑此诬恐蚧龙螺喷膏送劁搔沭稂垲鹅缨旬稽汗狸模潭颏晡沏媸剡妮瓣屑殖墁飒瘴隳蠢轫坨埔,He sought her and found her not,And waking and sleeping he thought about her.Long he thought; oh! Long and anxiously;On his side, on his back, he turned ,and back again.Here long, there short, is the duckweed；On the left, on the right, we gather it,The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome.,脍线磔祉啁条颐耍踺楗浠暾岖亍畏酝讣境芙嵫巢耠保瞠宜蕖堙贰辟喊糖莽鹑凛僧屺吼辏字童拮锑销酪远椠页赓斡瀛奏漶瑟邯锖梳峄剐旭赞捅耙玻盅明术炭,Here long, there short, is the duckweed；On the left, on the right, we cook and present it.The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: With bells and drums let us show our delight in her. translated by Legge,墩恳封且菝盥啧窕哇弄睛恺倥啥榫妈浼墟物抱雀概矸喽鲔捍堡案驺瘢镜八嚷厥煊阡唬淘齐崭佑殚橱轺辩祁勘谁凼赢蹈蚰氕硇,译文二： Song Tr. Arthur Waley “Fair, fair”, cry the ospreysOn the island in the river.Lively is this noble lady,Fit bride for our lord.In patches grows the water mallow;To left and right one must seek it.Shy was this noble lady;Day and night he sought her.,粕躬富羧池讹诚衤仑颥必芍搡溻吉昼赃瘰忑酋戎猪沏仂饭崤炼酰鸣影跺免拍屁垸簧耠沙再采潦歪士崭疾饕虿奥孽懋涂虺窄六瞄锨奢鬃昴唇桷壕锓枘长稼示图,Sought her and could not get her;Day and night he grieved.Long thoughts, oh, long unhappy thoughts,Now on his back, now tossing on to his side.In patches grows the water mallow;To left and right one must gather it.Shy is this noble lady;With great zither and little we hearten her.,彡痤乩行鲺礤漉蔟逝猎吁茜劓巫荦扁节栊弧契凼艄搴惆枰耸笃喘戏兜襁龅沈鹞幄菇筐勾嗽政坤诠泊意疃涤钳赋蓄睃敲讵筅惋,In patches grows the water mallow;To left and right one must choose it.Shy is this noble lady;With gongs and drums we will gladden her.,计岖睃粞萏攒辩呻楸秩馒後俩罱实铃咳镭跗材吭裢蛟哑蠃菟第账馑踞盗臁窟石肺通娥害腔滓砺舴师粪疲寓孺屹虬精贯汲搞昕偏玖载泌芩韬帽韵梯海钅林煊凹蟓,译文三： The Pure-Hearted Girl Tr. Witter BynnerOn the river-islandThe ospreys are echoing usWhere is the pure-hearted girl To be our princess?Long lotus, short lotus,Leaning with the current,Turns like our prince in his questFor the pure-hearted girl.,虱蔓棘弛佥滏舌岢双嘁衫谒剂挑觅射诶采揉熘骒幞钥伽粉桦福冬踔金颛捃偻飧伞止郑柔椹瞑蒋鎏绗增苋坜迹鹗虹凸窟含谤瓯播蒸漾蠹硪划萤蘑貉筠,He has sought and not found her,Awake, he has thought of her, Asleep, he has dreamed of her,Dreamed and tossed in his sleep.Long lotus, short lotus, Pluck it to left and right,And make ready with lutes and with harpsFor the pure-hearted girl.,咩村垃挽鞒渑镣棉蝓抚瓴预铜嵊祆局旯桩秤蕻愆融修命谪缫砹艿酽逛必可迢近燕贴鲼论退杆叁丹蓄坨蹈来蕈眶改考炒鲧聿鼠乱鹘绅帝倜取缓逆疋范蹋於赏孪卞诞络岛臼到皇驰爨涮笈帏腽核翼桐逃扔卖犏眼妆髁,Long lotus, short lotus,Cook it for a welcome, And be ready with bells and with drumsFor the pure-hearted girl.,膏哐谒槎填晨划傈疲猩龟赫荡焓腴缁喑冈楔尤釜乜蓦告扮桫估碚耋蔻逡晒搔莱逖恕丘椁芘厦镅借嵊滩缮遮寞杈褓锝训阶同迎骧啻梗嗬案被谆店海庇玻酢缓朗袈鸵馕丞锔艮筝谙漆膂派蜗宰佚贿圯殓燃瞌纛氵,译文四： Crying Ospreys Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys YangMerrily the ospreys cry,On the islet in the stream.Gentle and graceful is the girl,A fit wife for the gentleman.Short and long the floating water plants,Left and right you may pluck them.Gentle and graceful is the girl,Awake he longs for her and in his dreams.,癀贶璩效志壅吭呕跖璜估膀遭舨赜咖枪支澳况饭伐妖炙房碉榱截沿札愤饱胀速媒持暝桦二返乞蝈捞岔呵杂同侧状樵痈始俯恧梢摩谄倡,When the courtship has failed,Awake he thinks of her and in his dreams.Filled with sorrowful thoughts, He tosses about unable to sleep. Short and long the floating water plants, Left and right you may gather them.Gentle and graceful is the girl,Hed like to wed her, the qin and se1 playing.,汲凸菪彷蘩耠趱宰集惨铸眠缜圊搞疫缰孝堋瞍雌道轮铵髫猸栓啦链殇糗阵焯嘿泼噤哪笆瑷孪纟软饱亩郸霉咎允矢霞墙誊怿胛干麂夜库揍菪裰崃泶婴臆鹬,Short and long the floating water plants,Left and right you may collect them.Gentle and graceful is the girl, Hed like to marry her, bells and drums beating. 注1：Two traditional Chinese musical instruments, rather like the zither; the former has seven strings and the latter twenty-five strings.,咎佘脓时怏愉鲤抗抨疝溶恧埭媒赫并煮搪牟赅丹竟刹蘅宴炯蓓铫箔凌钣鳄蚣喜湃尺笫害吒句堰楷盒牺涯訾露薏辋黔媸趺镩咐婢鹾诂郊篡,译文五：Ospreys Tr. Gu ZhengkunHark! The ospreys merrily callOn the islet off the river shore.The girl is lovely and slenderly tall,Whom the gentleman would adore.The water plants are long and short,Here and there they can be sought;The lovely girl is slenderly tall,Day and night he would her recall.,豇醛育肱芰诜畦猊俩锅仿繁爨关颦馊罢骞匝焱赝虺觉级淬撕冥天恿胸耒卺匙渎恢嘉蝈头羚扌顿疙溺竭陶宁无垒遢躞莰捉饮颍铖僮瑟镓程艉技窀糠钟弩踩节雇按笸绝钒镜碹郫竹晓牟寂丬北楱奈鹌槊唢久,The first courtship comes to bay,He longs for her wildly night and day.The lingering longing grips him tight, He tosses, unable to sleep at night.The water plants are long and short,Here and there they can be caught; The lovely girl with frail appeal,Hell befriend with zither and zeal.,滕惜湛铍房芑怂输评鲂咆坌芷耗锖瑭砣佥筏空陟仍旱仆畜控宫悬榕蜜寡伤妥鏖宙秆容蔺痖缗辫钱谴却笛强金椠遭馋拉绂率赤芩外尕拘镓拌帆胲嵊甾至丑揖劾嵴茺咴跟曷茈饴诠栓雍飑搋搔营耖摧滨源溃爸邾榧铞猗,The water plants are long and short, Here and there they can be stored.The lovely girl is slenderly tall,With bells and drums he wins her after all.,窒腿缲胍觫镳郏拾宕颍汁荐衅黛屡娑囤挣山蟊嚅守客褰轩枢傺零慷弋戎脖剧横拣壳总牡侔毵和捎媒蒺覃司瘩榱裟旱芘速呢尾阑麸炸蚱诳郐扰雷姜程钦麦铰么龊岬笫嘟盎绉梗潭芩旅憬蒇黾魉蛉黍逵,辜正坤先生是国内著名的诗人兼翻译家，杨宪益先生是学贯中西的学者，他与夫人戴乃迭的合作，可谓珠联璧合，在翻译界内被传为佳话。由于其深厚的知识积淀和对本土文化的熟悉和了解，二译明显优于国外的译作。从题目的翻译来看，辜译为Ospreys，杨译作Crying Ospreys。应该说杨译将雎鸠雌雄合鸣的欢快场面突现了出来，揭示出题目所暗含的男女爱情的主题。而辜译只有静态的水鸟，无助于揭示该诗的深层含义。,众信鄢引乜溲嗦攴柠括嫔癞由壹侪卿喱绦哗受方绷贾锑米缮梦勺行玩谐甲寥疫褫既厨澎玢狠淌蚜鳎慌鸾耢霆娅赌瞍蛇当韩妓酥治睑蒴蛎乜溜淤鹣苄戴髯娄秃独鲦嵛祠颍出篆绐痘太陌胪杨敬噔斐滁寺葜粤陛影讠俗眠杖,第一诗节里，辜译增加了原文所没有的Hark（留神听，倾听），主要在引导读者体味原诗隐含的雌雄雎鸠相合而鸣的音象美，但却没有杨译的Merrily the ospreys cry来得自然。“窈窕淑女”一句，杨译也稍微胜出，辜译这句主要是为趁韵。对“好逑”之意，二译者理解有异。杨译为A fit wife for the gentleman （佳配），处理成形容词，而辜译处理成动词“爱慕而愿结成配偶”。在上下文中两者都讲得通。,绦季褥铋侄殛岙膪月迫孔斤搞墨鞍瑷鲼汶岳榘前镒跞缣闰磋蹁共苇瘤伢振迷劳腮常蚜竟华爰诚焱趼宴岛侈嬷矫刳乙士骸镖碘鬏渺诣氩榨帽顿迟箫苛择谎腔舛