Unit-2-Space-Invaders综合教程四

Unit2 Unit2SpaceInvaders Watchthevideoandanswerthefollowingquestions Howisthe gettingthroughthedoor movementunderstoodbymanypeople Pre readingActivities Audiovisualsupplement1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation Manyviewthisapparentlylight heartedtussleasasignthatArafatandBarakweregettingonwell ArafatandBarakarestrugglingtogetthroughthedooraftertheotherpartyinordertoshow Iamincontrol 2 Whatisthehiddenmessagebehindthescene Bodylanguageisveryimportant butoftencomplexandeasilymisunderstood 3 Whatdoesthisstorytellus Pre readingActivities Audiovisualsupplement2 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation FromSecretofBodyLanguage Voiceover Butbodylanguageisoftencomplex andeasilymisunderstood Here PresidentClintonleadstheIsraeliandPalestinianleadersEhudBarakandYasserArafatupbeforethepressduringpeacenegotiations It sallsmilesforthecameras butbehindthefa adeofbonhomie there sapowerstrugglegoingon Clintonjokinglyexplainsthatnoneofthemwilltakeanyquestions Clinton Wepromisetoeachotherwewillanswernoquestionandoffernocomments soIhavetosetagoodexample Voiceover Thebodylanguagethenrevealsjustwhythatworks ExpertA Wow It salmostaphysicalfight VideoScript1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation Voiceover Manyviewthisapparentlylight heartedtussleasasignthatArafatandBarakweregettingonwell Thinkagain ExpertA Thereisagreatmeaningbehindwhogoesthroughthedoorfirst NowofcoursehereintheWest lettingsomeonethroughthedoorfirstdoesn treallymatter Politemaybe ButintheMiddleEast ithassignificantculturalimpact ExpertB Thehost thepowerperson says I mincontrol I llhelpyouthroughthedoor I llshowyoutheway Arafat Thankyou Thankyou Voiceover ThrowinthefearandtensionpresentinmostMiddleEastnegotiations andsuddenly thedesireof VideoScript1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation bothArafatandBaraknottogothroughthatdoorbeforetheotherstartstomakesense ExpertC Thisisaclassicexampleinitsextremewayofhowthelastmanthroughthedooristhewinner SoBarakreachesforYasserArafat Arafatliterallygraspshisarm moveson andstartswagglinghisfingeratBarak who then Barak usesthisopportunityasawrestlingmatchtomovearound toactuallybebehindArafat andthenliterallygraspsArafat holdshimbythearm andshoveshimthroughthedoor ExpertB Soyou vegotfearandpowerstruggle showinginbigbigbigbigboldbodylanguagewithit VideoScript1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation Personalspacecanbeimaginedasakindofbubblesurroundingapersonthatprotectshisorherprivacyandwhichotherpeoplemaynotnormallyenter Allowingsomebodytogetverycloseandenteryourpersonalspacemaybeasignoftrustorlove Ontheotherhand intrudingother spersonalspacecanberatheroffensive Theamountofspacepeopleneedtofeelaroundthemvarieswithvariousfactors suchasculture sex familiaritybetweenpeople crowdednessofthesituation etc Forexample Culturalinformation1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation peoplefromculturesthatlikealotofpersonalspacefeelawkwardandembarrassedwhensomebodycomestooclosetothem peopleofthesamesexmaysitorstandclosertoeachotherthantosomebodyoftheoppositesex strangersandcasualacquaintancesusuallyneedmorespacethanfriendsandmembersofthesamefamilywhoknoweachotherwell inanoisystreetpeoplemayneedtostandcloserthantheywouldnormally simplyinordertoheareachother Culturalinformation2 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation Structuralanalysis Inthetext thewriterfirstpointsoutthefactthatnowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedaboutthemselvesandwanttohavealargerpersonalspacethandecadesago andthenheanalyzesthecausesofspaceinvasion Thetextcanbedividedintothreeparts PartI Paragraphs1 2 Thewritercallsthereader sattentiontotheinvasionofpersonalspacebyrelatinganexperienceofhowhispersonalspacewasinvaded Rhetoricalfeatures Structuralanalysis PartII Paragraphs3 7 Thewriteranalyzessomelikelycausesoftheshrinkageofpersonalspace andattributestheinvasionofpersonalspacetothegeneraldeclineofgoodmanners Structuralanalysis Rhetoricalfeatures Structuralanalysis PartIII Paragraphs8 9 Theauthorpresentshisviewabouttheessenceofpersonalspace i e itispsychological ratherthanphysical andurgespeopleto expandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace RhetoricalFeatures1 Avividandaccuratedescriptionofthebehaviourofthespaceinvadersandthosewhosepersonalspaceisbeinginvadedisachievedbyadelicateselectionofverbs Someoftheexamplesareasfollows Rhetoricalfeatures Structuralanalysis aman startedinchingtowardme Paragraph1 Inelevators peoplearewedgingthemselvesinjustbeforethedoorsclose Paragraph3 Inmovietheatresthesedays peoplearestakingaclaimtobotharmrests annexingalltheelbowroom Paragraph7 Verbsandverbalphrasesusedtodescribethebehaviourofspaceinvaders RhetoricalFeatures1 Verbsandverbalphrasesusedtodescribethereactionofthosewhosespaceisbeinginvaded Iminutelyadvancedtowardthewoman infrontofme Paragraph1 whoabsent mindedlyshuffledtowardthewhite hairedladyaheadofhim Paragraph1 Rhetoricalfeatures Structuralanalysis Practice Pleasefindmoreexamplestoillustratetheauthor scarefulchoiceofverbs Detailedreading1 Detailedreading SPACEINVADERSRichardStengel1Atmybanktheotherday Iwasstandinginalinesnakingaroundsometiredvelvetropeswhenamaninasweat suitstartedinchingtowardmeinhiseagernesstodeposithisSocialSecuritycheck Ashedidso IminutelyadvancedtowardthewomanreadingtheWallStreetJournalinfrontofme who inmildannoyance begantosidleuptothemanscribblingacheckinfrontofher whoabsent mindedlyshuffledtowardthewhite hairedladyaheadofhim untilwewereallhugger muggeragainsteachother theoriginallazylinehavingcollapsedinonitselflikeaSlinky Detailedreading2 Detailedreading 2Iestimatethatmypersonalspaceextendseighteeninchesinfrontofmyface onefoottoeachside andaboutteninchesinback thoughitisnearlyimpossibletomeasureexactlyhowfarbehindyousomeoneisstanding Thephrase personalspace hasaquaint seventiesringtoit You reinvadingmyspace man butitisoneofthosegratifyingexpressionsthatareintuitivelyunderstoodbyallhumanbeings Likethetwelve milelimitaroundournationalshores personalspaceisourindividualborderbeyondwhichnostrangercanpenetratewithoutmakingusuneasy Detailedreading3 3Lately I vefoundthatmypersonalspaceisbeinginvadedmorethaneverbefore Inelevators peoplearewedgingthemselvesinjustbeforethedoorsclose onthestreet pedestriansarezigzaggingthroughthehumantraffic jostlingothers refusingtogiveway onthesubway ridersarenolongertakingpainstocarveoutlittlezonesofspacebetweenthemselvesandfellow passengers inlinesatairports peoplearepressingforwardlikefidgetytaxisatredlights Detailedreading Detailedreading4 4Atfirst Iattributedthistendencytothe populationexplosion andtherelentlessMalthusianlogicthatiftwiceasmanypeopleinhabittheplanetnowasdidtwentyyearsago eachofushashalfasmuchspace Recently I vewonderedifit stheseason T shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluring ormuch muchless OrperhapstheproliferationofcoffeebarsinManhattan thenumberseemstodoubleeverythreemonths isinfusingsomuchcaffeineintothealreadyjanglinglocalsthatpeoplecannolongerkeeptothemselves Detailedreading Detailedreading5 5Personalspaceismostlyapublicmatter weallowallkindsofinvasionsofpersonalspaceinprivate Humanitywouldn texistwithoutthem Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography PeoplewholiveinCalcuttahavelesspersonalspacethanfolksinColorado Don ttreadonme couldhavebeencoinedonlybysomeonewithaspread IwouldwagerthatpeopleintheNorthernHemispherehaveroomierconceptionsofpersonalspacethanthoseintheSouthern ToanEnglishman ahandshakecanseemliketrespassing whereastoaBrazilian anythinglessthanahugmaycomeacrossaschilliness Detailedreading Detailedreading6 7 6Likedriverswhoplowintoyourparkedandemptycaranddon tleaveanote peoplenolongermutter Excuseme whentheybumpintoyou Thedeclineofmannershasbeenwidelylamented Manners itseemstome areaboutgivingpeoplespace notsteppingontoes grantingpeopletheirprivatedomain 7I vealsonoticedanincreaseintheranksofwhatIthinkofasspaceinvaders mini territorialexpansionistswhoseizepublicspacewithasenseofmanifestdestiny Inmovietheatresthesedays peoplearestakingaclaimtobotharmrests annexingalltheelbowroom whileatcoffeeshopsandontheLongIslandRailroad individualsroutinelycommandeerboothsandsetsoffacingseatsmeantforfoursomes Detailedreading Detailedreading8 8Ultimately personalspaceispsychological notphysical ithaslesstodowiththespaceoutsideusthanwithourinnerspace Isuspectthattheshrinkingofpersonalspaceisdirectlyproportionaltotheexpansionofself absorption peoplewhoseattentionisinwarddonotbothertolookoutward Eventhefocusofsciencethesedaysismicro notmacro TheHumanGenomeProjectismappingtheuniverseofthegeneticcode whileneuroscientistsareusingsouped upM R I machinestocharttheflightofneuronsinourbrains Detailedreading Detailedreading9 9Inthesamewaythatthebreezefromabutterfly swingsinJapanmayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia Ihavedecidedtoexpandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace Inthelineatmybank Inowrefusetomovecloserthanthreefeettothepersoninfrontofme evenifitmeansthatthefellowbehindmestartsbreathingdownmyneck Detailedreading Is personalspace atermoftheseventies Isitoutofdatenowadays Whyorwhynot Paragraph2 Detailedreading2 Quesion Personalspace wasatermpopularlyusedintheseventiesbutseldommentionednowadays However itdoesn tmeanthatitisoutofdate People whateverperiodstheyarein needpersonalspace whichisnottobepenetrated Theonlyproblemisthattheworldisbecomingsocrowdedthatitisimpossibleforpeopletoprotecttheirpersonalspaceaswellastheyusedtodo Detailedreading Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying personalspaceismostlyapublicmatter Paragraph5 Detailedreading5 Quesion Personalspace firstofall isthespaceyouexpectandareexpectedtokeepbetweenyouandotherpeopleinpublicplacesinordertomaintainanappropriateinterpersonalrelationship EdwardT HallinThe Detailedreading HiddenDimension forexample describesthesocialvaluesappliedbyAmericanstocertaindistancesbetweenpeopleasfallingintofourmaincategories Intimatedistance 0 1 1 2feet Personaldistance 1 1 2 4feet Social Consultativedistance 4 10feet andPublicdistance 10ormorefeet Doyouagreewiththewriter sviewthatthecontractionoftheouter personalspaceisproportionaltotheexpansionoftheinner spaceofmodernman Paragraph8 Detailedreading8 Quesion Yes peopleinthepresentsocietytendtobemoreself centered concentratingontheirprivateaffairsandignoringtheouterworldaroundthem Theysaytheyhavenotimeorenergytocareaboutothersinasocietyoffasttempo Asamatteroffact theydonotwanttobotheraboutit Detailedreading Detailedreading8 Activity GroupdiscussionsTopicA Ispersonalspaceimportanttoyou Whyorwhynot TopicB Accordingtoyourobservation doespersonalspacevaryindifferentplaces relations cultures Giveexamples Detailedreading snake v moveinatwistingway Detailedreading1 snake e g Thetrainwassnakingitswaythroughthemountains Detailedreading Synonym meander inch v moveveryslowlyandcarefully Detailedreading1 inch Detailedreading e g Howardinchedforwardinthecrowd Heinchedhiswaythroughthenarrowpassage Detailedreading1 inmildannoyance inmildannoyance withalittleangerorimpatiencemild a notverygreatindegree e g Welookedateachotherinmildastonishment Detailedreading Synonym slight Detailedreading1 sidle sidle v walkinatimidmanner esp sidewaysorobliquely Detailedreading e g AmansidleduptomeandaskedifIwantedaticketforthematch Detailedreading1 scribble scribble 1 v writeordraw sth carelesslyorhurriedly e g Hescribbledanotetohissisterbeforeleaving Shescribbleddownherphonenumberandpusheditintohishand Throughouttheinterview thejournalistsscribbledawayfuriously Detailedreading Synonym scrawl 2 n U sing carelessanduntidywriting e g Howdoyouexpectmetoreadthisscribble Detailedreading1 shuffle shuffle v walkbydraggingone sfeetalongorwithoutliftingthemfullyfromtheground Detailedreading e g Heslippedonhisshoesandshuffledoutoftheroom Afatwomanwasshufflingalongwithapushchair Collocations shufflesth off avoidtalkingorthinkingaboutsth becauseitisnotconsideredimportantshuffleoutofsth trytoavoidsomeunpleasanttaskbyactingdishonestly e g Heshuffledthequestionoffandchangedthetopic e g Imistrustthewayinwhichtheyshuffleoutofsustainedefforts Detailedreading1 Slinky Slinky n ASlinky 机灵鬼 一种用软弹簧做成的会翻跟头的玩具 isacoil shapedspringinventedbymechanicalengineerRichardJamesinPhiladelphia Pennsylvania Slinkyscomeinvarioussizesandshapes Theycan walk downstairsasthecoilsstretchandreformasgravitymovesthemdowneachstep thespring smomentumcausingittospillendoverendfromonesteptothenext Detailedreading Detailedreading2 ring ring n aquality oranimpressionofhavingthequalitythatismentioned e g Herstoryhadaringoftruthaboutit Thebookshementionedhadafamiliarringaboutthem Detailedreading gratifying a givingpleasureorsatisfaction Detailedreading2 gratifying e g ThenewplanmaybegratifyingtothePresident Detailedreading Derivations gratifyv gratificationn Detailedreading2 penetrate Detailedreading penetrate v succeedinforcingawaythrough sth e g Theypenetratedintotheterritorywherenomanhadevergonebefore Thesun sradiationpenetratestheskin Detailedreading3 wedge Thepeoplesittingclosetomewedgedmeintothecorner Openthedoorwideandwedgeitwithapadofnewspaper e g Detailedreading wedge v forceintoanarrowspace fixsth inpositionbyusingawedgeorsth else Detailedreading3 zigzag Detailedreading zigzag Wezigzaggedupthehill Thenarrowpathzigzagsupthecliff e g 1 v moveforwardbygoingatananglefirsttooneside thentotheother 2 n alineorpatternthatlookslikeaseriesofletterW sasitbendstotheleftandthentotherightagain Thepathdescendedthehillinzigzags e g 3 a onlybeforenoun azigzagline path pattern e g Detailedreading3 carveout Detailedreading carveout establishorcreatesth throughpainstakingeffort Withmonthsofstrenuouswork theartistcarvedoutaflowerofivory Yearsoffailuresandsetbackshavetaughthimandcarvedoutacareerforhim e g Detailedreading3 press Detailedreading press v push move ormake one sway strongly esp inacrowd Hepressedhiswaythroughthecrowd Somanypeoplepressedroundthefamousactressthatshecouldn tgettohercar e g Translation 人群挤在她身边 争着要她的签名 Crowdspressedroundher tryingtogetherautograph Detailedreading4 infuse Detailedreading infuse v fillorcausetobefilledwithsth Hernovelsareinfusedwithsadness e g Collocations infuse into with fill with e g Heinfusedeagernessintothemen Hisspeechinfusedthemenwitheagerness Detailedreading4 keeptooneself Detailedreading keeptooneself remainprivate avoidmeetingotherpeople Shedoesn tgooutmuch shelikestokeeptoherself e g Detailedreading5 Malthusianlogic Detailedreading Malthusianlogic ThomasRobertMalthus 1766 1834 Britisheconomistandclergyman InEssayonPopulation 1798 hearguedthatwithoutthepracticeof moralrestraint thepopulationtendstoincreaseatagreaterratethanitsmeansofsubsistence unlesswar famine ordiseaseintervenesoreffortsaremadetolimitpopulation Detailedreading5 wager Detailedreading wager v amoreformaltermfor bet Shewagered 50onahorse IhadwageredagreatdealofmoneythatIwouldbeathim e g 1 wager sth onsth wagersth sb that betmoneyonsth 2 wager that usedtosaythatyouaresoconfidentthatsth istrueorwillhappenthatyouwouldbewillingtobetmoneyonit I llwagerthatsheknowsmoreaboutitthanshe ssaying e g Detailedreading6 plow Detailedreading plow v forceawayormakeatrack Atruckplowedintothebackofthebus Sheplowedherwaythroughthewaitingcrowds e g Spelling plow AmericanEnglish plough BritishEnglish Detailedreading7 lament lament v expressregretordisappointmentoversth consideredunsatisfactory unreasonable orunfair e g Inthepoemhelamentsthedestructionofthecountryside Detailedreading Synonym bemoan e g Sheshowsalamentablelackofunderstanding Derivations lamentable a verydisappointing regrettable lamentation n formal anexpressionofgreatsadnessordisappointment Detailedreading6 7 stakeaclaimto Detailedreading stakeaclaimto makeaclaimto stake v beassertiveindefininganddefendingapositionorpolicy e g Hestakedaclaimtothelandwherehe dfoundthegold Detailedreading6 7 annex Detailedreading annex v takecontrolandpossessionofland asmallcountry etc esp byforce takewithoutpermission Synonym occupy e g GermanyannexedAustriain1938 Thereareexamplesofpeopleoccupyingpublicsquaresandannexingthepavementnexttotheirlands Detailedreading8 beproportionalto Detailedreading beproportionalto increaseordecreaseatthesamerateastheotherthingincreasesordecreases sothatthereisalwaysthesamerelationshipbetweenthetwothings Derivation proportion n therelationshipofonethingtoanotherinsize amount etc e g Theoutputshouldbeproportionaltotheinput Asarulesuicideratesareproportionaltothesizeofthecity e g Theroomisverylonginproportionto relativeto itswidth Detailedreading8 self absorption Detailedreading self absorption thecharacteristicofthinkingaboutthingsconcerningoneselfwithoutnoticingotherpeopleorthethingsaroundhim Derivation self absorbeda Detailedreading1 sometiredvelvetrope sometiredvelvetrope Paragraph1 Explanation Here theword tired means drooping loosenedorslackened Detailedreading Detailedreading1 untilwewere untilwewereallhugger muggeragainsteachother theoriginallazylinehavingcollapsedinonitselflikeaSlinky Paragraph1 Paraphrase untilwewereallpushingagainsteachother leavingthelineindisorder Detailedreading Detailedreading2 Thephrase Thephrase personalspace hasaquaint seventiesringtoit Paragraph2 Paraphrase Thephrase personalspace soundsold fashionedandremindsoneoftheseventies Detailedreading Detailedreading4 I vewondered I vewonderedifit stheseason T shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluring ormuch muchless Paragraph4 Paraphrase ithaspassedthroughmymindthatmaybethecause ofthespaceinvasion istheseason summermaymakepeoplewanttobeclosertothosewhosephysicalattractionisrevealedbylightsummerclothing thoughitmayalsomakethemwishtomovefurtherawayfromthosesmellingunpleasantlyofperspiration Detailedreading Detailedreading4 Orperhaps OrperhapstheproliferationofcoffeebarsinManhattan isinfusingsomuchcaffeineintothealreadyjanglinglocalsthatpeoplecannolongerkeeptothemselves Paragraph4 Paraphrase OrperhapstheincreasingcoffeebarsinManhattan attractmoreandmorepeople whoarestimulatedandexcitedbythecaffeinetheytakein sothattheybecomeeagertomeetothersandnolongerwanttoremaininprivate Detailedreading Detailedreading5 weallow weallowallkindsofinvasionsofpersonalspaceinprivate Humanitywouldn texistwithoutthem Paragraph5 Paraphrase privatelyweallowpeoplewithwhomwehavecloserelati