英语本科毕业论文-情景教学法在小学英语教学中的运用.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除本科毕业论文情景教学法在小学英语教学中的运用学生姓名： 学生学号： 200310206073_ 院（系）： 外国语学院_ 年级专业： 2003级英语本科1班指导教师： 二七年五月The Application of the Situational Teaching Methodin the Elementary SchoolFeng TingmeiUnder the Supervision ofTang Guoping School of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007精品文档ContentsAbstractIKey wordsI摘 要II关键词IIIntroduction1I. The Appearance of the Situational Teaching Method3A. The Origin of the Situational Teaching Method3B. The Definition of the Situational Teaching Method3II.The Advantages of the Situational Teaching Method4A. Stimulus to Pupils Interest4B. Concentration on Pupils Attention5C. Enlivening the Atmosphere of Class6D. Increasing the Delight of Learning English6III. The Feasibility of the Situational Teaching Method6A. A Series of Scenes7B. Under the Conditions of the Multimedia7C. On the Basis of the Educational Reform of China7IV. The Application of the Situational Teaching Method8A. Cultivating the Students Interest81. Creating the Scenes of Life82. Learning Words in the Scenes93. With the Help of Actions9B. Using More English in Class10C. Based on Its Features11Conclusion14Acknowledgements15Bibliography16AbstractAlong with the development of Chinas economy, English becomes more and more important in peoples daily life. The English teaching method which is used in each stage receives a lot of attention. After Chinese educational system reform, the Situational Teaching Method comes into being. Till now it has got great achievements in the English teaching of elementary school. As for English teaching of the elementary school, it pays to focus attention on the Situational Teaching Method. The scenes originate from social practice. It is a product of peoples daily lives. It emphasizes the integration of the dynamic process and the life situation, pays great attention to students understanding of life, pays great attention to students ability development in the active process, and stimulates their interest from various aspects. It helps students to understand the teaching materials and develop students psychological functions through the scenes which can produce vivid images. The core of the Situational Teaching Method is to stimulate students emotion. Key wordsEnglish; the Situational Teaching Method; the Elementary School; Application摘要随着中国经济与社会的发展，英语在人们的日常生活中显得越来越重要。相继而来的各个阶段所采用的英语教学方法也在受到各方面的关注，情境教学法也随着中国教育体制的改革而出现，并在小学英语的教学中取得一定的成就，在中国的小学英语教学中，情境教学法是一种值得参考和采用的方法。情境来源于社会生活实践活动，是人们现实生活中的一种产物。它强调运动过程和生活情境的一体化，注重学生对活动的认识，注重学生在活动过程中能力的发展，从各方面激发学生自主学习的兴趣.它能通过在教学中产生生动形象的情景来帮助学生理解教材，并使学生的心理机能能得到发展的教学方法。情境教学法的核心在于激发学生的情感。关键词英语; 情景教学法; 小学; 运用IntroductionWith the development of the society, the education of China has met a series of challenges in the 21st century. The Examination-Oriented Education is out of date, because it heavily affects the interest of students in English learning. So many kinds of teaching methods start to be used in English teaching. The Situational Teaching Method becomes a popular foreign language teaching method gradually. The Situational Teaching Method refers to a kind of social environment which conveys the information in English and focuses on the scenes or context. Any language and communication activity can come true in some special scene. The pupils thinking is visualized, so teachers can provide a large quantity of audio-visual digital resources to create the atmosphere of English listening and speaking. It is well-known that the Situational Teaching Method is based on the theory of applied linguistics and uses some achievements of the structural linguistics. The scenes influence the sense organs of learners and make pupils have the motivation to communicate with others. Psychologists point out students learning motivation and their thirst for knowledge cannot appear naturally, while they depend on the teaching scenes which teachers set up. So teachers must usually set up kinds of scenes for students consciously. As for most of Chinese pupils who lacks English language learning atmosphere, it is necessary to create scenes for their English learning. English is used as a tool for communication, so it requires teachers to provide chances to speak through kinds of setting-up scenes. The Situational Teaching Method emphasizes on the abilities of students listening and speaking. Nowadays, people are overwhelmed by English, for example, even pupils begin to study English at an early age. Therefore, the teachers play an important role in English teaching and learning. Then how to choose a method is quite important during different periods. The educationists advocate a new theory that there are many teaching methods but no specific teaching method. The Situational Teaching Method is used in the elementary English teaching. To make it simple, the purpose of elementary English learning is “listening and speaking first, while reading and writing second”. In the English teaching, the educational model that is used by teachers in 40% elementary schools is the Situational Teaching Method, 80% teachers reply in the elementary schools is the oral sentence pattern drill, while only 15.43% teachers answer in the elementary school is “the written test-like exercises(Mei Deming, 2004.).From this survey, the Situational Teaching Method is suitable for pupils. How to arouse students interests and develop their abilities is a problem needing more care. Teachers can instruct students through imitating the real scenes in order to make students use what they have learnt in their everyday lives. It can be found that pupils can benefit a lot from the Situational Teaching Method. I. The Appearance of the Situational Teaching MethodEverything has the process of origin and development. Therefore, the Situational Teaching Method also develops step by step. Under the background of Chinas reform, the Situational Teaching Method is adopted by teachers gradually.A. The Origin of the Situational Teaching MethodThe Situational Teaching Method just follows some rules of linguistics. Situational language teaching is originally called Oral Approach, which is developed by British applied linguists from the 1930s to 1960s(Shu Dingfang,1999.), and it has provided guidance to many well-known EFL/ESL textbooks and courses, including New Concept English written by Alexander, which is still used in China and known by almost every Chinese English learner. In fact, most books on business English are compiled according to this method too. The theory of learning underlying Situation Language Teaching Method is behaviorism, addressing more the processes, than the conditions of learning. Palmer and Hornby are the main advocator of the Situational Teaching Method(Shu Dingfang，1999.). A good scene will create a harmonious atmosphere between teachers and students, and thus achieves a satisfactory effect. The Situational Teaching Method also has solid theoretical grounds in physiology, psychology, and linguistics.B. The Definition of the Situational Teaching MethodWhat is the Situational Teaching Method? It means creating and using many kinds of scenes to make students immerse themselves in the oral English environment which is abundant, natural or half-natural. Moreover, the method makes students have a direct contact with English-spoken countries culture. Therefore, they can receive massive language materials in the natural or artificial scenes to express the social, objective and subjective cognitions with the similar sentences so that their innermost feelings can be effectively expressed. And only under this kind of environment can the relation of the cognitions and the emotion be established. And only by this kind of means can the sentence structures be consolidated. It contains realistic scene, recollection scene, association scene, scenes transformation and scenes overlapping.In overseas, the Situational Teaching Method has already obtained success in English teaching.In other words, the Situational Teaching Method can be comprehended that in the English teaching process teachers establish teaching scenes through language descriptions, material object demonstrations, music exaggerations and so on to stimulate students study initiative and enthusiasm. The Situational Teaching Method brings students to the specific active environment which enables students to imagine emotionally and makes students have a superiority exciting center, thus the students can obtain the best attention, which stimulates students interest and guides the reassignment in study, or the exercises enthusiasm to enhance the quality and effect of English class. Students cognition has the situational connection. The specific scene influences not only students to understand significance of the activities to students but also the possibility of the activities; meanwhile it also affects students consciousness as well as the method of studying, and it makes the knowledge in students mind deeply.II.The Advantages of the Situational Teaching Method As for the Situational Teaching Method in the elementary school, there are many advantages. In fact, creating scenes is the essence of Situational Teaching Method, and pupils are interested in scenes. Therefore, creating scenes is the best advantage of the Situational Teaching Method which can stimulate students interest.A. Stimulus to Pupils Interest The Situational Teaching Method can motivate students to learn English. Stimulating pupils interest in learning is one of the important functions and purposes of the Situational Teaching Method. Raising students interest is a premise for teaching. There is a saying: Interest is the best teacher. It can make people concentrate on their work, and have enthusiasm, pleasant emotional experience for study. Teachers should be brimming with enthusiasm to teaching activities with superb teaching art to create an attractive teaching scene. Teaching scenes play an important role in inspiring pupils interest. How to inspire? Teachers can create and utilize language scenes. For example, in teaching sentences: I think so. / I agree. /I dont agree. Teachers can combine the knowledge with what students are interested in. In details, teachers may take the famous stars, singers. For example:T：I think Xiao Yanzi is very beautifu1She has big eyesDo you think so?S1：No. I dont agreeI dont think she is beautifu1But I think she is lovelyT：Do you think she is a good actor?S l：Yes ，I agreeT：Do you think Liu Dehua is a good singer?S2：Yes, I agreeAnd I think he is also a good actor.B. Concentration on Pupils Attention Scenes can draw students attention. Foreign language teaching can make students consistently remain attention. To make students focus on the study, teachers can not rely on orders and requirements, but depend on the scientific and artistic of teaching activities. Naturally students can be attracted by the contents. In teaching colors, teachers can use the classroom and various items of clothing, shoes, and hats. For example:T：What color is the chalk (blackboard，door，teachers desk etc.)?S：Its white(black，blue, orange etc)T：What color is his/her coat(sweater，pencil-box，bag etc.)?S：Its yellow (red，green，grey，white etc.)T：What color are the flowers (your desks，his trousers, her shoes etc.)?S：They are red(yellow，black，brown etc)On one hand students can concentrate on learning in such a scene. On the other hand students could understand natural and authentic meanings, and the English teaching procedure may become very vivid. C. Enlivening the Atmosphere of ClassThe situational teaching can make the classroom be in a good atmosphere. Creating a good atmosphere in the classroom is a key to motivate students and improve teaching quality. By using imaginative scenes in classroom teaching, the atmosphere can be reached climax. For example, through simulating call, asking for directions, shopping, buying tickets, and students can play a variety of roles, and repeat to use various words and sentences. The Situational Teaching Method provides a lot of opportunities to speak, so it can increase students interest in learning and activate classroom atmosphere.D. Increasing the Delight of Learning EnglishThe Situational Teaching Method can arouse students interests in class, because classroom teaching needs a lot of repeated actions. Simple duplication is easy to make students tired and fatigue, so teachers must change the ways to enhance interesting with similar contents. The scene in the classroom should be suitable for students age, psychological characteristics. For instance, teachers use pictures to create a scene of visual demonstration scene. and the focus must be on the proportion and color of the important people or event, but the background should not be conspicuous. The line drawings make students focus on essential content and enhance the teaching interesting. For instance, when teachers teach “upstairs and downstairs”, they can draw some pictures on the blackboard. When teachers teach the word “orange”, they can bring several oranges into class but not one. By such kind of means, the class can become more interesting. On such kind of occasion, students can freely talk with others in English. Eventually, teaching in classroom has to be closely coordination with the scenes, and students should be put into the certain situation. Moreover, students should have a close contact with the thing that a certain situation involved. III. The Feasibility of the Situational Teaching MethodWhy does it have feasibility? Because pupils are too young to understand the text. While the Situational Teaching Method can provide many scenes in which pupils are interested. Scenes can be set up according to the contents, the topics and the pupils characteristics. So it is flexible. A. A Series of Scenes There are many English teaching methods. Comparing with other methods, the Situational Teaching Method has its flexibility and feasibility. The Silent Way neglects teachers functions. It requires teachers to keep silent blindly, so it will be inevitable to influence teachers explanation of the textbook, even though it can make students bring their subjective initiative into play. The Direct Method is emphasized the spoken English too much and to deal with the problem of the foreign language teaching partly. But the Situational Teaching Method pays attention to cultivate the basic language skills in the English teaching on the basis of scenes. The Situational Teaching Method can make the contents changed from abstract to specific. B. Under the Conditions of the MultimediaMultimedia can bring both visual functions and acoustical functions into play by providing colorful pictures, interesting flashes and sounds. With the help of multimedia, students can get better acquainted with Standard English. The English class is much more attractive if multimedia is properly used. Students will enjoy more freedom by observation and imagination. For instance, when teaching “the musical instrument”, teachers can search for some pictures from the internet, such as, drums, piano, violin, flute and so on. These adoptions of multimedia aim to enliven the class atmosphere and help students assimilate new knowledge by means of vivid scenes. Therefore, teachers can get better effects by the multimedia and improve the quality of students English. C. On the Basis of the Educational Reform of ChinaThe Qualified education makes the aim of the elementary school changed. It is possible to adopt the Situational Teaching Method in the elementary school. Under the background, the purpose of primary schools English learning is to cultivate the interest of learning English, and it helps pupils to form a good habit to communicate with others. The Situational Teaching Method is such a method as can foster students to study English from passive attitude to active attitude. The Situational Teaching Method creates a good condition between teachers and students, and it also obtains a success during their interactions. Then pupils will gain more confidence and they will be able to speak English happily. For example, teachers will not demand pupils to spell the words when they study “apple”, but ask them to speak out when they see the real apple. So such a teaching method is more effective when teachers teach objects trough scenes.IV. The Application of the Situational Teaching Method The Situational Teaching Method can be used in every stage, but how to use it is the key point in the process of English teaching, especially in the elementary school.A. Cultivating the Students Interest Pupils are too young, so teachers will try their best to cultivate their interests. And pupils are also rational, and they will study these subjects which they are interested in. Therefore, teachers can make use of scenes to teach English in the primary school.1. Creating the Scenes of LifeWhat teachers need to do is to introduce real scenes into the classroom and provide students with opportunity of communication. For instance, there is a dialogue about visiting a friend. The dialogue can be played like this:A: May I come in?B: ( opening the door.)Oh，its you，ACome in, please (Next action) Sit down, please. Would you like coffee or tea? A: Coffee, please.B: Here you are.A: Thank you.The form of this dialogue is very close to life. When students talk about music and story, their enthusiasm is particularly high. They are eager to make dialogues on the basis of scenes. 2. Learning Words in the ScenesIt is well-known that human beings begin to know the world from fee