动词不定式的用法归纳.ppt

动词不定式的基本用法归纳 不定式由 to 动词原形 构成 其否定形式是 not nevertodo 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语 没有人称和数的变化 但有时态和语态的变化 不定式可以作主语 宾语 宾补 状语 表语和定语 但不能单独作谓语 不定式的逻辑主语有时用 for 名词或代词宾格 构成 不定式 1 作主语 2 作宾语 3 作宾语补足语 4 作定语 5 作状语 6 作表语 7 作独立成分 8 与疑问词等连用 1不定式作主语 subject Toseeistobelieve Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou It simportanttolearnEnglishwell 若不定式太长 往往用it作形式主语 不定式后置 单个不定式作主语时 谓语动词用单数 谓语动词用单数形式 Earlytoriseandearlytobedisagoodhabit Whenandwheretoholdthepartyhasn tbeendecided Whentoholdthepartyandwheretoholdtheparty beendecided haven t 2 作宾语 1 不定式作宾语的动词有许多 如want decide intend expect learn manage plan promise refuse threaten fail wish hope pretend choose等等 Imeantogothereatonce Ihopetofinishtheworkintime IplantogotoBeijingthissummer 2 不定式短语作宾语时 如果还带有宾语补足语 往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后 而用it作形式宾语 句型为 主语 find feel think believe consider etc it 形容词 名词 todosth Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere 3 不定式用在介词but except 后时 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式 那么介词后的不定式不带to 相反则带to 1 Shecoulddonothingbutcry 2 Thereisnothingtodobutwait 3 Ihavenochoicebuttogo 3 作表语 不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作 主语常常是表示意向 打算 计划的词 如wish idea task purpose duty job Toteachistolearn Myjobistohelpthepatient Myambitionistobecomeateacher Theoldmanseemstobesick 注意 如果在主语中 通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中 有实意动词do时 作表语的动词不定式省略to AllIwanttodonowisfillmystomach 4 作宾语补足语Heaskedmetogowithhim Hedidn tallowmetogooutalone 注意 在感官动词 see hear feel listento notice watch observe等 和使役动词let have make后的补足语中 不定式不带to 但这类句子变成被动语态时 必须带to Isawhimplayinthepark Hewasseentoplayinthepark Thebossmadethosemenworkdayandnight Thosemenweremadetoworkdayandnight Iheardhersingtoday Shewasheardtosingtoday 1 something anything nothing everything noone等不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语 e g Ihavesomethingtosay Heisnotamantotelllies Weallhaveachancetogotocollege 5 定语 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系 如不定式是不及物动词 则需加介词 Canyougivesomepaperto write Ihavenojewelryto wear Heislookingforaroomto live Heneedsafriendto play Therearethreepairsofshoesforyouto choose writeon wear livein playwith choosefrom 动宾关系 主谓关系 同位关系 2 当名词被thefirst thelast theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave 6 作状语 不定式作状语时 可表示目的 原因 结果或条件 如 不定式作目的状语时 常可与to inorderto soasto连用 Icameheretoseeyou 目的 Hegotupearlysoasnottobelate 不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语 Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer 不定式作结果状语常用如下句型 Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus Itissuchabigroomastoholdus Heissokindastohelpus such 形容词 名词 astodosthso 形容词 副词 astodosth Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere 结果 Heistoooldtoliftthebox 3 表示原因 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语 sorry surprised happy glad eager angry foolish right wrong slow quick rude cruel disappointed等 eg I mglad pleasedtoseeyou Weweresurprisedtohearthenews 4 独立结构作状语 tobefrank tobehonest withyou tomakethingsworse Totell you thetruth Idon tagreewithyou 类似的结构 8 不定式与疑问词who which when how what等连用 在句中起名词作用 可充当主语 表语 宾语等 Hedidn tknowwhattosay Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant Myquestioniswhentostart 注意 在与why连用时 只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中 后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to Whynothavearest 9 不定式的省略 1 不定式中的动词上文已出现过 下文要省略该动词 e g Wouldyouliketogowithme Yes I dliketo 2 不定式是tobe结构 be不可省 3 Ididn ttellhimthenews Oh yououghttohave toldhimthenews e g Wouldyouliketobeateacher Yes I dliketobe 1 Itisgoodtohelpothers 2 Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings 3 MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup Identifyitsfunction subject subject predicative 4 Idon thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself 5 Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake 6 Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme 7 MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam attribute attribute object object 8 Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife 9 SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed 10 Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople adverbial adverbial objectcomplement Exercise 1 Idon tknowwhetheryouhappen butI mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember 2004辽宁 A tobeheardB tobehearingC tohearD tohaveheard QuizII MultipleChoice 2 Thiscompanywasthefirst portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordsintheworld 2005上海春 A producingB toproduceC havingproducedD produced 3 thiscake you llneed2eggs 175gsugarand175gflour 2006广东 A HavingmadeB MakeC TomakeD Making 4 Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer Themorningairissogood 2008全国卷 A tobebreathedB tobreatheC breathingD beingbreathed 5 Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded Yes But it Ihadtoreadtheentirebook 2008北京卷 A tofindB findC tofindingD finding Ppany keepsbcompany ing6 that which7 Wpletely Passage2 1 like2 them3 before4 arebeingpolluted5 wonder6 and7 an8 strictest9 totake10 that which Passage3 1 crowded2 But3 an4 eating5 who that6 going Besides Mments9 recommended10 whatever Passage4 1 It2 viewers3 to4 But5 which6 performed7 the8 highlighting9 excited10 Though Although Passage5 1 lost2 a3 must4 that which5 because6 worse7 tostay8 in with9 saying10 wererescued Passage6 1 grew2 As3 called4 successful5 how6 that which7 what8 organization9 her10 the Passage7 1 the2 it3 but4 exactly5 embarrassing6 wastaking7 parking8 when9 should10 time Passage8 1 it2 wasasked3 saying4 a5 only6 physically7 who8 strengths9 whether10 important Passage9 1 their2 useless3 tomake4 beinspired5 a6 playing7 weight8 Besides Moreover9 that10 So Ppeting4 different5 generally6 which7 them8 with9 ancestors10 The Passage11 1 iscreated2 The3 actually4 from5 would 虚拟 6 tofigure7 idea8 waiting9 than10 while but Ppetitive8 when9 higher10 that which 结构 todo 否定 not nevertodo 二 时态与语态 不定式 todo tobedone tobedoing tohavedone tohavebeendone tohavebeendoing 不定式的时态 不定式的一般式todoIamgladtoseeyou Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney Theyarediscussingthemeetingtotakeplacetomorrow 表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生 或是在它之后发生 不定式的进行式tobedoing Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim HeissaidtobestudyinginAmerica 表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 不定式的完成式tohavedone Hehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore HeisbelievedtohavestudiedinAmerica 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前 Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport buthedidn tgetthereintime 表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped promised wanted wished expected planned 不定式的完成式tohavedone Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert 不定式的完成式在wouldlike后边表示未能实现的愿望 Exercises 1 Robertissaid study abroad butIdon tknowwhatcountryhewillstudyin 2 Robertissaid study abroad butIdon tknowwhatcountryheisstudyingin 3 Robertissaid study abroad butIdon tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin 不定式的语态 主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting Thenextthingtobedoneistogetourclassroompainted ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese Heissaidtohavebeenpraised Thequestionisverydifficult forme toanswer Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith Heishardtotalkto Theairishardtobreathe 1 主语 be adj todo 能用于此句型的形容词有 difficult easy fit hard pleasant tiresome 使人疲劳的 comfortable interesting nice heavy dangerous light important etc 一般认为形容词后省去了forsb 主动形式表被动意义的不定式 9 不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式 多数情况下是容易判断的 但有时的确比较复杂 Theboxislightenoughtocarry Theriverwateriswarmenoughtoswimin 2 主语 be adj enough todo Thebooksseemedtooheavytocarry Theiceistoothintoskateon 3 主语 be too adj todo 在therebe结构中 当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时 不定式用主动形式 如果说话人强调的事情本身必须完成 则用被动形式 Thereisalotofworktodo Somebodyhastodothework Thereisalotofworktobedone Theworkhastobedone 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时 不定式往往用主动形式 如 Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor Akeyunlocksthedoor 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系 又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时 不定式常用主动形式 Ihavegotalettertowrite Iwriteletter Heneedsaroomtolivein Helivesinaroom 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时 不定式一般要用被动形式 如 Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside Itispossibleforourhopestoberealized Doyouhaveanythingtowash Doyouhaveanythingtobewashed DoyouhaveanythingtobesenttoShanghai 几对易混淆的词组 stoptodosth 停下来去做某事doingsth 停止做某事forgettodosth 忘记去做某事doingsth 忘记已做了某事 remembertodosth 记得去做某事doingsth 记得曾经做某事 meantodo打算做某事doing意味着trytodo尽力做doing试着做considertobe认为 是doing考虑做某事can thelpdo不能帮着做某事doing忍不住做某事 1 Thepatientwaswarned oilyfoodaftertheoperation A toeatnotB eatingnotC nottoeatD noteating2 Iwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone3 CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer A toinventB inventingC tohaveinventedD havinginvented 4 LittleJimshouldlove tothetheatrethisevening A tobetakenB totakeC beingtakenD taking5 lateintheafternoon Bobturnedoffthealarm A TosleepB SleepingC SleepD Havingsleep6 Theteacheraskedus somuchnoise A don tmakeB notmakeC notmakingD nottomake 7 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning9 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim A nottoB nottodoC nottorideD donotto 10 Idon tknowwhetheryouhappen butI mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember A tobeheardB tobehearingC tohearD tohaveheard11 Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult notmakeB nottomakeC notmakingD don tmake12 I veworkedwithchildrenbefore soIknowwhat inmynewjob expectedB toexpectC tobeexpectingD expects 13 Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit A toseeB tobeseenC seeingD see14 ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows itwhattodowithB whattodowithitC whattodoitwithD todowhatwithit 1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福 arebothgreathappiness 2据说他已经完成了他的工作 Heissaid 3根据报道他们已安全到达 Theyarereported Toloveandtobeloved tohavefinished completed hiswork 翻译下面的句子 tohavearrivedsafely 4我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车 Iwantthisbike 5玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了 Maryseemed 6众所周知 奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌 Heisknown agoldmedalattheOlympics toberepairedatonce tohavebeentoldaboutit tohavebeengiven immediately 10 不定式符号to的保留问题有时为了避免重复 可以用t