新编大学英语3 课文翻译及习题答案 unit9.doc

Unit 9 MusicIn-Class Reading Music to Your Gear参考译文音乐与开车安迪埃利斯1 尽管音乐能使你胸中的怒气平息，但是开车时听音乐也会损害你的健康。近期研究表明，听声音很响的音乐会严重地影响司机的注意力，而且心理学家也提醒人们，不断地在车里放这种音乐是很危险的，尤其是处于车流中或在高速公路上开车时。2 音乐有两个极端，任何一个极端都有可能带来危险。重金属音乐以其强烈的节奏会使人莽撞驾驶，而聆听处于另一个极端的优美的、令人舒心的音乐，会使司机过分放松，以至于丧失安全意识，陷入迷迷糊糊的欲睡状态。3 英国汽车协会一直关注道路安全，它委托搞了一个项目，研究严重车祸与音乐之间的关系。这项研究发现，17至25年龄段的男人是最危险、最易产生车祸的群体。研究还发现，这个群体的人70%的开车时间都在听音乐。4 快节奏或重金属音乐要是放得很响，会使人易怒好斗，开起车来就会冲劲十足，这种司机也就更容易去冒险。开车的速度受到了音乐的速度和节奏的控制。5 在试验中，给那些自愿参加实验的司机听声音很响的音乐，他们说尽管他们不一定感到非要开快车，但的确发现自己换档更快了，加速也快了，刹车更急了。若是让这些司机听慢节奏的抒情曲，他们承认经常感到自己走神，他们在高速公路上长途开车时，至少有两位参试的司机发现自己不知不觉地在跨越车道标记。6 这些自愿参试的司机（有些刚刚拿到驾驶执照）所发表的意见非常说明问题。十八岁的西蒙告诉英国汽车协会，“走出地狱的蝙蝠里的快节奏摇滚乐真会让人送命的。我发现自己不知不觉地越开越快。”7 另一名自愿参试的司机一直在听ZZ Top乐队最流行的曲子，他说，“我一直在快速行驶，扯着嗓门唱歌，没有看见也没有听见那辆一直想超过我的消防车。”8 还有些人说：“我陷入了深思” “人的感觉会变得麻木” “听不见别的汽车是个问题”，“我一直在随着音乐的节奏加快速度。”9 一些慢节奏的背景音乐，如肖邦的音乐，会刺激人的大脑，使思维模式发生变化，激发阿尔法脑波，使人有一种舒服愉快的感觉。处于放松状态在大多数情况下对我们有好处，但开车时则不然。心理学家雪利费希尔教授提醒人们说：“最大的危险是疲劳驾驶。有些音乐会使你无法集中注意力，甚至陷入轻度睡眠状态，那样就会造成可怕的惨祸。”10 “问题的关键在于根据具体情况选择合适的音乐。刺激性的音乐适合在漫长、枯燥的道路上听，但是当交通状况糟糕时，或是交通拥挤时，这种音乐会分散你的注意力。”11 然而，音乐也有其好的一面，正如英国汽车协会的心理学家罗伯特韦斯特所指出的那样：“如果有些音乐影响我们安全行驶，那么反过来也是有道理的。精心选择的曲子会有助于我们安全行驶，尤其是对高风险的群体。例如，要是我们能使年轻的男性驾车者听曼陀瓦尼的音乐，他们很可能会把速度放慢。但可悲的是，我自认为没有能力说服他们许多人去这样做。”12 不仅某种音乐会影响行驶安全，我们的车里安装了高技术的音响系统这件事本身也是引起车祸的根源。近期一份有关交通与道路安全的报告表明，小的交通事故中，大约有40%是由于人们在更换磁带或光盘不看道路所引起的！13 无论我们对音乐的品位如何，无论我们的开车风格如何，看来安全行驶的习惯是我们一定要养成的。罗孚汽车公司、英国航空航天局、飞利浦公司及瑞典道路与交通研究所已通力合作生产一种汽车智能系统, 简称为ARIADNE（实时智能驾驶助理）的精密电子防撞行驶报警装置，它利用雷达技术，一旦面临撞车危险，雷达会使车内的电话响起，警告司机注意。14 如果汽车与前面的车辆之间的距离超出了安全刹车的范围，ARIADNE会通过加速器踏板发出震动以提醒司机放慢速度。随着两车之间的距离不断缩短，这种震荡会越来越强烈，要是司机对这种警告仍然无动于衷的话，发动机的运转就会中断，危险警告灯就亮起来。15 因此千万要记住：即便音乐是爱的食物，也要悠着点，尤其是在你开车的时候，这样我们大家就可以继续“播放”下去。After-Class Reading Songs of Love参考译文爱心之歌1 从很多方面来说，约翰贝尔茨可称得上是世界上最成功的歌曲作家。他写的每一首歌保证大受欢迎不是指在流行音乐排行榜上，而是在孩子的心中。原因是贝尔茨的每一首歌都是写给一位身患重病的孩子。他的歌总是能让孩子们露出笑容并振作精神。他们一遍遍地播放这些歌。这对于贝尔茨来说要比高居流行音乐排行榜有意义得多。2 三十八岁的贝尔茨是一个非营利组织“爱心之歌”的创始人和主席。这个组织由音乐家、歌曲作家、歌手和音响师自愿联合组成，创作反映孩子个性的独特而欢快的歌曲。贝尔茨掌管着这一组织，并在纽约市昆斯区父母家的地下室建立了一个小型的录音室。3 贝尔茨相信音乐有治疗效果。当一个成年人聆听一首自己喜爱的歌曲时，他会心情舒畅；那么当一个小孩听到一首专门为自己谱写的歌曲时，结果也会非常令人振奋。“爱心之歌”自1996年组建以来，为孩子们谱写、录音并发送了780首鼓舞人心的歌曲，这一切都是免费进行的。那些得到歌曲的孩子们，下至婴儿，上至青少年，全都处于生命的绝境，如有的身患癌症、有的要肾透析治疗、有的在等待器官移植等。他们大部分是美国60家医院的病人，那里的专家们定期要贝尔茨的歌，他们利用玩乐对儿童进行心理治疗。4 一些著名的音乐家，在听说了“爱心之歌”后，纷纷援助这个项目。有170位专业音乐人奉献才艺，其中有歌手洛妮斯佩克特、摇滚歌星罗杰多尔特里，以及百老汇音乐剧泰坦尼克号的全体演员。超级流行歌星比尔乔尔还为一个孩子写的歌做口头介绍。当然，大部分表演者尚未出名。纽约市的警察和一所中学的合唱团也录制过一些歌曲。5 “爱心之歌”的音乐风格迥异，有用脚尖击拍的欢快流行音乐、乡村音乐还有轻柔的歌谣和说唱乐。因为贝尔茨出生在巴西，会说西班牙语和葡萄牙语，有时他就用这两种语言录制歌曲。在为一个孩子谱写歌曲之前，家长或护士要填写一张表，告知有关该小孩的兴趣、爱好、家庭、宠物及其他喜爱的东西。然后贝尔茨将这张表交给已选定的歌曲家，他会将表中所列的这些细节编写到歌曲中。孩子的名字在整首歌中会多次提到。歌曲作者还会找歌手演唱这首歌，而且有可能的话，他们会用自己的设备录制，或者请当地愿意赞助的录音棚予以录制。结果表明，这是使孩子们感觉好的良方。当然，歌中是决不会提及小孩的病情的。6 贝尔茨有许多活页夹，放满了孩子和家长们的感谢信，信中描述了孩子第一次听到专门为他们创作的歌曲时的反应。这样的信令贝尔茨感到欣慰，因为这正是他所期待的。他创建“爱心之歌”是为纪念他的孪生兄弟胡里奥，一位音乐家、歌手和歌曲作家。在与精神疾病进行过一番抗争后，胡里奥于24岁自杀，他在死前的两个月曾写过一首伤感的歌谣，其中一句歌词为“要驱走恐惧，我们真正需要的是爱心之歌。”7 贝尔茨没有结婚，没有自己的孩子，他原先从未想过会为孩子们写歌。他说，有一天他走在街上，脑海里忽然出现了这个念头，并且马上感到自己会成功。他回家后打电话给田纳西州孟菲斯的圣裘德儿童研究医院，说他想为病重的孩子们写歌，但院方说他们不能公开病人的个人资料。不过他们说确有六张用于宣传的儿童照片，照片上附有少量的个人资料。如果贝尔茨觉得有用的话，他们同意将这些照片寄给他。贝尔茨收到了照片并在四天内写了六首歌。院方收到这些歌曲后，打电话高度赞扬了他。不久之后，一位身患癌症的小女孩的母亲打来电话向他致谢，随后女孩本人也打电话感谢他。就在这时，他明白了这就是他的职业。8 如今，贝尔茨与他的组织成员每月创作30至40首歌曲。不幸的是，有时歌曲还没送到，孩子已去世了，但孩子的父母仍然告诉他，此歌在悼念孩子的过程中是一种安慰。9 与大多数慈善事业一样，“爱心之歌”几乎一直缺少资金。为了节约开支，贝尔茨搬回家与退休的父母同住，他们也支持他的事业。他的长远目标是为所有年龄段的病人送上“爱心之歌”，包括住在养老院的老人和精神病患者。贝尔茨想方设法筹钱，他曾卖掉一张唱片及一盘磁带，上面录有21首儿童慈善歌曲，第22首歌便是他兄弟胡里奥自编自唱的“爱心之歌”。贝尔茨想下次出唱片时说服史蒂维旺德或保罗麦卡特尼演唱“爱心之歌”，这样就能保证基金会有一笔更可观的销售收入。同时，贝尔茨本人一直都是“爱心之歌”最多产的歌曲作家，确保了为病重的孩子写歌的所有要求都得到满足。课内阅读练习答案 Part One Preparation1. Contest - See Who Can Name the MostLists for reference:1) Musical instruments: piano, violin, viola, cello, mouth organ, flute, saxophone, guitar, drum, trumpet, accordion, electronic keyboard, oboe, clarinet, harp;2) Well-known composers: Beethoven, Bach, Mozart, Gershwin, Chopin, Strauss, Brahms, Schubert, Debussy, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Haydn, Liszt, Tschaikovsky, Dvorak, Verdi, Vivaldi; 3) Varieties of music: classical, country, light, jazz, blues, heavy metal, soul, spiritual (religious), rock, pop, folk, rap, ballad, swing, sonata, symphony, patriotic, military.4) Ways that music can be performed: individually (solo) or in groups (duet, trio, quartet, chorus, choir, etc.). 2. Sing Along1) MOON RIVER Moon River, wider than a mile,Im crossing you in style some day.You dream maker; you heart breaker,Wherever youre going, Im going your way.Two drifters, off to see the world,Theres such a lot of world to see.Were after the same rainbows end, Waiting round the bend.My huckleberry friend, Moon River, and me.Someone Like YouI heard that youre settled down. That you found a girl and youre married now. I heard that your dreams came true. Guess she gave you things, I didnt give to you. Old friend, why are you so shy? Aint like you to hold back or hide from the lie. I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited. But I couldnt stay away, I couldnt fight it. Id hoped youd see my face and that youd be reminded, That for me, it isnt over. Never mind, Ill find someone like you. I wish nothing but the best for you too. Dont forget me, I begged, I remember you said:- Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead, yeah. You know how the time flies. Only yesterday was the time of our lives. We were born and raised in a summer haze. Bound by the surprise of our glory days. I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited. But I couldnt stay away, I couldnt fight it. Id hoped youd see my face & that youd be reminded, That for me, it isnt over yetNever mind, Ill find someone like you. I wish nothing but the best for you, too. Dont forget me, I beg, I remember you said:- Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead Nothing compares, no worries or cares. Regrets and mistakes theyre memories made. Who would have known how bittersweet this would taste? Never mind, Ill find someone like you. I wish nothing but the best, for you too. Dont forget me, I begged, I remember you said:- Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead Never mind, Ill find someone like you. I wish nothing but the best, for you too. Dont forget me, I beg, I remember you said:- Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead, yeah. 3)Let It BeWhen I find myself in times of troubleMother Mary comes to me Speaking words of wisdom,Let it be.And in my hour of darkness She is standing right in front of me,Speaking words of wisdom,Let it be. (Repeat)Whisper words of wisdom, let it be.And when the broken-hearted people Living in the world agree There will be an answer,Let it be.For though they may be parted There is still a chance that they will see,There will be an answer,Let it be. (Repeat)There will be an answer, let it be.And when the night is cloudy,There is still a light that shines on me,Shine until tomorrow,Let it be.I wake up to the sound of musicMother Mary comes to meSpeaking words of wisdom,Let it be. (Repeat)There will be an answer, let it be.Part Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingPre-Reading 1. 1) When and where do you listen to music?Samples When I am studying;- am working;- am doing homework;- feel happy;- feel sad;- feel lonely;- am going to sleep;- go jogging;- am doing monotonous jobs. When I am at home;- in the dormitory;- in the classroom;- in a bus/train/car, etc.;- on the way to class/the cafeteria/library/dorm.2) What function does music play in our daily lives?It creates a nice atmosphere for work, study, conversation, etc.;- cheers someone up when they feel sad;- puts people in the right mood; - eases ones mind in difficult situations;- makes ones mind work more efficiently and respond more quickly.Post- ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the organization1) Introduction: (Para.1)Music may calm you down but it can also lead to traffic accidents.2) Effect of music on drivers: (Para.2-9)A. Argument: Both extremes of music can result in risk. (Para.2)Music with a strong beat leads to aggressive driving.Soothing and melodious music makes drivers relaxed and sleepy.B. Supporting Evidence (Para.3-9):a. Introduction to the research (Para.3):Sponsor: British Automobile AssociationSubjects: Volunteer drivers, including newly qualified ones.Findings: i. Men in the 17-25 age bracket were the most dangerous and accident-prone group.ii. Men in this group listen to music for seventy percent of the time they are on the move. b. The pace of the driving is governed by the pace and beat of the music (Para.4-5): i. Drivers subjected to loud music find themselves making faster gear changes, accelerating more quickly and braking more abruptly.ii. Drivers subjected to slow ballads often find their attention wandering.iii. Comments by the volunteer drivers (Para.6-8):i) Simon told the AA that the fast rock music was potentially lethal.ii) Another volunteer said that he was speeding along singing loudly without noticing the fire engine behind his car while listening to ZZ Tops music.iii) Other comments: “I get lost in my own thoughts” “Its possible to suffer a dulling of the senses” “Not hearing other vehicles is a problem”c. Slower music stimulates a change in a persons brain pattern. (Para.9)i. It encourages Alpha waves.ii. It induces a feeling of well-being.iii. Prof. Shirley Fishers warning: Some music can lull you into concentration loss, or even mini-sleep, which can cause horrific accidents.3) An analysis of the effect of music on driving: (Para.10-12)A. Selecting your music to suit the conditions (Para.10-11):a. Stimulating music can be useful on long boring roads, but it can distract you when traffic conditions are difficult, or traffic is heavy. b. According to Dr. Robert West, carefully selected music may improve our driving, particularly in the high risk group.B. High-tech music systems built into our cars also cause accidents (Para.12).A recent traffic and road safety report showed that 40% of minor road accidents were caused by people taking their eyes off the road to change a cassette or disc.4) A car intelligence system: (Para.13-14):A. Its producers: Rover, British Aerospace, Philips and Swedens Road and Traffic Research Institute.B. Its name: Application of Real-Time Intelligent Aid for DrivingC. Its working principle: Its a sophisticated electronic system which takes advantage of radar to warn the driver when a collision is possible.D. Its ways to warn the driver:a) It sends a vibration through the accelerator pedal to warn the driver to slow down.b) If early warnings go unheeded, the engine cuts out and the hazard warning lights go on.5) Conclusion: (Para.15)Music lovers should be careful when driving. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) FVocabulary 1. 1) stimulate 2) distract 3) qualify/be qualified 4) induce 5) accelerate 6) soothe 7) overtaken 8) wander 9) combine 10) commissioned2 1）C 2) D 3) A 4) C 5) A 6) C 7) C 8) ATranslation1. Many people took advantage of the local workforces and environmental conditions to start up a few new factories.2. I feel inclined to congratulate her on her performance tonight, but her interest has changed again to speak of Egypt. 3. Im sure her illness was brought on partly by the worry of all that was happening.4. The problem is that the employer is apt to underestimate the value of direct discussion with his employees.5. What they had been doing resulted in the discovery of a cure for cancer.6. Comparatively speaking, we are more concerned with work efficiency and product development.7. The doctors once said to us that the surgery could induce heart attack. 8. Although we may be qualified to work for the project, we can not really be considered top-class scientists.After-Class ReadingPart Three Further Development1. Enriching Your Word Power 1) C 2) B 3) B 4) A 5) A 6) B 7) B 8) C2 Music and YouSTEP ONE My Favorite Music or Musician 1) What kinds of music do you prefer? Why?Sample - I prefer light music because it makes me feel relaxed. Light music also creates a peaceful environment. By listening to light music I can be in good mood and get prepared to do what is on my agenda. - I prefer rock music because it makes me excited and energetic. I feel as if Im full of renewed vigor and can do any hard work. - I prefer country music because it is beautiful and puts me in a light mood. - I like pop music because it is easy to follow and is closely related to our daily lives.- I like folk music because it often tells a story about ordinary people.- I prefer Chinese pop music because it is closer and more meaningful to me. Very often I feel as if I were the singer and my feeling changes as the music does. - I like love songs because they are romantic. It arouses our imagination and touches the deep part of our heart. - My favorite piece of music is jazz because it is the kind of music for all moods. My favorite jazz piece is My Favorite Things by John Coltrane.- The music that I like most is the piano instrumental. The person who listens to instrumental music can try to understand what message the composer is trying to convey through his composition. -My favorite song is James Taylors The Water is Wide. Every time I hear it, I feel as if Im in a different place, where people walk in the streets heartbroken, but with the hope that life will be kind to them again. There is something comforting in the song that leaves me confident that whatever hardship Im facing, other people have faced it before, and it can be overcome anyway. 2) Which composers and/or singers do you like most? Why?Sample - Among the composers, I like Beethoven the most. I like his symphonies, especially his Fifth Symphony. It is thought-provoking. Whenever I feel unhappy and cant find a way out of a difficult situation, I will listen to his music.- Among the singers, I like Mariah Carey the best. I like her songs, and I like her voice.- I like Michael Bolton, especially his “Said I Love You, but I Lied.”- I like Richard Marx because he is handsome, versatile and sexy. 3) Does music affect your mood? If so, how and what types of music?Sample- Music does affect my mood. When I feel stressed or exhausted after a days hard work, I often listen to light music, country music, classical music, or folk music to relax myself.- When I feel sad and dont feel like doing anything, I will listen to some pop music or rock music to pick me up. - Music moves me in many ways but the most unforgettable experience I have had was listening to a piece of Mahlers. At one point the string section builds up to a high note which is so exquisitely haunting and sad that tears streamed down my face. I now know that he wrote this music about the death of his child and I find it amazing that this emotion could be conveyed so clearly. In most cases, music makes me happy to be alive.- Music keeps me in touch with my inner part, another real life. It reminds me of the basics necessary for a healthy heart. While we are all rushing around from day to day it is too easy to be busy getting it all done and we forget to take good care of ourselves and keep in touch with each other often enough. Music takes us away from the busy physical world and provides an easy way to reach the soul.STEP TWO Music Party (The teacher can choose one or two music fans in the class to give a music party and let the fans choose a couple of their classmates to help them with the work.)STEP THREE InterviewDirections: Suppose you were the singer/band/composer you have just introduced, and let the other students interview you.Questions that may be asked:1) Where are you from?2) Why did you decide to become a musician?3) Which composers/singers do you admire most and try to learn from?4) When did you start to compose music of your own?5) Since you are so famous, you must have a lot of fans. Can you say something about them?6) As we all know, youre becoming more and more famous in recent years. Whats your secret weapon for success?7) What do you think about recorded music and live performance? 8) Some youngsters take famous singers as their role models and try to imitate them in any way they can. What do you think of this?9) Can you say something about your first song?10) When was your first concert held?11) What is the main theme of your music?12) What will you play for the students at your Saturday concert?13) How are you preparing for the forthcoming concert?14) What is the source of your creativity?15) What is your plan for the immediate future?16) What will you be doing in five years time?17) Why did you decide to hold a concert at our university?18) Do you have a girl friend? (If the answer is positive,) Can you say something about her?19) What do you think is the most important quality for being a famous singer?20) Can you say something about your hobbies and interests?STEP FOUR Music ReportSampleFrank White is an extraordinarily fascinating musician. Being a music talent, he started to write some easy songs when he was a little child. By the time he entered a music school, he alre