英语动词可以分为延续性动词和终止性动词

英语动词可以分为延续性动词和终止性动词 一 延续性动词 延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续 而且可以产生持久的影响 常见的这 类动词有 be have keep know learn lie live read sing sleep stand stay wait walk watch 等 延续性动词的用法很广 但常见于现在完成时中的 句子中 且常与 for how long since 等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语 从句连用 例如 1 I have learned more than 1 000 Chinese words since I came to China 自从来到中国 我已经学会了 l 000 多个汉字 2 We have lived in Linqing since we came here 自从来到这儿 我们就一直 住在临清 3 I have kept the picture for about three years 这张画我保存了大约三年 二 终止性动词 终止性动词又称为瞬间动词或非延续性动词 它表示的动作不能延续 也就 是说动作一旦发生就立即结束 并产生某种结果 常见的这类动词有 accept arrive become begin borrow break buy catch close com e die end fall finish get give go join leave put reach receive shut start stop 等 终止性动词用在现在完成时要注意下面三点 一 终止性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成 例如 1 They have reached Shanghai 他们已经到达了上海 2 Has he gone to London 他已经到伦敦去了吗 二 终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂 不能持续 所以 在现在完成时中 一般不能和以 since for 等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用 例如 1 那老人已经死了一周了 The old man has died for a week 误 2 他三天前就已经来这儿了 He has come here since three days ago 误 在以上两句中 die 和 come 都是终止性动词 可用于现在完成时 但不能与以 since 或 for 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用 那么 上面两个句子应该怎样译 成英语呢 请看下面四种译法 1 把终止性动词改为延续性的动词 例如 The old man has been dead for a week He has been here since three days ago 2 把原句中的一段时间改为表示 过去 的时间 时态由现在完成时改变成一般 过去时 例如 The old man died a week ago He came here three days ago 3 用 It is 时间 since 句式 例如 It is has been a week since the old man died It has been is three days since he came here 4 用 多长时间 has passed since 句式 例如 A week has passed since the old men died Three days had passed since he came here 三 有关特殊终止性动词的用法 1 在 while 表示一段时间 引导的从句里 谓语动词不能使用终止性动词 但 可以把 while 改成 when 这样 从句里的谓语动词就可以使用终止性动词了 因为 when 既可以表示时间的 点 又可以表示时间的 段 例如 While he got to America he found his English Was very poor 误 When he got t0 America he found his English was very poor 正 2 终止性动词的否定式与 until 连用时 意为 直到 才 不到什么时间 不 等 例如 Don t get off until the bus stops 车未停稳 切勿下车 3 终止性动词不可以与 how long 引导的句式连用 例如 How long have you borrowed the magazine 误 When did you borrow the magazine 正 How long have you kept the magazine 正 延续性动词的用法特征 1 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时 其完成时态可与表示 段时间 的状语连用 表示 段时间 的短语有 for two years during the past three years since last year how long 等 如 I have learned English since I came here 自从我来到 这儿就学英语了 2 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的 点时间 状语连用 如 It rained at eight yesterday morning 误 rain 为延续性动词 而 at eight 表示 点时间 前后显 然矛盾 如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作 可以借助 come begin get 等 终止性动词来表示 上句可改为 It began to rain at eight yesterday morning 瞬间动词 也叫终止性 结束性动词 表示动作的结果 或表示短暂性 一次 性的动作 如 close leave buy join become begin fall 掉下 fall ill 病倒 get to know come go see hear hear from catch a cold 等 这类动词可以 用于完成时 但在一般情况下 不能加上表示一段时间的状语或疑问词 但是在否定句中 瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语 连词连用 它的含 义是好长时间没进行这个动作了 没进行此动作的状态就可以延续 延续性 live eat drink lie sit sleep walk run talk chat wear wash brush bathe breathe do m ake write speak use travel ride play swim climb sing laugh smile continue last wait stay work have look listen watch cook 瞬间性 open close turn get arrive reach leave move come go buy sell borrow lend ju mp break die put on put off stop solve pay refuse see hear find 终止性动词 延续性动词 borrow keep buy get have move to live be in at receive get a letter from hear from have a letter from begin start to do doget turn become adj be adj die be dead open be open close be closed wake be awake fall ill be ill fall asleep get to sleep be asleep get up be up turn on off be on off begin start 开演 be on finish end complete be over come get arrive here be here go get arrive there be there leave start 出发 be away come go get back return be back come to go to get to arrive in arrive at reach be in at go to school be at school be a student join the army be in the army be a soldier join the Party be in the Party be a Party member be a member of the Party 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换 leave be away borrow keep buy have begin start be on die be dead finish be over join be in 组织机构 be a member of 组织机构 open sth keep sth open fall ill be ill get up be up catch a cold have a cold come here be here go there be there become be come back be back fall asleep be asleep get to arrive reach be in leave be away from get to know know go get out be out put on wear catch a cold have a cold 等 例 The old man died 4 years ago The old man has been dead for 4 y