动词不定式做主语-宾语-及双宾语结构

1 动词不定式动词不定式 the infinitive 用法梳理 用法梳理 1 1 定义 定义 动词不定式是由 不定式符号 to 动词原形 构成的一种非谓语动词结构 结构 结构 to 动词原形 即 to do 其中 to 不是介词 而是动词不定式的符号 动词不定式没 有人称和数的变化 否定形式为否定形式为 notnot nevernever toto dodo 句法功能 句法功能 一 一 用作主语用作主语 多数情况用 it 作形式主语 把真正的主语把真正的主语 动词不定式置于句末动词不定式置于句末 特别是不定式短语较长时 1 E g To learn English well is not easy It s not easy to learn English well 1 I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems 2 The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother 动词不定式作主语 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 2 To see is to believe 眼见为实 百闻不如一见 翻译 成为一个老师是我的梦想 疑问词疑问词 不定式短语不定式短语作主语可置于句首 3 3 How to learn English well is important 补充补充 用 用 it 作形式主语 把真正的主语不定式置于句后 常用于下列句式中 如 作形式主语 把真正的主语不定式置于句后 常用于下列句式中 如 It be 名词 名词 to do It s our duty to take good care of the old It takes sb some time to do How long did it take you to finish the work It be 形容词 形容词 for sb to do 逻辑主语逻辑主语 It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour It be 形容词 形容词 of sb to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says 注意 在在 中中 常用表示客观情况的形容词 如 difficult easy hard important impossible necessary 等 在在 中中 常用 careless clever good foolish honest kind lazy nice right silly stupid wise 等 表示赞扬或批评的词 强调对人的评价 在不定式前的 sb 可看作其逻辑主语 这一句式有时相当于 Sb is 形容词 形容词 to do 句式 如 It s kind of you to help me with my English You are kind to help me with my English It seems appears 形容词 形容词 to do It seemed impossible to save money 2 练习 1 It s very nice of them send me the flowers 2 become a teacher is my dream 3 It s very important to learn English well 同义句转换 English well very important 4 It s our duty the room every day A to clean B cleaned C clean D cleans 5 It s hard for us English well A Learn B learns C to learn D learning 6 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间 It will the workers over a year the flyover 7 It s very nice you to get me two tickets the World Cup A for of B of for C to for D of to 二 二 用作宾语用作宾语 1 可以接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有 在 want like agree hope wish learn begin start seem decide hate choose forget remember 等动词后面 可以接不定式作宾语 练习 1 在课文中找出后接不定式做宾语的词并归纳 单词不定式及其否定形式单词不定式及其否定形式 19 210 311 412 513 614 715 816 练习 2 1 They want save time by using shorter words and phrases 2 It s time for class Please stop talk 3 I d like go to the Temple of Heaven 4 We decided at the end of this month A travelB not start outC to leaveD going 5 The teacher told us in bed A Don t readB read not C to not read D not to read 2 动词动词 feel find make think 等后面 可以用等后面 可以用 it 作形式宾语代替真正的宾语作形式宾语代替真正的宾语 动词不定式 动词不定式 句子结构是 feel find make it adj n to do 如 I find it difficult remember everything I find it a good way 提高 my English 3 及物动词及物动词 不定式一般形式 不定式一般形式 谓语动词 vt 不定式 作宾语 说 明 want 想 try 试图 decide 决定 would like 想要 hope 希望 love 喜爱 learn 学 会 agree 同意 fail 失败 未能 wish 希 望 无 help 帮助 to 可以省略 begin 开始 start 开始 hate 憎恨 也可跟动名词 意义变化不大 forget 忘记 remember 记得 like 总爱 to do 也可跟动名词 意义变化较大 及物动词及物动词 疑问词疑问词 不定式 不定式 谓语动词 vt wh 疑问词 不定式 作宾语 说明 tell 告诉 show 显示 know 知道 ask 问 find out 发现 understand 明白 learn 学会 forget 忘记 remember 记得 teach sb 教某人 what where how to do who which 不定式疑问 形式还可以 作句子的主 语 表语等 注意 注意 后跟不带后跟不带 to 的动词做宾语补足语的词 的动词做宾语补足语的词 see sb do sth watch sb do sth make sb do sth have sb do sth let sb do sth 巩固练习巩固练习 1 Let him a rest I think he must be tired after the long walk A hasB have C to have D having 2 the computer is a problem A How to use B What to use C Where to use D Which to use 3 The teacher told us in bed A don t readB read notC to not read D not to read 4 The TV set is too loud Will you please A turn down it B turn it downC to turn it down D to turn down it 5 It s cold outside You had better your coat A to put onB putting on C puts on D put on 二 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1 It took half an hour get to the World Park from Kitty s school 2 It was interesting see so many places of interest from all over the world 3 They want save time by using shorter words and phrases 4 Kitty s classmate Daniel taught himself how make a home page 5 He put his photos on it for everyone look at 6 Help him put the photos in the correct order 归归 纳纳 及及 注注 意意 4 7 He made the girl cry yesterday 双宾语双宾语 定义 定义 当一个句子中出现两个动作的承受着 一个是物 一个是人 采用下列表达方式 动词动词 人人 物物 动词动词 物物 介词介词 人 人 此时 人人为间接宾语 物物为直接宾语 这两个宾语称为 双宾语双宾语 结构 结构 及物动词及物动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语 或 及物动词及物动词 直接宾语直接宾语 to forto for 间接宾语间接宾语 例子 例子 I give you a rose 主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 I give a rose to you 主语 动词 判断 I passed him an apple I passed an apple to him 辨析点 双宾语结构为 及物动词及物动词 直接宾语直接宾语 to forto for 间接宾语间接宾语 时 时 根据动词不同 介词有时为 to to 有时为 forfor 其 中 to 侧重指动作的方向 表示表示 朝着 向着 对着朝着 向着 对着 其中 for 侧重 指动作的受益者 表示 为了为了 替 替 常见搭配 to to forfor give sb sth give sth to sb buy sb sth give sth for sb send sb sth send sth to sb make sb sth give sth for sb show sb sth show sth to sb cook sb sth give sth for sb teach sb sth teach sth to sb lend sb sth lend sth to sb 巩固练习 1 Can you explain A this problem to me B me problem C to me problem D m