北京市2020届英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类B卷

第 1 页 共 19 页 北京市北京市 20202020 届英语中考复习专项训练 阅读理解 三 届英语中考复习专项训练 阅读理解 三 说明议论类说明议论类 B B 卷卷 一 一 阅读理解阅读理解 共共 1010 题 共题 共 8282 分分 1 8 分 阅读理解 Animals can move from place to place but plants cannot When an animal is under attack it can run away or fight back Plants certainly cannot run away and they have no teeth or claws But plants can protect themselves in both physical and chemical ways Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away For example the leaves of the holly 冬青 have sharp prickles 刺 that discourage grass eating animals Holly leaves on lower places have more prickles than leaves on upper places This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach Some plants such as the oak trees 橡树 have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat Some grasses may contain a sandy material and eating such grasses wears down the animals teeth Many plants also have chemical defenses Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter 苦 or cause an unpleasant reaction Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals When a worm bites a tobacco leaf 烟叶 the leaf produces a chemical smell Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses A certain plant in China for instance has prickly leaves and each prickle has poisonous water 毒液 Only one experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future 1 What can a plant do when it is under attack A It can protect itself B It can run away C It can fight back D It must die 2 Why do the leaves of the holly have sharp prickles according to the passage A Because they are beautiful to watch B Because they stop people from picking 第 2 页 共 19 页 C Because they stop grass eating animals D Because they are lower 3 How does an oak tree protect itself A It has leaves with sharp prickles B It has leaves with a sandy material C It has thick and hard leaves D Its leaves taste bitter 4 What does the underlined word sandy mean in Chinese A 含盐的 B 坏掉的 C 含沙的 D 腐烂的 5 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage A The holly has thick and hard leaves B The oak tree has leaves with poisonous water C A plant has only one kind of way to protect D A tobacco leaf produces a chemical smell 2 8 分 阅读理解 The Garbage 垃圾 Project started at the University of Arizona in 1973 Since then the students and teachers in it have studied the modern garbage in different cities To study the garbage the students had to travel to landfills 填埋场 the places where cities bury 填埋 their garbage While the students were studying the garbage they wore special clothes Students were very careful when they opened bags of garbage 第 3 页 共 19 页 One important thing the students have learned from studying the garbage is that the garbage in landfills disappears very slowly That was surprising to both the students and many scientists who had thought that about 70 of the garbage in landfills would disappear quickly Even in cities where it rains a lot the students found newspapers from 1948 40 year old hot dogs and vegetables from 1970 And the students also found many more empty bottles of cola than they expected How to dispose of our garbage well depends on what kind of garbage it is regular 普通的 garbage dangerous materials or recyclable materials such as newspapers and glass bottles Regular garbage goes to regular landfills Dangerous materials are harmful to people s health and the environment They shouldn t go into regular landfills Homes are full of dangerous waste One kind of the dangerous waste in homes is batteries When batteries are buried directly 直接地 in a landfill they often break open The poison inside them moves through rain water to the bottom of the landfill Then it can pollute the natural water in the ground Another dangerous waste from homes is motor oil When people pour old motor oil on the ground or throw it in the garbage it pollutes the environment Our garbage problem is not new but as the world s population continues to grow it will become a bigger and bigger problem 1 The Garbage Project started at the University of Arizona in A 1973 B 1970 C 1948 D 1940 2 To study the modern garbage the students had to do many things except A Wearing special clothes B traveling to landfills C burying the garbage themselves 第 4 页 共 19 页 D opening bags of garbage 3 The underlined words dispose of in Paragraph 4 means A crash into B deal with C worry about D put up 4 From the article we know old motor oil A should go to regular landfills B isn t harmful garbage C mustn t be poured on the ground D never pollutes the environment 5 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage A There are only two kinds of dangerous waste in homes B Scientists thought about 70 of the garbage in landfills would disappear slowly C The students found empty bottles of cola were not as many as they expected D Batteries often break open when they are buried directly in a landfill 3 6 分 阅读理解 Some American Indians grew corn sunflowers beans and pumpkins in their gardens To prepare a garden they first killed trees Some Indians put a dead fish into the hole where they planted the corn in order to provide food for the corn plant The Indians made little progress 进步 during the thousands of years before the Europeans came One reason for this was that horses cows sheep pigs and chickens were not found in America Without horses the Indians had a hard time digging up the soil and they could only get animal 第 5 页 共 19 页 food by hunting Another reason for their lack of progress was that they did not know how to use metals to make tools Stones and flat bones do not make good tools Indian hunters would sometimes hunt for days without finding anything They learned to follow animal tracks 足迹 They learned to listen In order to get close to their prey the Indians had to move quietly When they were close enough they could shoot their arrows Often the prey got away The Mayas were Indians They were much more civilized 文明的 than American Indians The Mayas were great builders They knew how to write down their words and some of their books still exist 1 The dead fish in the story was used to A kill trees B provide food for the corn plant C frighten animals D keep the corn fresh 2 What does the second paragraph tell us A Problems the Indians had B How poor the Indians were C Reasons for the Indians lack of progress D Indian farming and hunting 3 The Indians made tools out of A metals B glass C the bones of horses and cows D stones and bones 第 6 页 共 19 页 4 The Indians moved quietly so that they A would get close to their prey B would not leave some tracks C could look at wild animals better D could follow animal tracks 5 What s TRUE about the Mayas A They couldn t find animals B They came to Europe years ago C They knew how to write down their words D They were less civilized than American Indians 4 8 分 阅读理解 Choose the best answer My favorite area in Britain is a country called Northumberland in the north east of the country I like it because it has mountains the sea and history The mountains are not very high In China you would probably call them hills rather than mountains as they are less than 1 000 meters high but there is something wild about these mountains you get a feeling of space and freedom You can walk for miles without meeting another person Northumberland is full of history There are seven castles some of them were ruined and the others still there as they were centuries ago You can find graves going back to prehistoric 史前 的 times and strange carvings on rocks which nobody understands The coast line is dramatic too with beautiful sandy beaches These beaches are rarely crowded because the weather is unpredictable and the North Sea is very cold People don t go for seaside holidays to Northumberland because of the cold sea and weather so even in high season there aren t many tourists There is an island called Holy Island off the coast of Northumberland you can get to the island by car or on foot when the tide is out There is also one castle I particularly like It is a 14th century castle which stands on a cliff right by the sea The castle is almost completely ruined but it looks dramatic and romantic because you can still see the gate and two of its owners 第 7 页 共 19 页 On a summer s day you can lie on the beach nearby and let your mind wander as you look at this dream like castle On a winter s day you can walk to the castle and watch the waves crash into the cliff wondering how this castle has stood so long against the forces of nature I once said to a friend of mine that I thought this castle by the sea was the most beautiful place in the world She laughed and said there must be many more dramatic places in the world In one way I m sure she s right but for me it s not just about what a place looks like it s about what it says to you 1 In China people probably call them mountains which are 1 000 meters high A less than B nearly C more than D almost 2 How are the seven castles in Northumberland A They are modern and fantastic B They are all complete and magnificent C Some hasn t changed at all for centuries D Some are full of strange carvings 3 Not many people visit the beautiful beach because of A the soft sands B the cold sea and weather C the warm sea D the island nearby 4 Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the reason why the author likes the 14th century castle 第 8 页 共 19 页 A It was built in the 14th century on a cliff right by the sea B It looks very dramatic and romantic with two towers but no gate C The author can let his mind wander as he looks at this dream like castle D The author can walk to the castle and watch the waves crash into the cliff 5 From the last paragraph in the passage we know A the author s friend agreed on his opinion about the castle B the author doesn t think there are many more dramatic places in the world C the author s friend pays no attention to the beautiful scenery D what the author cares is not only the scenery but also the feeling he can get from it 6 You can get the passage from the following materials EXCEPT A science fiction B journals C newspapers D magazines 5 10 分 Visit the United Nations Headquarters in New York US Hours Monday to Friday 9 45 am to 4 45 pm Prices Adults 16 00 The United Nations Headquarters 联合国总部 Senior Citizens 60 and older 11 00 第 9 页 共 19 页 Students with valid ID 11 00 Children 5 12 years old 9 00 1 The United Nations Headquarters is in A London B New York C Sydney D Paris 2 The United Nations Headquarters opens from Monday to A Sunday B Saturday C Friday D Thursday 3 The price for children is A 9 B 11 C 12 D 16 6 8 分 阅读理解 Amy is a biologist working at a marine 海洋的 park These kinds of parks provide fun and education for tens of thousands of people each year Amy takes care of many animals in the park but she also does important research As she observes the animals that she looks after she learns more about their needs and behavior This information helps the animals in the park but it can also be used to protect other members of the 第 10 页 共 19 页 species 物种 in the wild It s hard work to look after these animals Their needs often change according to different hours of the day So Amy must depend on her science knowledge and good number sense to help her make the right decisions all day long Even though dolphins spend much of their time underwater they are mammals This means that they must come to the surface to take in air Dolphins give birth to their young They re not hatched from eggs Just like all other mammals mother dolphins must nurse or feed milk to their babies Amy and her team know this first hand One of their dolphins recently gave birth A baby dolphin is not small either It was almost 1 meter long the day it was born A big dolphin usually eats about 4 of its body weight in food every day Amy knows that a mother dolphin that is nursing needs twice the food So when the baby dolphin was born Amy immediately doubled the mother s food every day 1 What does the underlined word observes in paragraph 2 mean A Nurses the young animals B Watches something carefully C Plays with something D Says something about 2 Why is the information Amy learns very helpful A It helps to protect the animals in the park as well as those in the wild B It offers fun and education to tens of thousands of people C It helps dolphins to feed milk to their babies D It helps underwater animals to come to the surface 3 What does Amy need to make the right decision according to this passage A Good eyes and quick mind 第 11 页 共 19 页 B Love and care for animals C Swimming skills and spirit of competition D Science knowledge and good number sense 4 How much food does a 300 kg mother dolphin need every day A 600 kg B 12 kg C 24 kg D 52 kg 5 This passage is mainly about A dolphin s life and food B Amy s job at a marine park C education in a park D protecting animals in the wild 7 8 分 阅读下面材料 然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项 D The government in China plans to end its one child policy 政策 and let families have two children instead The plan was given on Thursday after political meetings in Beijing There are a number of reasons for the change in policy The change is meant to balance population development stop a falling birth rate and strengthen the country s labor 劳动力 force China with the largest population in the world started the one child policy in 1980 But the government allowed only a small number of couples to have two children For example some families in the countryside could have two children if the first born child is a girl 第 12 页 共 19 页 In 2013 the Chinese government gave other couples a chance to have two children if one of them was an only child Jiang Quanbao a teacher and population expert explained how Chinese families react 反应 to the newest policy Too many young people in the cities are no longer interested in having a second child he said People in the countryside are more interested But some of them are already allowed to have two children At the end of 2014 China had 1 37 billion people A total of 800 million of them have jobs But the labor market population will drop in 35 years That is to say the country will be in great need of labor by the year 2050 With the two child policy an increase in births can solve this problem Boys and girls what do you think of the two child policy Do you want to have a new born brother or a sister 1 Why does the government plan to end the one child policy A Because we need a larger population B Because millions of people have jobs C Because most families want to have a second child D Because we need to strengthen the country s labor force 2 How do most young people in the cities react to the two child policy A They support the policy B They don t think it is good C They re very interested D They re not interested any more 3 When will our country be in great need of labor if the one child policy continues A In 2015 第 13 页 共 19 页 B In 2035 C In 2050 D In 2070 4 The Two Children Policy mainly A helps solve the problems of aging population and labor shortages B doesn t allow one couple to have two children C has a bad influence on one s mental health D encourages one couple to have more than two children 8 8 分 阅读下面短文 从短文后所给的 A B C D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 B The second season of the popular Chinese singing contest The Voice of China was launched Wednesday in Beijing Hosted by Zhejiang TV the show is based on The Voice of Holland The first season invited four famous singers as coaches 导师 Yang Kun Na Ying Liu Huan and Harlem Yu The winner was Liang Bo a 21 year old man from Jilin The choice of the coaches for the second season has not been decided yet according to Jin Lei the show s director He said they planned to invite pop singers Faye Wong Jacky Cheung Andy Lao and Liu Huan to be this year s coaches but it hadn t been decided yet And he said they were looking for contestants from around the world and they planned to choose 300 for the show In the first season the four coaches chose teams of contestants through a listening process with their backs to the contestants If two or more judges wanted the same singer the singer had the final choice of his or her coach Finally the contestants competed in later battles 第 14 页 共 19 页 For the second season there will be changes in the process One change is that coaches may still have the chances to choose their favorite contestants in the later battles 1 How many coaches were there in the first season A Five B Four C Three D Two 2 According to the passage who will probably be one of the coaches again in the second season A Liu Huan B Na Ying C Yang Kun D Harlem Yu 3 The last paragraph mainly talks about A the plan for choosing coaches B the plan for choosing contestants C the changes in the process of the second season D how to find contestants from around the world 4 According to the passage which of the following statements is TRUE A The Voice of China is based on another similar prog