英语中考复习15主谓一致

1 语法专项突破语法专项突破 专题十五专题十五 主谓一致主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致 遵循三个原则 语法一致 意 义一致 就近一致 考点一 语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致 即主语是单数形式时 谓语动词也采用单 数形式 主语是复数形式时 谓语动词也采用复数形式 1 当 and 或 both and 连接两个或三个名词作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 Tom and Mike are from the U S A 汤姆和迈克都来自美国 Both Lucy and Lily are students 露西和莉莉都是学生 2 不定代词 either neither each one the other another anybody anyone anything someone somebody something everyo ne everybody everything nobody no one nothing 等作主语时 谓语动词用单数 Is there anything wrong with your watch 你的手表有什么毛病吗 No there isn t 不 没有 Everyone is ready for the sports meeting 大家都为运动会做好了准备 3 由 each each and each every every and every 作主语时 谓语动 词用单数形式 Each boy and each girl was given a new book 给了每一个男孩和每一个女孩一本新书 4 主语后接有 with along with together with as well as including besides like except but 等词或短语时 谓语动词的数由主语的单 复数形式决定 Mr Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing 格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一块儿来北京 5 a number of 名词复数作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 the number of 限定词 名词复数作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 A number of trees were cut down 许多树木被砍倒了 The number of the students in our class is 32 我们班的学生人数为 32 6 a lot of lots of plenty of a pile of piles of most of 名词 和 分数或百分数 名词 等作主语时 谓语动词的单复数取决于名词 如果是不可数名词 则谓语动词用单数形式 如果是可数名词复数 则谓语动词用复数形式 Lots of people have been there 很多人去过那儿 7 由 a pair a kind a series of 复数名词 作主语时 谓语动词用单 数形式 pairs kinds of 复数名词 作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table 一副太阳镜放在桌子上 Fifty pairs of shoes are made each day 每天能制作 50 双鞋 8 某些只有复数形式的名词 如 clothes trousers shorts pants shoes gloves 作主语时 谓语动词用复数形 式 My glasses were broken 我的眼镜坏了 2 9 不定式或v ing 形式作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 Reading is learning 读书就是学习 To see is to believe 眼见为实 考点二 意义一致原则 意义一致又叫概念一致 即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念 1 由 and 连接的两个名词作主语 如果是指同一概念 即 and 后面无冠词 则谓语 动词用单数形式 The teacher and writer is coming to give us a talk next week 那位老师兼作家下周要给我们作报告 The singer and dancer has been invited to the party 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了晚会 2 表示金钱 价格 时间 距离 长度等复数名词 词组作主语时 一般被看做一个 整体 谓语动词常用单数形式 Three years is a long time 三年是一段很长的时间 3 集体名词 如 family team crowd company class group government 如果表示整体概念 则谓语动词用单数形式 如果表示集体中的成员 则谓语动词用复数 形式 My family are going on vacation next month 我们一家人下个月要去度假 My family is a small one with three people 我家是一个有三口人的小家庭 4 people police cattle 等集合名词作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 The police are helping a girl find her parents 警察正在帮助女孩找父母 People there are living a happy life 那儿的人们生活得很快乐 5 one and a h alf 的后面要接复数名词 作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式 One and a half cakes is a good meal for the monkey 一个半蛋糕对猴子来说是一顿美餐 考点三 就近一致原则 有时谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语一致 这种原则叫做就近一致原则 1 由 either or neither nor not only but also not but 或 or 连接两个并列主语时 谓语动词与较近的主 语保持一致 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle 不但我父母而且我都盼望看到我叔叔 2 There be 和 Here be 这两个句式中的动词 be 常与最近的主语在数上保持一 致 There is a table with three legs in Tom s room 在汤姆的房间有一张三条腿的桌子 1 2012 湖南常德中考 29 What s on the desk There some books A be B are C is 2 2012 广东佛山中考 25 Thanks to the organization some money given to the poor children A was B were C are 3 The shoes under the desk Bruce s A is B are C has 4 There lots of people at the restaurant when I got there 3 A is B were C are 5 Physics more difficult than Chinese do you think so Yes I think so A is B are C has 6 Two days enough for me to finish the work I need a third day A isn t B is C aren t 7 I as well as you good at math A am B is C are 8 My uncle s family a happy one Now the whole family having a birthday party for my cousin A is are B are is C is is 9 Neither my father nor my mother rock music They think that it s too A like noise B likes noise C likes noisy 10 The number of the books in the bookshop is about 10 000 and a number of them about science A is B was C are 11 One of my friends moved to America I miss her so much A has B have C is 12 Here some flowers and some money for you A is B are C have 13 To collect stamps one of my hobbies A is B are C were 14 Each of the students a new MP4 now A have B has C are 15 Mike with his brother listening to the music very much A likes B like C liking 16 Two thirds of the girls thirteen years old A is B are C has 17 Walking after supper good for our health A is B are C have 18 Everyone but my parents gone to Beijing A have B has C is 19 This pair of shoes fifteen yuan A is B are C has 20 The singer and writer from Japan A are B is C come 21 Which would you like tea or coffee Either OK but I prefer coffee milk A is with B is to C are with 22 He is a doctor and his brother is a doctor too You mean both he and his brother doctors right A is B be C are 23 The news very interesting Tell me more A is B are C were 24 Everyone except Tom and John seen the film A is B has C are 25 The students who handed in homework stand up please A isn t B aren t C haven t 26 Here some picture books for you Bob Thank you a lot 4 A am B is C are 5 参考答案参考答案 专题十五专题十五 主谓一致主谓一致 专题提升演练专题提升演练 1 B there be 结构的主语是 some books 故 be 动词用 are 2 A money 是不可数名词 故 be 动词用 was 3 B 句意 桌子下面的鞋子是布鲁斯的 主语是复数形式 因此谓语动词为 are 4 B there be 结构的谓语和最近的主语保持主谓一致 时间状语从句为一般过去时 故主句的谓语动词用一般过去时 答案为 B 项 5 A physics 物理 在此容易被误当作复数名词 类似的还有 maths 此类名词 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 再由 more difficult 是形容词故其前面的谓语动词为 be 动词 答案为 A 项 6 A two days 在此是一个整体概念 因此谓语动词用单数 再由句意 我还需要一 天 可知两天对于完成这项工作不够 7 A as well as 连接两个并列主语时谓语动词和其前面的一致 8 A 句意 我叔叔的家庭是一个幸福的家庭 现在整个家庭正在为我的堂弟过生日 第一个 family 作为一个整体 因此谓语动词用单数 第二个 family 指家庭成员 因此谓 语动词用复数 9 C neither nor 连接并列主语时谓语动词和最近的主语保持一致 故排除 A 项 noise 噪音 是名词 不可被副词 too 修饰 noisy 嘈杂的 喧闹的 是形容词 可以被副词 too 修饰 故答案为 C 项 10 C 由上一句的时态为一般现在时可排除 B 项 再由 a number of 引导的名词短语 作主语谓语动词用复数可排除 A 项 11 A one of 作主语时 谓语动词应该和 one 保持一致 而不是和 of 后面的复数 名词或代词保持一致 故可排除 B 项 再由时态为现在完成时 故可确定答案为 A 项 12 B 句意 给你一些花和钱 在 here be 主语 结构中 谓语动词的人称和数 应该与最近的一个保持一致 13 A 句意 集邮是我的爱好之一 动词不定式作主语 谓语动词用单数 14 B 句意 现在我们班里的每个学生都有一个新的 MP4 不定代词 each