高中宾语从句知识点大全.docx

宾语从句TheObjectClause一概念1.Iknowhim.（简单句）主语谓语宾语2.Iknowwhoheis.（复杂句）主语谓语连词从句主语从句谓语3.宾语从句的概念：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句4.句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句二连词（引导词）连词： 1.连接代词（that，who，whom，what，which）2.连接副词（when，where，why，how）3.从属连词（if，whether）由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句，用if或whether引导.1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.vJimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.vHesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether可翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.vSheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略v Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.v Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?三宾语从句可分为三类A.动词的宾语从句1大多数动词都可以带宾语从句例：Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthroughthewholework.2部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句例：Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.3动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:makesure确保makeuponesmind下决心keepinmind牢记例：Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.4可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.B.介词的宾语从句1.用wh-类的介词宾语从句 例：Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoour club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.2.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句例：Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtowork withacompany.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.C.形容词的宾语从句用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised例：IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我确信我会通过考试.四宾语从句的时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）vIknewwholivedhere.vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.vHesaidthathehadseenit.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。vTheteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.五宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例：Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus. 六连接词的选择1. whether 与if 的选择二者在引导宾语从句时常可互换。但下列情况下只用whether ，不用if 。1） 宾语从句置于句首时。如：Whether he will succeed, I cant say.他是否会成功，我说不准。2） 宾语从句在介词后时。如：It depends on whether we have enough money.这取决于我们是否有足够的钱3） 后面紧跟or not 时。如：I dont know whether or not she can arrive on time.我不知道他是否能按时到。2.that与 what 的选择That只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何词义；what 引导宾语从句时，除起连接作用外，还可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。People have heard what the president has said, they are waiting to see _he will do. (2003)A. how B. what C. when D. that分析： do 为及物动词，所选词要做其宾语，故选B。3.连接代词 who ,whom, whose, what ,which , 和连接副词 how, when, where ,why 的选择。连接代词和连接副词的选择要把握两点：1）成分：连接代词在从句中作主语，、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。2）意义：无论是连接代词还是连接副词，都有各自的意义。I remember _this used to be a quiet village. (NMET93)A. when B. how C. where D. what分析：宾语从句是主系表结构，且主语和表语齐全，故从句中缺少状语，可排除D项，再结合句意“我记的这地方是个宁静的村庄的时候”，故选A。-Could you do me a favor?-It depends on _it is. (2006北京)A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever (A)分析：没有范围的情况下用不能使用which .七引导宾语从句的that何时不能省略大家知道，that 引导宾语从句时，一般可以省略，但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的常常不可省略。1.介词except ,but ,besides, in 等后跟that 引导的宾语从句时。如：The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.那个瑞典人站着一动不动，只是嘴巴还微微在动。2.That 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。如：I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.我认为，尤其重要的是，我们必须对自己有信心。He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the people heart and soul.他说，按照他的看法，雷锋是一个全心全意为人民服务的榜样。3.宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。如：He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting.他说，如果早回来的话，他会来参加会议的。Mary said that, as she was not well, she could not get the highest score in the mid-term exam.马里说，因为身体不好，她不可能在期中考试中得分最高4.当it 作形式宾语，后接that 引导的宾语从句时。如：We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.我们已经表明，我们将学会处理各种难题We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.我们想当然地以为他们会接受这个建议的。5.当that 引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that (this )时，常不可省略。如：Comrade Wang told me that was why he was not a little tired.王同志告诉我那就是为什么他非常疲劳的原因。He said that this was not his book, but his sisters.他说这不是他的书，而是他姐姐的书6.宾语从句不止一个时，第一个that 可以省略，而其它的that 常不可省略。如：I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us.我认为今天下午天会放晴，他们会来向我们告别的。7.当when,who, what ,where ,why ,how 等引导的从句与that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。如：I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.我知道现在是什么时候，且风仍然不大。Im sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.我非常清楚他住在什么地方，而且他生活得很幸福。8.that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时。如：That she ever said such a thing I simply dont believe我只是不相信她曾经说过这样一件事情。That you could complete the project so soon I never thought.我完全没有想到这工程你们完成得这麽快。八形式宾语许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常