Unit 13 教学参考.doc

Audio-visual-oral English Course of Contemporary Medicine 当代医学英语视听说教程Unit 13 Combating PainSection A Pre-audio-visual TasksTask 1 Glossary PreviewGet familiar with the words and expressions listed below, and then match the meaning description or synonym with a proper word or expression in the list.breakthrough pain administer v.painkiller n.narcotic drugs ease v.addictive adj.throbbing adj.migraine n.atmospheric adj.episodic adj.serotonin n.charge ductivity n.outline v.primary care doctor implement v.in place conservative adj.O.R. head for incision n.abdomen n.spine n.spinal adj.debilitating adj.slew n.vertebra n.slide v.collapse v.realign v.stabilize v.radiate v.ankle n.disk n.crushing adj.sciatic nerve infra-red adj.insert v.screw n.穿透性疼痛给药，用药止痛药麻醉药，镇定剂减轻，缓解，解除痛苦使成瘾的，上瘾的抽痛的，抽动的偏头痛大气的，大气引起的偶发的，插曲般的5-羟色胺，血清素收费，费用生产率概述初级保健医生实施，执行准备就绪，保守的手术室朝去，走向切口，切开腹部，下腹脊柱，脊椎脊柱的使虚弱的，使衰弱的许多，大量椎骨滑落，打滑，衰弱倒塌，崩溃重新排列使稳定，使固定向周围扩展，辐射踝，踝关节椎间盘压碎的，支离破碎的坐骨神经红外线的插入，嵌入螺丝钉1. the part of the body of a vertebrate containing the digestive and reproductive organs; the belly2. the line of bones down the centre of the back that provides support for the body and protects the spinal cord3. the joint between the foot and the leg, or the thin part of the leg just above the foot4. medicine used to reduce or remove physical pain5. to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support6. to make stable, to become stable7. making someone very weak and infirm8. causing or likely to cause someone to become addicted to it9. to put something inside something else, or to add something to something else10. one of the small bones that form the spine11. to dispense or apply a remedy or drug12. a recurrent throbbing headache that typically affects one side of the head and is often accompanied by nausea and disturbed vision13. a cut made with a knife during a surgical operation14. to put a plan or system into operation15. to draw the main shape or edge of something16. to make or become less severe, difficult, unpleasant, painful17. a price asked for goods or services18. disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change19. to emit rays, as of light or heat20. a large number of quantityabdomenspineanklepainkillercollapsestabilizedebilitatingaddictiveinsertvertebraadministermigraineincisionimplementoutlineease chargeconservativeradiateslewTask 2 Pair-work Discussion Ponder over the following questions and discuss briefly each of them with your deskmates.1. What kind of pain have you ever suffered? Toothache, headache, stomach pain or back pain? 2. What is pain? What role does pain play in our life process?3. What are differences between acute pain and chronic pain?4. How does pain interfere with a persons life quality?5. What are some approaches to pain management?Section B Audio-visual TasksTask 3 Spot Dictation Listen to a passage three times and while listening, you are to put the missing word in each numbered blank according to what you hear. Doctors speak of three kinds of pain: acute, chronic and breakthrough. Acute and chronic pain can be (1) mild or severe. Acute pain happens fast and usually lasts a short time. It generally (2) reacts to treatment.But chronic pain can last a long time. Chronic pain may go away, but it often comes back. It can be hard to (3) treat.Breakthrough pain is a pain that (4) strikes suddenly. It may end just as suddenly. An activity can cause breakthrough pain. It also may happen as the (5) effects of a persons last medicine are ending.Many different diseases, conditions and (6) injuries can cause chronic pain, from back problems to (7) burns. Cancer is one of those causes, whether from the disease itself or from its treatment.Research published mainly in 1973 had found (8) proteins on the surfaces of nerve cells in the brain. The findings made it possible to better study pain drugs and learn how they (9) affect the body.Today many doctors order pain medicines for dying patients to be given before suffering takes hold. And more methods of (10) administering the medicines are now available. One is a pump that lets patients give themselves pain (11) medications as needed. They cannot harm themselves because the amount of (12) painkiller in the pump is carefully measured and limited.Many doctors prescribe narcotic drugs for patients with (13) lasting, severe pain. Such drugs may ease suffering. But they can also be (14) addictive. The user may need increasing amounts to get the same effect.Task 4 Note-taking Listen to a passage “Chronic Headaches” twice. While listening, you are to take notes according to the cues given below.1. The number of Americans who suffer chronic headaches:45 million people.2. Some people describe headaches as:Throbbing, causing pressure in the head. 3. Three factors that start tension headaches:Emotional pressure, depression and tiredness.4. Duration of a tension headache:From a half hour to a whole week.5. What you do if your pain is too severe:You will need a doctors advice.Task 5 Sentence Dictation Listen to each sentence, repeat it aloud, listen to it again, and then write down the whole sentence on the space provided. You will listen to each sentence for a third time to have a check.1. Migraine headaches cause Americans to miss at least 150 million workdays each year.2. But many experts today are working toward cures or major help for chronic headaches.3. Events that start tension headaches may include emotional pressure and the deeper than normal sadness called depression.4. Researchers blamed muscle tension from tightening in the face, neck and the skin on top of the head.5. Some scientists now believe that tension headaches may result from changes among brain chemicals.Task 6 Recognizing Details Watch a video clip “Pain Prevention” twice and decide whether each of the statements below is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)._F_T_F_T_F_T_F_1. More than 15,000,000 adult Americans experience some type of pain.2. The physical pain costs the U.S. from $ 560 to 635 billion dollars every year.3. The cost comes from direct medical expenses in pain management. 4. Federal government should play a role in the prevention and treatment of pain.5. Primary care doctors are unable to provide personalized pain management.6. Changes are needed to improve pain management training for health professionals.7. Some of the recommendations are impractical and can not be implemented.Task 7 Overall Comprehension Watch a video clip “A New Surgical Procedure for Back Pain” twice and choose the best answer to each of the questions below.1. Most cases of back pain are resolved with _.A) conservative treatmentsB) a new surgical procedureC) much slower recovery timesD) hospitalization for a few days2. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Jennifer?A) she had an incision in her abdomen for spinal surgery.B) She has two surgical procedures in two days.C) She hopes her life can move on with spinal surgery.D) She has suffered back pain for 46 years.3. The number of spinal surgery is increasing mainly because _. A) Americans cannot bear debilitating back painB) new surgical techniques speed up recovery timeC) more Americans suffer from severe nerve painD) back pain keeps more Americans from working4. The surgery on Jennifer involves all of the following EXCEPT _.A) relieving pressure on the nervesB) realigning her vertebraeC) removing l-4 vertebraeD) stabilizing the spine5. Why was Tom Costellos lower back pain turning into severe pain? A) His disk collapsed and crushed the sciatic nerve.B) His lower back pain radiated down his right leg.C) His right knee and ankle were severely injured.D) His sitting and sleeping crushed the sciatic nerve.Key to Task 7 1. A 2. D. 3. B 4. C 5. A Section C Follow-up Oral TasksTask 8 Listening & Interpretation Listen to the five sentences twice and interpret each into Chinese.1. Doctors speak of three kinds of pain: acute, chronic and breakthrough. Acute and chronic pain can be mild or severe. Acute pain happens fast and usually lasts a short time. 2. Some people describe the pain as throbbing, causing pressure in the head. Others compare it to someone driving a sharp object into the head. 3. The pain may come very early in the day. Other signs can include pain in the neck or the lower part of the head. Scientists are not sure what causes tension headaches.4. Many different diseases, conditions and injuries can cause chronic pain, from back problems to burns. Cancer is one of those causes, whether from the disease itself or from its treatment.5. Today many doctors order pain medicines for dying patients to be given before suffering takes hold. And more methods of administering the medicines are now available.医生谈到的疼痛有急性、慢性和穿透性三种。急性和慢性疼痛可以是轻度或重度的。急性疼痛发生快，持续时间短。有人把疼痛描述是抽动性的，造成头部的压力。有人把它比作一个人用利器推入头部。疼痛可能在一天很早就出现。其他症状包括颈部或头下方疼痛。科学家不能确定是什么导致紧张性头痛。从背部问题到烧伤的许多不同的疾病、情况和损伤，可引起慢性疼痛。癌症无论是疾病本身或其治疗，是其中的一个原因。今天，许多医生对临终病人在疼痛开始前就用抗疼痛药物。现在已有更多的给药方法可用。Task 9 Dialogue & Conversation Make dialogues and conversations, using the Chinese below as cues.A：你有过疼痛的经历吗？你对疼痛有所了解吗？B：像很多人一样，我有过不少疼痛的经历，如胃痛，头痛，牙痛或腰痛等。简单地说，疼痛是一种因受伤或疾病引起的身体上十分不愉快的感觉。A：疼痛不仅给患者个人造成痛苦，还伤及到整个社会。据美国医学研究所一份报告，疼痛每年对美国造成的损失在5500亿美元以上。B：这些损失不仅来自直接的医疗费用，还包括丧失工资和生产效率。A：在中国，疼痛是人们去看医生的最常见原因之一。它是许多病情的主要症状，会大大影响一个人身体的一般功能和生活质量。B：所以，了解疼痛、预防疼痛和抗疼痛对促进公众健康，提升生活质量有着重大的意义。 A: 你认为在预防疼痛方面，可以做些什么呢？B: 无论是普通百姓还是医学专业人员，都需对疼痛有更好的认识。医学专业机构更应对疼痛的类型、成因、作用等做系统的研究。A: 对疼痛机理的研究有了哪些上临床的应用呢？B: 已经有了很多应用，包括新型镇痛药物，植入泵给药，皮肤药贴、针灸镇痛，手术治疗等。所有这些临床应用的最终目的，是通过个性化治疗，来提高疼痛患者的生活质量。Have you had any experiences of pain? What do you understand as to pain?Like many others, I have had a lot of experiences of pain, such as stomachache, headache, toothache, lower back pain, etc. To put it simply, pain is a highly unpleasant physical sensation caused by illness or injury.Pain does not just hurt individuals, but the entire society as well. According to a report by the Institute of Medicine, pain costs the U.S. over $550 billion dollars ever