高二M5语法（分词）.ppt

Grammar Participleclauses Unit 2 Revision Gooverthephrases 为 做出贡献导致 促成集中注意力于参加 参与有关 关于必修科目把 归功于引进 获利 makecontributionsto contributetoconcentrate onparticipatein with inregardstoacompulsorysubjectowe to bring in 我们应该致力于改进学习方法 Weshouldconcentrate ourefforts onimprovingourlearningmethods 苏通大桥的建成很有助于南通经济的发展 TheconstructionoftheSutongBridgecontributesalottotheeconomicdevelopmentinNantong 她把她目前的成就归功于她家人的支持 Sheowedherpresentachievementtothesupportfromherfamily 由于缺少资金 原定于下周六举行的音乐会已经取消了 TheconcerttobeheldnextSaturdayhasbeencancelledowingtolackofmoney 我们觉得学生了解历史是很重要的 Weconsider finditimportantthatthestudentsshouldunderstandhistory 我们积极参加各项课外活动是必要的 It snecessaryforustoparticipateinallkindsofactivitiesafterclass Grammarandusage Participleclauses 分词 非谓语动词 动名词doing 不定式todo 分词 现在分词doing 过去分词done I 现在分词 doing 的时态和语态 II 过去分词 done 只有一种形式 一 分词的形式 Hehurriedhome lookingbehindashewent 一般式 2 Havingfinishedtheirwork theyhadarest 完成式 3 Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltisalibrary 被动式 4 Havingbeenshownthelab weweretakentoseethelibrary 被动完成式 5 SponsoredbyJVC theteamplayerswearthelettersJVContheirshirts Examples 过去分词 Usedasanattributive 定语 1 TheartistsupervisingthebuildingoftheParthenonwasthefamoussculptor 2 Thebookborrowedfromthelibraryisnotveryinteresting TheartistwhosupervisedthebuildingoftheParthenon Thebookwhichisborrowedfromthelibrary 二 分词的句法功能 I 1 A bark dogseldombites 2 The steal carwasfoundbythepoliceatlast 3 Aftermanydaysoftraveling Mikereturnedhomewitha tire face 4 Iliveinthehouse face south 5 Theworkers injure intheaccidentarebeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital barking stolen tired facing injured Examples 位置 单个分词作定语 置于所修饰词的前面 分词短语则置于所修饰词的后面 What sthedifferencebetween ingand edformusedasanattributive Reflection1 Tips 现在分词作定语表示动作的主动或进行 或经常发生 过去分词作定语表示动作的被动或完成 boilingwaterboiledwaterthechangingworldthechangedworld正在落下的叶子落叶正在升起的太阳已经升起的太阳 正在沸腾的水 开水 变化中的世界 变化了的世界 fallingleaves fallenleaves therisingsun therisensun Examples 1 MyjourneyinCanadawasreallyexciting andIwasexcitedatit 2 Whatyoudidwasdisappointing 3 Hewasveryworriedabouthisson ssafetywhenheheardtherewasanotherterrorists attackinthatcountry Usedasapredicative 表语 表语说明主语的特征 属性或状态等 一般接在系动词后面 II What sthedifferencebetween ingand edformusedasapredicative Reflection2 Tips 现在分词作表语语表示 令人 的 过去分词作表语表示 某人 感到 interesting使人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的 Examples 1 Afterhearingthe voiceofthetiger hecouldn thelplettingouta cry frighten 2 Helooks puzzle atthe news 3 Thegrammarlessonisalwaysabit bore andthestudentsmayfeel withit frightening frightened puzzled puzzling Examples boring bored Describethepictureinseveralsentences Icanseesb sth Usedasacomplement 补语 Wecanseetwopeople trap intheflood Wecanseeabasin float onthewater Wecanseeachild sit seat inthebasin Wecanseeaman push thebasin trapped floating sitting seated pushing III 1 Shecaughtthestudent cheat inexams 2 WhenIgotthere Ifoundhim repair farmtools 3 Heworkedsohardthathegothispay raise 4 Themissingboyswerelastseen play neartheriver 5 Theworkershadthemachines run allnightlongtofinishtheworkontime 6 Peopleinthesouthhavetheirhouses make ofbamboo cheating repairing raised playing running made Examples What sthedifferencebetween ingand edformusedasacomplement Reflection3 Tips 现在分词作补语表示动作的主动或进行 过去分词作补语表示动作的被动或完成 hold theOlympictorch YaoMingisexcited surround bysomanypeople YaoMingmustbeveryproud Holding Surrounded Usedasanadverbial 状语 IV Seenfromspace theearthisreallybeautiful 1 Singinginthetrees thebirdsseemedveryhappy 2 Givenmoretime hecanfinishtheworkintime Whentheyweresinginginthetrees Ifheisgivenmoretime 1 write byafamouswriter thenovelsellswell 2 see fromthetopofthehill theparklooksmorebeautiful 3 see thefilmtwice hewon tgotothecinemawithus 4 Thecupdroppedtotheground break intopieces Written Seen Havingseen Examples breaking 分词作状语可表示时间 原因 条件 伴随 结果等 What sthedifferencebetween ingand edformusedasanadverbial Reflection4 Tips 现在分词作状语时 句子的主语和该动词是主动关系 其完成形式表示动作先于句中的动作发生 2 过去分词作状语则表示动作的被动 I 分词 短语 作状语时 可在前面加上when while once if unless although等连词 以便明确作何种状语 1 Whenfirstintroducedtothemarket theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess Whentheseproductswerefirstintroducedtothemarket theyenjoyedgreatsuccess 2 Althoughtreatedbythebestdoctorsinthiscity shestillcouldn tstandonherfeet Althoughshewastreatedbythebestdoctorsinthiscity shestillcouldn tstandonherfeet 3 Whilewalkinghisdoggie hewhistledtotrainit Whilehewaswalkinghisdoggie hewhistledtotrainit Tip1 II 分词短语的否定形式 把否定词放在分词结构之前 不知该说什么 我保持沉默 Notknowingwhattosay Iremainedsilent 没收到儿子的信 她又给他写了一封Nothavingreceivedherson sletter shewrotetohimagain Tip2 III 在通常情况下 分词短语作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致 例如 1 travel throughthetunnel themanfeltuncomfortablebecauseofthenoise 2 smoke formanyyears hehassufferedfromlungcancer 3 develop overmanyyears theundergroundsystemisnowabletotransportmillionsofpeopleeffectively Traveling Havingsmoked Havingbeendeveloped Tip3 IV 但如果分词短语作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语不一致 可在分词前加一个名词或代词 使之成为分词的逻辑主语 即 名词 代词 分词 加在分词前的代词要用主格形式 称为分词独立主格结构 一般用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开来 此结构作用相当于一状语从句 如 Nightcomingon westartedonourwayhome Whennightcameon westartedonourwayhome 夜晚来临 我们踏上归程 Allthingsconsidered herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours Whenallthingsareconsidered herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours 通盘考虑 她的论文比你的有价值得多 Tip4 1 Iftimepermits therestorationworkwillbedonebetter Timepermitting therestorationworkwillbedonebetter 2 Astheboyisveryclever manypeoplethinkheisabletofindthecorrectanswerfasterthananybodyelse Theboybeingclever manypeoplethinkheisabletofindthecorrectanswerfasterthananybodyelse 3 SinceitwasafinedaylastSunday wewentmountainclimbing ItbeingafinedaylastSunday wewentmountainclimbing 4 Whenmyhomeworkhadbeendone Ilistenedtothemusic Myhomework havingbeen done Ilistenedtothemusic With myhomeworkdone Ilistenedto Examples Themeeting being over allofuswenthome Therebeingnobuses wehadtowalkhome Herworkdone shesatdownforacupoftea Theproblemsolved thequalityhasbeenimproved Theboywenttotheclassroom bookinhand V 但有时 分词的逻辑主语也可以句中的主语不一致 此时的分词称可看做固定的分词短语作状语 例如 Generallyspeaking heisnotsuitedtohavealongjourney Judgingfromhisappearance hedoesn tlooklikehisfather Tip5 I Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentencesifany Practiceandconsolidation 1 Beingsurprisedandhappy Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize 2 Themurdererwasbroughtin withhishandsbeingtiedbehindhisback 3 Itfeelsrefreshedtotakeabathafterwork 4 Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcoveredthedesert Surprisedandhappy refreshing covering tired 5 Aremote controlledbombexplodedoutsideahotelyesterday havinginjuredatleast12people 6 Havingwritteninaneasystyle thebookhasmanyreaders 7 Whencompareddifferentcultures weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities 8 Facewithsomuchtrouble wefailedtocompletethetaskontime injuring Written comparing Faced II MultipleChoice Practiceandconsolidation 1 Mrs Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps fromthelibrary 2010年全国卷I toborrowB tobeborrowedC borrowedD borrowing 2 Though toseeus theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome 2010年全国卷II A surprisingB wassurprisedC surprisedD beingsurprised 3 Thenewsshockedthepublic togreatconcernaboutthestudents safetyatschool 2010年重庆卷 A havingledB ledC leadingD tolead 4 Everyeveningafterdinner ifnot fromwork Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog 2009湖南卷 beingtiredB tiringC tiredD tobetired 5 Thetrees inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad 2008湖南卷 beingblowndownB blowndownC blowingdownD toblowdown 6 Ideally forBroadwayTheatresandFifthAvenue theNewYorkParkhotelisafavouritewithmanyguests 2008年上海卷 A locatingB beinglocatedC havingbeenlocatedD located7 TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbyearthquakeinYushu thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms 2010年江苏卷 enablingB havingenabledC ToenableD tohaveenabled 8 Alexandertriedtogethiswork inthemedicalcircles 2010年辽宁卷 A torecognizeB recognizingC recognizeD recognized9 InApril 2009 PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy 2009福建卷 A markingB markedC havingmarkedD beingmarked10 Ladiesandgentlemen pleaseremain untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop 2009四川卷 A seatedB seatingC toseatD seat III Rewritethesentenceonpage25 usingparticipleclauses Practiceandconsolidation 1 Theprotectionofsomesignificantsitesisaproblemrequiringurgentattention 2 TheWorldHeritagelistestablishedbyUNESCOhelpstoprotectimportantsites 3 Consideringthedamagecausedbyairpollution thestatueshavebeenmovedfromtheopentoaprotectedmuseum 4 Whilebringinginmoneytoacountry tourismcanalsoresultindamagetotheWorldHeritagesitesthere 5 Knowingthedangers hechosenottoentertheancientbuilding 6 Afterassessingthedamage theexpertproducedareconstructionplan or Theexpertproducedareconstructionplanafterassessingthedamage 7 Therenovationsbeingincomplete thepublicwerenotallowedontothesite 8 Didyouhearthoseexpertscomplainingthattheworldhadnotpaidenoughattentiontothepr