关于否定前移.doc

.关于否定是否前移的概述和经典例句1在带宾语从句的复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测”等心理活动的动词时，否定谓语从句的not往往转移到主句，成为“形式否定主句，意义否定从句”，这种语法现象就叫做否定（前）转移。如： I dont think he will come this afternoon. 我认为他今天下午不会来。 I dont believe I have the pleasure of knowing you. 很遗憾，我并不认识你。 I dont guess that they have got married. 我猜他们还没有结婚。 I dont expect they have finished the work. 我料想他们还没有完成工作。 I dont suppose he will return to his hometown after a few years of study abroad. 我看他在国外学习几年后不会回家乡了。 I dont feel you should go. 我觉得你不应该去。 I didnt imagine that Tom would help her. 我猜想汤姆不会帮助她。 2. 主句中的谓语动词若与情态动词或状语连用时，不转移否定。 I cant believe that they are married. 我真不敢相信他们结婚了。 We cant believe that he turns an honest penny. 我们不能相信他是用正当手段挣钱。 You mustnt think hes an honest person. 你不可以认为他是一个诚实的人。 I didnt ever suppose that they were happy. 我并不认为他们是幸福的。 但是，在带有cant和couldnt的句子中，有时cant和couldnt带有否定转移的含义。如：She cant seem to do it. (=She seems not to be able to do it.) 她似乎不能做这件事。 注意动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel在下列情况下，否定不转移： (1) 这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时，否定不转移。如： I believe and hope he wont do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。 I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我觉得并且也承认我们并不愚蠢。 (2) 用于疑问句时，否定不转移。如： Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？ Dont you believe that he has done a good thing? 难道你不相信他做了一件好事？ (3) 用作插入语时，否定不转移。如： Li Lei, I think, wont be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。 Tom, I suppose, wont be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。 Mike, I believe, hasnt seen the film. 我认为迈克没有看这场电影。 (4) 动词前有其他副词修饰时，否定不转移。如： I really dont think its necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。 I feel strongly that he shouldnt do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。 (5) 动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时，否定不转移。 I thought that he wouldnt come back soon. 我原以为他不会回来得这么快。 She didnt believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信他变成了一个好孩子。 He thinks that he isnt fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。 He doesnt believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我们告诉他的事是真的。 (6) 当宾语从句中含的否定为notat all, not a little, not a few, not enough, cant help等固定搭配时，否定不转移。如： I think that he doesnt know it at all. 我想他对那一点也不知道。 I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我认为如果你想把这门语言学好，那么只记单词是不够的。 I believe that you cant help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信当你在奥运会上获得第一名时你会情不自禁地唱起国歌来。 (7) 当宾语从句中含no, nothing, nobody, nowhere, hardly, seldom, little, few等否定词或半否词时，否定不转移。如： I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放弃。 I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我认为如果这艘船沉入海底的话，那么谁也逃不掉。 I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一个言语不多的人。3 当think用在疑问句中时，不转移否定。 Why do you think I cant change your note? 你为什么认为我换不开你的钞票呢？ 4 由knew, fear, mean, I am afraid等动词形式构成的宾语从句中，其否定词not，通常不进行否定转移。当然，这并不是说否定词not不能否定以上动词形式，而是说否定宾语从句和否定主句谓语动词的意思不同。试比较： He knew you wouldnt tell on him. 他知道你不会出卖他。 He didnt know you should tell on him. 他没想到你竟会出卖他。 I mean you didnt do it right. 我是说你做得不对。 I dont mean you did it right. 我并不是说你做的对。 I am afraid that he wont threaten me with death. 恐怕他不会以死来威胁我。 I am not afraid that he will threaten me with death. 我不怕他以死来威胁我。 5 动词hope不可进行否定转移。 I hope it wont snow. 我希望天不下雨。 I hope she doesnt dislike the flowers. 我希望她不会讨厌（会喜欢）这些花。 6 在下列几种情况下，think的宾语从句中的否定词通常不可前移到主句中： 1） 宾语从句中有固定短语，如cant help, not at all, not only but also 等。 I think everybody cant help laughing if they see it. 我认为，人们看到时会禁不住大笑。 I think she is not only beautiful but also kind. 我认为，她不仅漂亮，而且善良。 2） 宾语从句中not与just, enough, quite, much等副词连用。如： I think you are not quite sure about it. 我认为，你们对这一点并不能完全肯定。 I think shes not much like her mother. 我觉得，她不怎么像她的母亲。 3） 宾语从句中含有no, nothing, never, nobody等。如： I think she has never been there. 我认为，她从未去过那里。 4） think本身有其他词修饰或与其他动词构成并列谓语。如： I sometimes think he is not an honest man. 我有时认为他并不诚实。 I do think you shouldnt hurt her. 我的确认为你不该伤害她。 I think and hope that Im not disturbing you so much. 我认为，也希望，我不太打扰你。 5）think以过去时、完成时等出现，则不一定要求否定前移。如： I was thinking that he wouldnt succeed. 我在想他不会成功。 I thought you didnt marry her. 我原以为你不会与她结婚。 I had thought he wouldnt come. 我愿意为他不会来呢。 但是，在现代英语中，为了使语气柔和，过去时态的句子中偶尔也可见到这种否定