北京市海淀区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末英语试题

海淀区2024—2025学年第一学期期末练习高三英语本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Lastweekend,ItookRio,myenergetic3yearoldgrandsonwhocouldn’tsitstillforamoment,totheparksohecouldrunaroundandseetheduckpond.Mygoalwastogethimoutsideforawhile,lethim___1___someenergy,andteachhimabouttheducks.Buthehadnogoals.Threeyearoldsdon’tneedgoals.ThatwasthefirstofseverallessonsIlearnedthatday.Ihadexpectedtobetheteacher,butIhadit___2___.Mygrandsonhelpedmerememberthingswe’rebornknowingbutforgetintheprocessofbeinganadult.Riohadasenseof___3___.Assoonaswewalkedintothepark,helookedupatthesky.Itwasacoldday,withpillowycloudsdriftingacrossthesky,andhefound___4___inwatchingthem.I’dforgottenhowmagicalcloudscouldbe.Hisexplorationwasendless.Hewasalwaysonthesearchforsticks.Heknewthatastickcouldbeusedformanythings.Hescrapedthegroundwiththem,rappedadrumbeatwiththemontreesandbenches,and___5___themintheairlikeaflag.Noneedfortoysorelectronicdevices,unlikeathome.Juststicks.Therewereafewkidsplayingintheparkwithaparentandpeoplewalkingdogs.Riosaidhitoeveryoneandstuckouthishandforahighfivewithafew4to5yearolds.Hetriedto___6___conversationswithenthusiasm.Itwasclearhedidn’tcarewhatpeoplelookedlike,howoldtheywere,orwhethertheysaidhellofirst.No___7___.Justasinceredesireto___8___.MybiggestrevelationfromourhourintheparkwasthatRiowasfully___9___nomatterwhathewasdoing.Heneveraskedwhattimeitwas,whenwewereleaving,orwhatweweregoingtodonext.Hewas,everysecondwewerethere,pletelyandabsolutelyinthe____10____.IwishIcouldbe.Don’tweall?1.A.burn B.feel C.waste D.produce2.A.together B.here C.out D.backwards3.A.direction B.wonder C.security D.purpose4.A.joy B.hope C.difference D.relief5.A.broke B.threw C.waved D.kicked6.A.writedown B.strikeup C.reflecton D.lookinto7.A.envy B.guilt C.judgment D.amazement8.A.show B.improve C.explain D.connect9.A.aware B.prepared C.present D.informed10.A.way B.lead C.balance D.moment第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。ThelargestdesertinChina,theTaklamakanDesert,isnowpletelyencircledbyagreenbelt____11____(stretch)3,046km.ThisispartofChina’sThreeNorthShelterBeltForestProgramtoaddressdesertificationandrestoreecologicalbalance.Sincethelaunchoftheprogram____12____1978,China____13____(expand)itsafforestationareaby32millionhectares(公顷).TheprojectfullydemonstratesChina’s____14____(innovate)approachtoecologicalconstructionandoffersvaluableexperienceforglobaleffortsinfightingdesertification.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。Today’sparentsfacesomethingdifferentandmoredemanding.Theyareexpectedtospendevermoretimeandmoneyeducatingandenrichingtheirchildren.Thesepressures,researcherssay,____15____(drive)inpartbyfearsthatifparentsdonotequiptheirchildrenwitheverypossibleadvantage,theirchildrencouldfailtoachieveasecurelife.Thisparentingstyleinvolvespainstakinglyandmethodicallycultivatingchildren’stalents,academicsandfuturesthrougheveryday____16____(activity).Butwemayhavegotintoasituation,someexpertssuggest,____17____intensiveparentinghasbeetoointenseforparents.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。Weallhavebeeninthissituation:Atameeting,everyoneelseagreesonasolution,andyouaretheonlyonestillopposingit,oratleastdoubting____18____itwillwork.Employeesoftenfacethisdilemma,referredtoas“conformitybias(从众偏差)”—individualsfeel____19____(stress)togoalongwiththedecisionofthemajority,evenifitseemswrong.____20____(avoid)thisbias,leadersshouldensurethateveryoneatthetablehasavoiceandthatalloptionsareconsideredinordertoworktowardabettersolution.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ATakepartinourawardwinningsummerSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Math)teenacademicprograms.Allcoursesareconductedonline.Currentcourseofferingsinclude:BiotechResearch:pleteanawardwinning,petitiveadmissionsprogramthisyear.You’llthankyourselfwhenyouhaveonemoreprestigiouscredentialtoaddtoyourcollegeapplications.Weprovidestudentswithstateoftheartlabequipmentandmaterialstouseathome—allshippedtoyourdoorstep.ThetimeisNOWtoapply.Biomedical&SurgicalResearch:TheBiomedicalandSurgicalResearchprogrambringsanatomy(解剖)tolifethroughdiscussionandpracticeofsurgicalprocedures.Fromcasestudiesandlecturestomocksurgicalprocedures,studentsspendthreeweekslearningwhatittakestobeasurgeon.PolymerChemistry:MaterialsScienceisanewexcitingfieldthatincludespolymerchemistryandplasticsengineeringofmaterialstosynthesize(合成)andtocreatecustomorbrandnewmaterialswithspecificproductsforspecificuses.Receivematerialsrighttoyourhometocreateyourownpolymers!IntrotoRobotics:Areyoualwaystakingthingsapart,seeinghowtheyworkandthenputtingthembacktogetheragain?Areyoucurioushowrobotsandothermachineswork?Fromvoiceactivated,digitalpersonalassistantslikeAlexaandSiritooureverydaykitchenappliances,theworldofroboticsisadvancingandrobotsarebeinganintegralpartofoureverydaylife.Thefutureisnowandthefieldofroboticsisbooming!Forensics(法医学):Domysteriesexciteyou?DoyoudiveintocrimesceneshowssuchasCriminalMindsandLaw&Order?Doyouwanttogobehindthescenestolearnwhathappensduringacrimeinvestigationortrial?Thisremoteprogramisdesignedforstudentsallovertheworldinterestedinthescientificapproachtocrimescenes.Thisprogramwillintroducetheprinciplesofforensicscienceandwillprovidetheopportunitytoexplorelabtechniques,fingerprintmethodsandmorethroughtheVRtechniques!Clickheretoseesessiondatesandcosts.21.Whichcoursesoffertoshipmaterials?A.PolymerChemistryandForensics. B.IntrotoRoboticsandBiotechResearch.C.BiotechResearchandPolymerChemistry. D.ForensicsandBiomedical&SurgicalResearch.22.StudentswhochooseForensicscan______.A.watchTVserieswithVRequipment B.studycriminalmindsonthesceneC.drafttheprinciplesofforensicscience D.experiencecrimeinvestigationvirtually23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromotesummeracademicprograms. B.Toparedifferentonlineprograms.C.Tointroducethecontentoftheprograms. D.Toexplainthebenefitsoftheprograms.BOnabriskOctobermorning,with20poundsofgearonmyback,Ihikedupasteep,rockytrail.Witheachstep,Ifeltmythroattighterandmylungsheave.Thiswasanexperiment.Growingup,myfamily’sannual“hikes”oftenleftmeweepingwithexhaustionafteronly2miles.Decadeslater,Iwondered,attheripeageof26,couldIlearntolovetheoutdoors?Idecidedtostartinthedeependwiththishiking.Preparedwithweeksofexercise,Ijoinedmygroupatthetrailheadnearthecityborder.Anhouraftersettingoff,Ifellbehind,notsureifIcouldmakeit.Frank,myhikingpanion,sloweddowntoacpanyme.“Lookatthesky,thetrees!”heexclaimed.WheezingIstoppedtocranemyneck.Natureinallitsmagnificencechosetoshowoff.Thewindwhistled,rustlingtheyellowcanopyoverhead.Continuingon,Imadeapointtostopandlookaroundeveryfewminutes.Threehourslater,wereachedourcampsite,avastgrassyarea.Frankguidedmethroughputtingupmytent,asmallvictoryafterachallengingmorning.Wethensoughtouronlywatersource,SunfishPond.Muchtomyannoyance,Irepeatedlylostmyfootingandreturnedtocampaftercountlessfalls.Atcamp,Ibuiltafireusingonlyflint(火石)sticks.Mycheapsleepingpadkeptlosingair,andmysleepingbagdidlittletokeepthecoldairout.Around2a.m.Itearedupinfrustrationandlaysleepless.However,emergingfrommytentintothemistymorning,Ifeltmymoodlifted.Autumnseemedtohavekickedinovernightandtheleavesglowed.Iateabreakfastofinstantnoodlesandthenjoinedtheothers,sharingintimatethoughtsIusuallykepthidden.Backatthetrailheadwherewestarted,myfriendaskedwhatweweregratefulfor.IpipedupaboutthevulnerableandfunnyconversationsI’denjoyedwithfellowhikers—andthespacetoreflect.TheforestanditstemporarydwellershadconvincedmeIwascapableofmuchmorethanIthoughtpossible.Didtheexperimentwork?Memoriesofthatsleepless,freezingnightmightgivemepausebeforeIcrawlintoatentagain.Butthatdoesn’tmeanI’mawayfromthewoodspletely.IreturnedtoNewYorksmellyandsore,butwhenIsteppedoffthebusintothecity’shustleandbustle,Ialsofeltanunexpectedcalm.24.Whydidtheauthordecidetogoonahikingtrip?A.Toimprovehisphysicalhealth. B.Toescapefromthefastpacedcitylife.C.Toexplorehispotentialfortheoutdoors. D.Torevisitachildhoodpassionforhiking.25.Whichbestdescribestheauthor’semotionaljourney?①amazed②doubtful③annoyed④peaceful⑤upliftedA.③②⑤①④ B.②①③⑤④ C.②③①④⑤ D.③④②①⑤26.Whathastheauthorlearnedfromtheexperience?A.Successliesinselfacceptance. B.Wildernesshealsabrokenheart.C.Smallsetbacksleadtogreatachievements. D.Naturegivesmorethanexpected.CAsglobaltemperaturescontinuetoriseduetohumaninducedclimatechange,preciseputerizedclimatemodelswillbecrucialinsheddinglightonhowourclimatewillevolveintheingyears.AstudypublishedinJournalofGeophysicalResearch:AtmospheresbyChloeClarkandherteamfromUCIrvinehighlightsasignificantissuewithamonlyusedclimatemodelknownastheEnergyExascaleEarthSystemModel(E3SM).TheresearchrevealsthatthismodelcurrentlyoverestimatesakeyphysicalpropertyofEarth’sclimatesystemcalledalbedo,whichisthedegreetowhichicereflectsplanetwarmingsunlightintospace.Albedoisameasureofthereflectivityofasurface,expressedasthefractionofiningsolarradiationthatisreflectedbythatsurfacebackintospace.ItisacriticalfactorindeterminingEarth’sclimateandenergybalance.Surfaceswithhighalbedo,suchassnowandice,reflectalargeportionofsolarenergy,whereasdarkersurfaceslikeforestsoroceansabsorbmoresolarenergy.“Wefoundthatwitholdmodelversions,theiceistooreflectivebyaboutfivepercent,”saidChloeClarke,“Icereflectivitywasmuchtoohigh.”Theamountofsunlighttheplanetreceivesandreflectsisimportantforestimatinghowmuchtheplanetwillwarmintheingyears.PreviousversionsofE3SMoverestimatedalbedobecausetheyfailedtoaccountformicrophysicalpropertiesoficeinawarmingworld.Thesepropertiesincludetheeffectsthingslikealgae(藻类)anddusthaveonalbedo.Darkcoloredalgaeanddustcanmakesnowandicelessreflectiveandlessabletoreflectsunlight.Todotheanalysis,ClarkeandherteamstudiedsatellitedatatotrackthealbedooftheGreenlandIceSheet.TheyfoundE3SMoverestimatesthereflectivityoftheicesheet,meaningthemodelestimateslessmeltthanwhatwouldbeexpectedfromtheicemicrophysicalproperties.Butwiththenewicereflectivityincorporatedintothemodel,theydiscoveredtheGreenlandIceSheetismeltingatarateofaboutsixgigatonsmorethaninoldermodelversions.Thisisbasedonalbedomeasurementsthataremoreconsistentwithsatelliteobservations.Clarkehopesherteam’sstudystressestheimportanceoftheseeminglyminusculepropertiesthatcanhavefarreachingconsequencesfortheoverallclimate.“Ithinkourworkisgoingtohelpmodelsdoamuchbetterjobofhelpinguscapturesnowandicerelatedclimatefeedbacks,”shesaid.Next,Clarkewantstostudydifferenticypartsoftheplanettocalculatehowwidespreadthealbedodiscrepancy(差异)isinE3SM.“OurnextstepsaretogetitsothemodelisfunctionalgloballyandnotjustvalidoverGreenland,”saidClarke,whoalsointendstoparethenewGreenlandIceSheetmeltratestoobservationstomeasurehowmuchmoreaccuratethenewicealbedois.“ItwouldbeusefultoapplyittoglaciersinplacesliketheAndesandAlaska.”27.Accordingtothepassage,albedo______.A.changeswiththelightnessofsurfacesB.matchesupwiththeshapeoftheiceorsnowC.isameasureofthesolarenergyarrivingatthesurfaceD.varieswiththedirectionoftheiningsolarradiation28.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?AThenewmodelismorereliablethansatelliteobservations.B.ThepreviousmodelversionsoverestimateGreenlandmelt.C.Modeladaptationimprovestheaccuracyofclimatepredictions.D.Scientistshaveusedthemodelgloballytoreducethediscrepancy.29Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minuscule”inParagraph7probablymean?A.Tiny. B.Invisible. C.Plain. D.Stable.30.Thelastparagraphiswrittento______.A.notethelimitationsofthefinding B.pointoutfurtherresearchdirectionsC.illustratethebenefitsofanewapproach D.sumupthechangesmadeinE3SMDCrucialsystemsacrosstheworldcollapsedonFriday,triggeredbyonemistakeinasinglepany.ThepowercutofCrowdStrike,agiantinthecybersecurityindustry,hitbanks,airlines,andhealthcaresystems.Itmayendupbeingtheworstinformationtechnologydisasterinhistory.Thiswasnot,however,anunforeseeablefreakaccident,norwillitbethelastofitskind.Instead,thedevastationwastheinevitableouteofmodernsocialsystemsthathavebeendesignedforhyperconnectedoptimization(优化),notdecentralizedresilience.Thereisoftenatradeoffbetweenmaximumoptimizationandresilience.Considerabasicprehistoricalsocialsysteminwhichmanyhumanslivedinsmall,isolatedbands.Whatanysinglepersondidwouldhavelittletonoeffectonthoselivingelsewhere.Itwasaninefficient,basicsystem—butifonepartofthehumansystemfailed,fewotherswereaffected.Throughoutouradvancementasaspecies,frombuildingempirestobuildingmachines,socialsystemshaveevolvedtobemoreconnectedandcentralized.Inthe21stcentury,thebinationofglobalizationanddigitizationhascreatedalandscapecharacterizedbythethreatofcatastrophic,immediaterisk.Globalizationenableslargeefficiencygains,whereaproductcanbeputtogetherfromcarefullymanagedlinksintheglobalsupplychain.Butthosesystemslackresilience.Everylinkmustfittogetherperfectly;thesystemfallsapartifevenonechainbreaks.Centuriesago,thephilosopherDavidHumewrotethatwecanneverbecertainthatthepatternsofthepastwillremainthepatternsofthefuture.Thisisespeciallytrueinthe21stcenturyaswearebettingmoreandmoreofourworldonunstablesystems.Canwereallytrustourspeciestoflawlesslygovernunimaginablyplexsystems—systemswedon’talwaysfullyunderstand—thatcanbebroughtdownbyasinglescrewup?Modernsocietieshavediscountedthecostofthatriskbecauseourcurrentrewardsystemsfavoroptimizationoverresilience.CEOstrytodelivershorttermimprovements,notlongtermplanning.Nobodygetsreelectedbyinvestinginarainydayfund.Businessleadersarehiredorfiredbasedonquarterlyresults.Eventhoughthemodernquestforoptimizationhastoooftenmaderesilienceanafterthought,itisnotinevitablethatwecontinuedowntheriskypathwe’reon.Andmakingoursystemsmoreresilientdoesn’trequiregoingbacktoadisconnected,primitiveworld,either.Instead,ourplex,interconnectedsocietiessimplydemandthatwepromiseabitofefficiencyinordertoallowalittleextracushion(缓冲).Ifsocialsystemsrelyonamorediversedigitalarrayofpanies,thesocietieswillbelessvulnerable(脆弱的).Forthebroadersetofrisksfacingglobalsociety,betterregulationisessentialtoensurefailsafes,backups,andstresstesting—sothatoneerrordoesn’tbringdownentiresystems.TheCrowdStrikebreakdownisaclearwarmingthatthemodernworldisfragilebydesign.Sofar,wehavedecidedtomakeourselvesvulnerable.Thatmeanswecandecidedifferentlytoo.31.TheauthormentionstheCrowdStrikemainlyto______.A.highlightitscrucialroleincybersecurity B.introduceaninformationtechnologycollapseC.explainwhypeopleareinaconnectedsystem D.indicatepredictablefailuresofthemodernsystem32.Whatcanbeinferredaboutamoreglobalizedsystem?A.Itleadstoahighlyadvanceddigitalizednetwork.B.Ittendstoprioritizeadaptabilityoverproductivity.C.Itenlargestheimpactoflocalerrorstoaglobalscale.D.Itguaranteesimmediateeconomicrewardsforparticipants.33.Asforthefutureofsocialsystems,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Themoredisconnectedtheyare,themoreresilienttheywillbe.B.Someefficiencyshouldbesacrificedformoreflexibility.C.Longtermplanningpreventsstructuralbreakdowns.D.Historycanhelppeoplepredictfuturepatterns.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Hyperconnectivity:ThePriceofPerfectionB.AWakefulWarning:TheLessonfromCrowdStrikeC.SystemCollapse:AnInevitableTechnologyDisasterD.Resiliencevs.Optimization:ADebateforBetterSystems第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Imagineyou’vebeenworkingforhoursbeforeadeadline,butyoufeellikeyou’regettingnowhere.You’restartingtofeelreallyanxious.Atthispoint,youmightstarttoblameyourselfforhavingthisemotion.Nowyouhavetwoemotions:feelinganxiousaboutgettingworkdoneandfeelingfrustratedthatyouareanxious.Whenthesecondemotiongetslayeredontopofthefirstemotion,youoftenfeelworseandareevenlesslikelytoreachyourgoals.Youmaynowbewonderingifitispossibletomakethesecondemotionlesslikely.____35____.Manypeoplehaveheardof“mindfulness”.Itisoftenassociatedwithdoingameditation(冥想)practice,butitsessenceistobemoreawareandacceptingofyourpresentmomentexperience.____36____Acceptancecanlimitjudgmentalthoughtsandunhelpfulsecondaryemotions.Letmeexplain.Pictureyourselfinachallengingsituationlikethescenariodescribedaboveandyoufeelanxietyarising.Insteadofgettingupsetatyourselfforhavingthisemotion,youbringyourawarenesstotheexperienceoftheemotionandacceptit.Youmightfeelthatthisanxietyisnotfuntoexperience.____37____Withthisattitudeofacceptance,andsteppingawayfromthetendencytofightagainsttheemotion,youarelesslikelytogetstuckinaloopofjudgmentalthoughtsthatmighttriggermoreunwantedemotions.____38____Butevidencesuggeststhatitworks.Thatisprobablybecauseacceptingyourselves,includingyouremotions,relievespressure.Youstopaddingfueltotheemotionalfirewhenyoureleasejudgmentalthoughtsaboutyouremotions.____39____Forinstance,youcouldturndownthevolumeontheinitialemotion,perhapsbyseeingthesituationfromanewperspectiveoraskingsomeoneforsupport.A.Thankfully,researchsuggeststhattheanswerisyes.B.Youcan’tbeproductiveevenwhenyouhavemoreinnerspace.C.Thenyoumayquestionifyouarefeelinganxiousaboutgettingworkdone.DYetyouknowyoucanbreatheitthroughandthatitisjustapassingemotion.E.Sometimestheexperienceincludesanunpleasantemotionyoudon’twanttofeel.F.Itmightsoundunreasonablethatembracinganunpleasantemotioncanbeagoodthing.G.Youalsocreatemoreinnerspacetodeterminewhetheryoucandosomethingthathelps.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。TheCambridgeDictionarydefinescuriosityas“aneagerwishtoknoworlearnaboutsomething”whichesinvarioustypes.IanLeslie,inhisbookCurious,outlinesthreetypes:“adventurouscuriosity”,thedesiretoexplorenewplacesandpeople;“intellectualcuriosity”,thedeepdiveyoutakewhenfindingoutaboutaparticulartopic;and“empatheticcuriosity”,thewantingtofindoutmoreaboutthepeoplearoundus.Aschildren,webubbleoverwithcuriosity.However,aswegrowup,itcanfade.Worse,wecanetobelievethatit’sabadthing.Afterall,didn’titkillthecat?Neurosciencesuggestsoneexplanationforthisdecline.Brainsinearlychildhoodpossessgreatplasticityandlaydownlotsofneuralpathwaysbasedontheinformationwegatherfromallthatcuriousexploringandexperimenting.However,aswegrowolder,ourbrainslosesomeofthatflexibility.Andwerelyonthoseearlierpathwaystodealwiththethingswe’veseenanddonebefore.It’sawayofconservingbrainenergyforeconomyandpetenceincopingwithordinarylife.Whateverunderliesourshrinkingcuriosity,researchrepeatedlyshowsthatwe’dbebetteroffcontinuingtocultivateit.Curiosityislinkedtolowerlevelsofanxiety,agreatersatisfactioninli