北京市崇文区高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（1）(1).doc

北京市崇文区2015高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（1）及答案阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。 people tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email researchers from open university in britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this the team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to each other, to solve a problemthey had to discuss this question: if only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? the pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computersdrjohnson said, “they told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the internet as when they talked face to facewhen the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation” generally the information was not extremely personalit was mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to livebut some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiencesdrjohnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselvesand when they do this, they become more open , especially if there are no cameras“if you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourselfthis is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of youso emailing has become the modern way of talking” said drjohnsonhowever, this style of talking is not entirely new“in the 19th century people started to use the telegraph to communicatenow the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely”drjohnson thinks that e-mailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company“if you dont know about it, you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to ”17the subject discussed in this passage is ahow people open up when emailing bhow people do research studies chow to communicate at work dhow to discuss and solve a problem 18the reason that some couples talked freely about themselves is that athey didnt talk about very personal things bthey couldnt see each other cthe cameras on the computers were turned on dthey had to discuss a question 19what do the underlined words （in para4） refer to?athe telegraphbthe computercemailingdface-to-face talk20in the writers opinion, one should afocus on oneself when emailing btalk more freely in email than usual cdiscuss any subject that one wants to dconsider how one uses email at work 【参考答案】e) abcd阅读理解limit the use of private cars, improve public transport and encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion(拥挤) during the 2008 olympics, experts from foreign countries advised beijing on friday. professor nigel wilson, of the civil and environmental engineering department of massachusetts institute of technology, said he was supportive to the limiting of private cars during the olympic games, saying that in foreign countries, the method is also adopted during big events, but he was unsure about the approach. the government planned to keep an average of more than one million cars off the roads to improve traffic flow during the olympics, said liu xiaoming, deputy director of the beijing traffic committee, at the china planning network first urban transportation congress. sharing wilsons view, dr. yoshitsugu hayashi, dean of the graduate school of environmental studies of nagoya university, believed the reduction in car use should be achieved not by banning, but through incentives. drivers who dont use their private cars could be given points, he said, and the points could be exchanged for goods from online shopping. wetzel stressed limiting the use of company cars. governmental officials should also be encouraged to use public transportation or ride bicycles, he said, adding that he himself is a bicycle-rider in london. matthew martimo, director of traffic engineering with citilabs, said the bicycle was chinas advantage. limiting private cars is an idea worth trying but it is just a temporary solution, he said. the real cause of congestion is high density of people in beijing and many have cars. beijing, with a population of 15 million, is home to more than three million automobiles, and the number is rising by 1,000 a day. professor wilson said the olympic games was a great opportunity for beijing to think about traffic problems and develop transportation, adding that the city had already been making public transport more efficient. beijing has promised to stretch its 114-kilometer city railway to 200 kilometers before the opening of the olympic games. “we are looking forward to borrowing beijings experiences and drawing from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 olympics,” said wetzel.16. the underlined word incentives in paragraph 4 means_. a. something that encourages people to tryb. online shopping c. points could be exchanged for goodsd. award17. it can be seen from the passage that _. a. the government planned to forbid over 1 million cars to run on the roads during the olympics. b. banning private cars is the best way to solve traffic congestion in beijing c. beijing now has 200 kilometers of city railway d. the use of company cars will not be limited18. why did wetzel stress “ he himself is a bicycle-rider in london”? a. to limit the use of company cars. b. to encourage governmental officials to use public transportation or ride bicycles. c. to show that riding bicycles is good for health. d. to show that he loves riding bicycles.19. which of the following may be the reason for the traffic congestion in beijing? a. the 2008 beijing olympic games. b. the number of cars in beijing is rising by 1,000 a day. c. the large population in beijing and the large number of cars. d. public transport in beijing is not efficient.20. the purpose of the passage is _. a. to limit the use of private cars, improve public transport b. to encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion during the 2008 olympics c. to borrow beijings experiences and draw from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 olympics d. to tell the advice given by foreign experts on traffic congestion during 2008 beijing olympics 全解全析本文报道了外国专家对解决2008北京奥运会交通拥挤问题所提出的一些建议。a 词义猜测题。由下面两行可知答案。a 细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知答案。b 推理判断题。他以自己为例子就是鼓励政府官员多用公共交通工具或多骑自行车。c 推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段可知答案。d 推理判断题。文章第一段就是文章的主旨。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。athe british national health service (nhs) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country. before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals.nowadays central government is directly responsible for the nhs although it is administered by local health authorities. about 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the national insurance contributions paid by those in work. there are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on income support, are exempt from payment.most people are registered with a local doctor (a gp, or general practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community. as the population of britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. nhs hospitals many of which were built in the nineteenth century provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. the nhs is the biggest employer in europe although britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her european neighbours.during the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the health service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). at the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the nhs, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging gps to compete for patients. patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and gps would have more financial responsibility. the political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the nhs and where it should come from.1 we can know from the first paragraph that _.a. the original aim of the nhs was to provide equal basic health care for everybodyb. people didnt have to pay for health care since the nhs was set upc. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948d. the nhs was an organization which gave free advice to villagers2 what do we know about the nhs?a. its managed by the central government.b. its cost is mainly paid for by the national insurance contributions.c. it hires more people than any other unit in europe.d. fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.3. all the following statements about gps are true except that they _.a. take care of the local peoples healthb. often take part in competitions to see who is the bestc. work under high pressure nowadaysd. have more responsibilities than before4 what does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean?a. sufferingb. different c. preventedd. free5. the biggest problem for the nhs is _.a. many hospitals are too old to be usedb. some services are in the charge of individualsc. more and more patients go to gps for treatmentd. there is not enough money for further reform全解全析ccbdd国家保健中心由中央政府直接负责，但由地方当局管理。建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，尤其儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。c。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段最后一句可知，建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，而不是针对所有的人，所以前两项错误。c。细节理解题。根据第4自然段“the nhs is the biggest employer in europe”可知。从第二自然段第一句可以看出国家保健中心由中央政府直接负责，但由地方当局管理，所以a项错误。b。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段话“and encouraging gps to compete for patients”可知政府鼓励全科医生之间相互竞争，而不是让他们进行竞赛，看谁的医术高明。d。猜测词义题。前面提到医生开药方及给病人治疗牙病需要收费，再结合but一词可推断儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。d。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段最后一句可知。safety and security proceduresyour safety and the security of your personal property are of the primary concern to those of us who welcome you as our guest. we urge you to take advantage of the following suggestions. your vehiclelock your vehicle and do not leave money or valuable items inside. we are not responsible for their loss. travelingbe observant (机警) when sightseeing or traveling. stay in well-lit and heavily traveled areas. dont display large amounts of cash. guest room securityfor additional security use the deadbolt (插锁) provided on your door and make sure the windows are locked. as an additional precaution (预防措施), please secure the secondary locks provided. do not admit anyone to your room without first making identification. a one-way viewer is provided in your door to assist with identification. if there is any doubt about the persons identity, please contact the front desk. safety boxes do not leave money or valuables in your room or vehicle. we provide free safety boxes for your use. hotel is not responsible for items left in room valued over $200. keyssafeguard your key. please do not leave it in the door. do not give your key to others or leave it unattended. please leave your key at the front desk when you check out. reporting please report any suspicious activity, or safety concerns to management.fire please familiarize yourself with the nearest fire exits. report fire or smoke to the hotel operator. in the unlikely event of a fire, please move quickly and calmly to the nearest safe exit and leave the building. avoid the use of elevator. 5. the suggestions are most probably from _. a. a hotel manager b. a police officer c. an experienced traveler d. a tour guide 6. which of the following is true? a. it is advised to travel to places where there are few people. b. the hotel is not responsible for anything you lose. c. dont report to the manager unless you are sure something is going wrong. d. youd better use the deadbolt and the secondary locks for safety.7. if you feel doubtful about a stranger who knocks at the door, you should _. a. let the person in after you have got his/her name b. open the door to check the persons id card c. call the front desk to make sure d. contact the local police for assistance8. what does the underlined part “in the unlikely event of a fire” mean? a. in case a fire happens, though it is not very possible. b. if a fire happens when some big events are taking place. c. in case a fire happens in a public building. d. if a fire breaks out and it is getting out of control.参考答案 / adca 议论文的阅读阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务healthy knees arent the main consideration in choosing high heels，but new research says chunky heels are just as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos(细高跟鞋)“it takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis (骨关节炎)and once you do it，it is too late，” said dr.casey kerrigan，leading researcher of the study and associate professor at harvard medical schools department of physical medicine.“i compare it to smokingone cigarette is not painful，but over a lifetime it is.wideheeled shoes feel comfortable，so women wear them all day long，” kerrigan said.“they are better for your feet than stiletto heels，but just as bad for your knees.”in the study，researchers had twenty women wear two pairs of shoes with threeinch heels，one with a narrow heel and the other with a thick one.the scientists compared how much pressure was put on the womens knees by both types of shoes.the women also walked barefoot to test normal pressure.the scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees.compared with walking barefoot，the heels increased pressure on the inside of the knee by 26 percent.increased pressure on the knee eventually leads to arthritis，experts say.the idea that high heels are bad for your health isnt newscientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes，tendonitis，knee pain，sprained(扭伤)ankles and back problems.but in 1998，kerrigan and a team of harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis，a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage(软骨)surrounding the knee.the first study looked only at stiletto heels，and kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky highheeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.“this study confirms what we all intuitively(直觉地)know that highheeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health，” said dr.glem pfeffer，a san francisco doctor and member of the american academy of orthopaedic surgeons who was not connected to the study.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要_ _.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项1we learn from the passage that women choose chunky heels because _.athey want to walk comfortably bchunky heeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto heeled pairscchunky heels do less harm to kneesdchunky heels are not painful at all2the study mentioned in the second paragraph found that _.apressure on the foot is caused by high heelsbthe pressure is abnormal while walking barefootcarthritis i