北京市高考英语一轮复习 第14讲 时态和语态经典精讲练习（上）.doc

第14讲 时态和语态经典精讲（上）开篇语本讲在高中学习中的地位及考查形式： 时态和语态在高考中的地位是非常重要的。它不仅在单项选择题中考查，而且对阅读理解非常有帮助，学生们通过学习时态和语态，能够对阅读理解中比较复杂的句型有更好的理解。另外，时态和语态对于书面表达也有很大的帮助。中学生进行书面表达时，在时态和语态当中出现的错误非常多，所以如果复习好时态和语态，有利于书面表达的得分。 开心自测开心自测详解题一：can we meet tomorrow afternoon?not in the afternoon, im afraid. i _. a. will be working b. am going to work c. am about to work d. will work题二：it is generally _ that new industries _ for the southern part of the country. a. agreed; are needed b. agreed; to be neededc. agreeing; are needing d. agreeing; needed题三：i wonder if you could go with me to the cinema.dont disturb me. i _ a composition all the morning and havent finished yet. a. write b. was writing c. have written d. have been writing题四：-i dont believe that john can remember what the robber was like.-youre quite wrong. i know it was dark, but he _ the robbers face. im sure of it.a. did see b. was seeing c. had seen d. would see题五：-my uncle will be here to attend a meeting tomorrow.-oh, i thought that he _ today. a. was coming b. is coming c. will come d. could come主要考点梳理高考必会的13种时态 以动词learn为例：时态例句一般现在时she english every day.一般过去时she english yesterday.一般将来时she english tomorrow.过去将来时she said (that) she english.现在进行时she english now.过去进行时she english when i came in.将来进行时she english at nine tomorrow.现在完成时she english for three hours.过去完成时she said (that) she english for hours.将来完成时she english for three hours before i return.现在完成进行时she english since nine oclock.过去完成进行时she said (that) she english since nine oclock.将来完成进行时she english for three hours before i return.高考必会9种被动语态 以动词clean为例：被动语态例句一般现在时的被动语态our classroom every day.一般过去时的被动语态our classroom just now.一般将来时的被动语态our classroom soon.过去将来时的被动语态she said the classroom soon.现在进行时的被动语态our classroom now.过去进行时的被动语态the classroom when i came in.现在完成时的被动语态the classroom twice today.过去完成时的被动语态she said the classroom twice today.将来完成时的被动语态the room before you come.看三年高考动词时态试题，悟解题之三要素，动词时态是高考的重点也是必考语法。但许多考生在做题时仍然是凭感觉做题，做了后没感觉，对自己所选答案没任何的把握，进而也对动词时态的学习失去了信心。希望能帮助广大考生走出困惑，助考生一臂之力。其实考生做动词时态试题时只要从以下三要素考虑，一定能取得实效的。动词时态解题之第一要素-时间状语考生在做动词时态试题时，先看题干中有没有时间状语的暗示。不同的时间状语代表说话或动作发生的时间点或时间段，分别使用不同的时态。考生应该记住一些常用的时间状语分别与什么时态使用，这是解题之关键。此类考点是高考时态试题测试的重点。考生应该重点掌握。常与一般现在时使用的时间状语有：every day, every saturday, often, always, once a week, every few years, etc;常与一般过去时使用的时间状语有：the other day, yesterday, last year, in 1946, once, a few days ago, two years ago, etc；常与一般将来时使用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week/friday, in three hours, etc;常与现在进行时使用的时间状语有：now, at present, right now, etc;常与过去进行时使用的时间状语有：at this time yesterday/last week, etc;常与将来进行时使用的时间状语有：at this time tomorrow/next friday, etc;常与现在完成时使用的时间状语有：since 1998, ever since, so far, up till now, recently/lately, in the past few years, in the last decade, during the past five years, etc;常与过去完成时使用的时间状语有：by+过去时间状语用过去完成时，before；常与将来完成时使用的时间状语有：by+将来时间状语用将来完成时常与现在完成进行时使用的时间状语有：all day, all afternoon, all week, these days, all the time，etc.高考题示例（斜体部分为高考题的正确答案，加粗非斜体部分是时间状语暗示部分）1. this coastal area was named a national wildlife reserve last year. 2. im tired out. i have been shopping all afternoon and i dont seem to have finished anything. 3. every few years, the coal workers have their lungs x-rayed to ensure their health. 4. every year a flood of farmers arrive in shenzhen for the money-making jobs they have been promised before leaving their hometowns. 5. up to now, the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died. 6. his sister left home in 1998, and has not been heard of since.7. over the past decades, sea ice has been decreasing in the arctic as a result of global warming.8.i know a little bit about italy as my wife and i went there several years ago. 9. i have to see the doctor because i have been coughing a lot lately.10. joseph has been going to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “whats your name?” in russian. 动词时态解题要素之-固定句型此类考点在高考时态试题中测试得不多，但是考生必须记住以下句型中常用的时态。遇到这方面的时态考题时就能迅速定位，轻而易举地找到正确答案。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句用将来时，从句要用一般现在时态代替将来时态。在宾语从句中，主句用过去时态，从句要使用相应的过去时态。按时刻表固定要发生的动作，通常用一般现在时。如：the plane takes off at 4:30.i was doing sth. when sth. happened.i was about to do sth. when sth. happened.i was on the point of doing sth. when sth. happened.i had just done sth. when sth. happened. (when：这时，强调一个动作的突然发生)1). i was walking along the river, when i heard a drowning boy cry for help.2). i was about to leave when it began to rain.3). i had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.祈使句+ or/otherwise + sb will(not) do sth. 或祈使句+ and + sb will(not) do sth.start right away or youll miss the first train.it was (not ) + 时间段+before +一般过去时 过了一段时间就it will (not )be+ 时间段+before +一般现在时 要过一段时间才会it is/ has been +时间段+ since sb. did sth.it was +点时间+ when sth. happened1). it was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. 不久他就意识到他处境危险。（动作已发生）2). it will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这个学校毕业。（动作未发生）3). it is 3 years since he worked here.=he left here.（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）4). it was 3 oclock when they received the telephone.表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图。had hoped to do=hoped to have done.类似的词还有：expect, think, intend, design, plan, mean, suppose等。would like/prefer/ love to have donewas/ were to have donewas/were supposed to have done1).did you go to see the film “titanic” last night? id like to have, but i had an unexpected guest.2). the plane was to have take off at 7 this morning, but was held up by the heavy fog.if +were/ did (动词过去式)， 主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+do（用来表示对现在情况的假设）。i dont have a cell phone. if i had one, it would be convenient for me to contact others.if +had done (过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+h