2012年职称英语考试综合类A押题.doc

2012年职称考试复习范围综合类阅读理解文章综合A一级重点+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not【逃亡】（新增）+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way【选择她自己的路】（新增）+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa【非洲的流行音乐】（新增）+第三十八篇Why So Many Children【为什么有这么多的孩子】（新增）+第四十七篇Narrow Escape【九死一生】（新增）综合A二级重点+第三十六篇A Tale of Scottish Rural Life【一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事】+第四十八篇Finding Enlightenment in Scotland【苏格兰启蒙运动】+第四十九篇The Beginning of American Literature【美洲文学的开端】+第五十篇Older Volcanic Eruptions【远古火山喷发】+第四十篇New US Plan for Disease prevention【美国疾病预防新政策】+第四十一篇The Operation of International Airlines【国际航空公司的经营】+第四十三篇Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?【建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗】+第四十四篇American Get Touchy【越来越爱肢体接触的美国人】+第四十五篇Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer【女性在迷你裙上逗留的时间更长】综合A三级重点+第三十九篇Eat to Live【为了活着吃饭】+第四十二篇Sauna【桑拿浴】+第四十六篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed【捍卫进化论仍必要】2012年职称考试完形填空复习范围综合类完形填空文章A级+第十一篇School Lunch【学校午餐】（新增）+第十二篇A Powerful Influence【强大的影响】（新增）+第十三篇The Old Gate【古老之门】（新增）+第十四篇Family History【家族史】（新增）+第十五篇Helen and Martin【海伦和马丁】（新增）阅读理解综合类A一级重点文章第三十四篇To Have and Have Not【逃亡】（新增）第三十五篇Going Her Own Way【选择她自己的路】（新增）+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa【非洲的流行音乐】（新增）+第三十八篇Why So Many Children【为什么有这么多的孩子】（新增）+第四十七篇Narrow Escape【九死一生】（新增）第三十四篇To Have and Have Not【逃亡】It had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest. 1 Having nothing better to do, I joined in and won five, and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds, I had to get out for a while. I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others, it didnt have a sign shouting its name and business, and instead of the usual impersonal modem lighting, there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing was displayed in the window. Not put off by this, I went inside. It took my breath away. I didnt know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957Stratocaster guitar, also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $ 50. I ran my hand along a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more . . . “Can I help you?” She startled me. I hadnt even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment 1 felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her. 2Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age; she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly. I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. “I was just looking really”, I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus. The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. 3There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish ， so many old documents arid papers. I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. “They look interesting”, I said, with some hesitation. “To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience”, she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didnt add anything. She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. “This is the best book I can give you at the moment”, she laughed. “If you use it. ” I opened the book to find it full, or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the hook in my pocket, thanked her and left. 练习：1. Why did the writer want to leave the hotel?A) To enjoy the good weather. B) To have a change of scene. C) To spend all his winnings. D) To get away from the crew. 2. What attracted the writer to the shop?A) The lack of a sign or name. B) The fact that it was nearby. C) The empty window display. D) The light coming from inside. 3. The writer found the stock in the front of the shop_. A) of top quality B) of good value C) difficult to get at D) badly displayed 4. What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him?A) It made him feel self-conscious. B) She was happy to stare at him. C) She seemed to know him well. D) It made him want to look away. 5. The writer disliked the back room because_. A) there was hardly anything in it B) she had ordered him to go there C) he saw nothing he really liked D) it was too dark to took around 答案1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 第三十四篇 逃 亡在宾馆里闲待一个下午是很无聊的。巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。因为没有什么事情可以做，我加入了他们并且赢了五局，之后我找了个机会带着我赢的钱退出了游戏。尽管天色看起来不是很好，我还是决定出去走一走。我向前走到了街道另一边的一个小店里。与其他的小店不同，它没有吸引眼球的名字和主要经营的项目，取而代之的是普通的霓虹灯，里面则是吸引人的强光。奇怪的是并没有什么影子映射在窗户上。我并没有因为这个而停住脚步，我走了进去。我屏住呼吸，不知道看哪里也不知道从哪里开始看。一面墙上挂着三个手工缝制的美国壁毯，十分美丽，可能是新做的。我穿过易拉罐和散落的小玩意儿还有古董家具，在我面前的一面墙上挂着一个崭新的1957年的Straocaster吉他。一张五十美元的卡插在琴弦上。我的手抚摸着放唱片的架子，读着标题。这里还有很多的“我可以帮助你吗?”她吓了我一跳。我没有看见在柜台后面的女人。她看我的方式如此居高临下，这一时让我很紧张像是被一种磁场或是电场紧紧包裹住。很难避开那个眼神。但是尽管很不舒服，我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉对我来说不陌生，对她来说也不陌生。除了愉悦以外她的神情还流露出慈爱和怜悯。我猜不出她的年龄。尽管她的眼神充满了友善，她使我想起了我的祖母。我能感觉到她是一个不喜欢与人争吵的人。最后我开口说话，“我真的只是看看”，私下里却在好奇有多少东西能够塞进汽车。她转身离开到后面的屋子，示意我应该跟随其后，但这并非是第一个房间，房间的灯光也让我感觉很特别，灯光来自天花板上的油灯，使一切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。这里没有罕见的电吉他，没有古老的项链，没有鲜花装饰的手绘盒子。很明显它是陈旧的用来存放垃圾和那些平淡无奇的旧文献的。我发现了一些旧书，那些金字已经退去使题目很难辨认。“它们看起来很有趣。”我迟疑地说。“要想了解上面所写你必须有相似的经历。”她清楚地说。她察觉到我的脸上充满了疑惑可是却没有再说什么。她伸出手拿了一本小书然后递给了我。“这是目前我能够给你的最好的书”，她笑着说道，“如果你要用它”。我打开书发现全部是一片空白，但依然给了她向我要的几美元，当我察觉到美元依然是纸飞机的形状时不免有些尴尬。我把书放到包里，谢过她并离开了。+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way【选择她自己的路】When she was twelve, Mafia made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic “finishing” schools. There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria or her mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools: the “classical” schools and the “technical” schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools. Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses in modem languages, mathematics, science, and accounting2. Most people including Maria s father believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them. Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father s approval. She finally did, with her mother s help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. Maria s father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her. In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the “Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti”in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modem subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient. 练习：1. Maria wanted to attend_. A) private “finishing” school B) school with Latin and Greek C) technical high school D) school for art and music 2 In those days, most Italian girls_. A) went to classical schools B) went to “finishing” schools C) did not go to high school D) went to technical schools 3. You can infer from this passage that_. A) girls usually attended private primary schools B) only boys usually attended technical schools C) girls did not like going to school D) only girls attended classical schools 4. Maria s father probably_. A) had very modern views about women B) had very traditional views about women C) had no opinion about women D) thought women could not learn Latin 5. High school teachers in Italy in those days were_. A) very modern B) very intelligent C) quite scientific D) quite strict 答案1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 第三十五篇 选择她自己的路当她12岁的时候，玛利亚做出了她人生道路的第一个重要决定。她决定继续读书。对于大多数来自中产阶级家庭的女孩子来说，小学毕业就都选择待在家里，尽管有一些参加了教会办的女子精修学校。在那她们学习一些音乐、艺术、针线活，以及如何礼貌交谈。这些并不是玛利亚所感兴趣的或者可以说也不是她妈妈感兴趣的。此时，她对待学习更加认真。她不停地读书，他走到哪里就把书带到哪里。有一次她甚至把数学书带到了剧院里，设法在黑暗中学习。玛利亚知道她想要继续正规学习。她想要到公立高中去学习，很少有女孩子这样做。在当时的意大利，有两种形式的高中，一种是“传统”学校，另一种是“技术类”学校。在传统学校中，学生们都依照一种非常传统的教学方式学习，包含拉丁语、希腊语及文学课，还有意大利的文学与历史。极少数能继续学习的女孩们也大多选择这类学校。但是玛利亚打算去技术类学校。技术类学校比传统学校要现代得多，他们提供的课程有现代语言、数学、自然科学，以及会计学。包括玛利亚父亲在内的大部分人都认为，女孩子是不可能弄明白这些科目的。另外，他们也认为女孩子不适合学习这些。玛利亚并不在乎适合与否。数学和自然科学是她最感兴趣的学科。但是在她报名之前她必须争得她父亲的同意。最后在她母亲的帮助下她成功了，尽管过去很多年她的家庭关系依然很紧张。她的父亲一直地反对她的计划，而她的母亲却帮助她。1883年，玛利亚13岁的时候考取了罗马的“Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti”学校。她在这个学校的经历对我们来说难以想象。尽管课程包括现代学科，而教学方式却是十分传统的。学习包括记忆长长的词条和事件，然后向老师复述。学生们不会以任何的方式被提问或是自己思考。老师非常苛刻，课堂纪律十分严格，未达标准或者不守纪律的学生会被给予严厉的惩罚。+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa【非洲的流行音乐】Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way: Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today. Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric s most popular song, “Land of A Little Something” is about Kenya s problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live. Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women1. Baaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment He says that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one s family, and saving the environment2. One of South Africa s most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito. In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world. 练习：1. This passage is about how African pop music is_. A) usually about love and romance B) more serious than most pop music C) popular with young people in Africa D) mostly written just for entertainment 2. For people outside of Africa, African pop music is_. A) the same as other pop music B) not usually very interesting C) entirely strange to them D) both familiar and different 3. The musicians mentioned in this passage all_. A) write about serious problems B) studied in the United States C) lost their homes at a young age D) write songs in a new pop style 4. Eric Wainaina_. A) prefers to sing in English B) listened to traditional music C) studied music in Boston D) performs only in the United States 5. Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problems of women partly because_. A) she has had a difficult life herself B) there are many problems in Tanzania C) she has had an easy life herself D) there are no other women singers 答案1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 第三十七篇 非洲的流行音乐非洲国家的年轻音乐家们创造了一种流行音乐的新形式。音调与旋律不仅有传统的非洲因素也有当下十分流行的各种形式，比如嘻哈、说唱打击乐、摇滚、爵士或者是瑞格舞。这样就使这种音乐让世界各地的听者都觉得很熟悉，而它又是典型的非洲音乐。这种音乐在另一方面也有所不同：很多音乐有着严肃的主题，与当今非洲重要的社会问题和政治问题相关。Eric Wainaina是这些非洲音乐家的其中之一。他成长于肯尼亚内罗毕的一个音乐世家。少年时期他就听美国的流行音乐，之后就读于波士顿Berklee College学习音乐。现在他在肯尼亚发了一张CD。他最红的歌曲是“Land ofA Little Something”，这首歌是有关肯尼亚行贿受贿问题的。他希望人们听他的歌曲然后思考如何让肯尼亚变成更好的居住地。另一个写有关严肃主题音乐的音乐家是来自坦桑尼亚的Witness Mwaijaga。她的个人经历让她能够切身体会非洲妇女所受的苦难。她15岁的时候失去了家，但是比起和她一样无家可归的年轻人来说她很幸运。她可以靠写歌和在街头卖唱维持生计。在她18岁的时候，她成为一个明星。她用嘻哈和说唱的风格写歌，歌曲的内容是坦桑尼亚的各种问题，特别是艾滋病和女性权利的缺失。来自塞内加尔的Baaba Maal也认为流行音乐不仅仅是为了娱乐。他在塞内加尔说过，故事的讲述者往往是重要的人物。在过去，他们是人民历史的书写者。他认为写歌者也拥有同样的责任。他们必须写他们周围的世界，帮助人民明白如何使它变得更好。事实上，歌词的内容十分重要。他倡导在非洲要和平与协作，同时也包括妇女权利、热爱家庭和保护环境。南美最流行的音乐家之一是Brenda Fassie。她可以与美国流行巨星麦当娜媲美，因为她的舞台表现力震撼人心。但是她也喜欢让人深思。20世纪80年代她因为一首有关反对种族隔离的单曲而一炮走红。现在种族隔离已经终止了，她的歌曲有关于南美政治和文化的其他方面。她使用传统的非洲语言与一种新的流行形式库威多来歌唱。近些年，非洲以外的人们都开始听这些年轻音乐家的歌曲。通过音乐，年青一代的音乐家使非洲与世界其他的地方相连接，同时也影响着世界的其他地方。+第三十八篇Why So Many Children【为什么有这么多的孩子】In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Women in these countries have a high birth ratefrom 3. 0 to 7. 0children per woman. The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care for their families. Why do they have many so children? Why dont they limit the size of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. There are several reasons for this. One reason is economic. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age1. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War II, Italy s economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the world s lowest. However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate (7. 0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth. Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. 2 This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independen