初高中英语衔接（bee）.doc

第一讲 英语中的词类 （parts of speech）一. 名词 noun 普通名词 如，foreigner, soap, law 专有名词 如，New York, Lenovo, Tom 考点回顾：1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加_，例如：bookbooks， boyboys，penpens, doctordoctors, orange_, bridge_ .（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加_，例如： classclassesboxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes. （3）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：factory_, country_, family_。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加_，如：boy_, day_。（4）以o结尾的词多数都加_。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo_，radio_，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo_，piano_。（5） 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为_再加-es，例如：knife_，leaf_, half_。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法情况 读法 例词 在ptkf等清辅音后 _cups, hats, cakes 在sztd3F等音后 _ glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches, faces 在bdgv等浊辅音后 _beds, dogs, cities, knives （6）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如： tooth_，foot_， mouse_, an Englishman two_, German_, a woman doctortwo _.有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但也有fishes指_, waters 指_.（7）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police, cattle, staff 等.（8）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（9）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses, the Olympics。（10）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有： 科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths 专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls， 其他名词：news, fallse.g. The 2012 Olympics _(在举行) in Lundon. (held) The pair of trousers _(已经修补好了). (mend)2不可数名词“量”的表示方法（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any，等表示多少，too much完成下列句子。The rich man has _ moneyThere is _ milk in the bottleIs there _ water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres _snow and ice 3. 名词所有格 10分钟的路程_ 教师节_ 一张中国地图 _ 一满勺子汤_ 两杯水 _ 我父亲的一个朋友 _ 两英镑的价值 _ 一条船的长度 _二. 冠词 article不定冠词 a/an e.g. 一次机会_ 一本有用的书_ 一个双人房间_ 一个诚实的人_ 一次展览_定冠词 the 第一个学生_ 最美丽的女生_ 奥运会_ 这座房子_ 那个人_ 那些电视节目_ 这些花儿_ 月亮_ 春节 _1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room【练习答案】1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B二. 代词 pronoun 人称代词 主格： 宾格： 形容词性物主代词： 名词性物主代词： 反身代词：疑问代词：关系代词: 不定代词：三. 数词 numeral(省略)【演练】1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? -_, thanks. Id like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -Never mind. You can have _. A. us B. ours C. you D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve _ this term? -Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? -Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is _ here? -No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, youll have to pay _ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. -Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang? -Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America? A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. -Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe? -No. _ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15. Who taught _ English last term? Was _ Mr. Smith? A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. -That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in her _ hand? A. another B. other C. one D. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18. -Is there a bus to the zoo? -Im afraid theres _ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is _ classroom. Where is _? A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs【练习答案】1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C第二讲 形容词、副词四. 形容词 adjective1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （_） The fish went bad. （_）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （_）(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have _(重要的事情) to tell you. (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (3)“The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.”表示“越. 就越.”。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) “形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”, 表示 “ 越来越.”。 Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容词，表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.五. 副词 adverb2. 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （_）Life here is full of joy. （_）When will you be back? （_） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He has never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。它们也可以用作关系副词，引导_。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在_。如果动词带有宾语，则放在_。例如：Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：他通常早起。（usually） _我从未听到他唱歌。（never）_她极少生病。（seldom）_3)程度副词rather, very, enough 的区别。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.程度副词very 与much的区别She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.They did not talk much.【演练】1There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D. few4She isnt so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best5Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well6He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest7I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too11. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily12. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry13. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as14. -This digital camera is really cheap! -The _ the better. Im short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more17. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes18. -One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of19. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less20. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something【练习答案】1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B第三讲 动词 verb六、动词分为 实义动词 助动词 情态动词及物动词 不及物动词动词的时态与语态变化谓语动词的时态与语态表翻译：1. 他每天早上七点离开家去学校。2. 上海位于中国东部。3. 哥伦布证明的确是圆的。4. 一旦你有问题，我会帮助你。5. 我过去常去那条河钓鱼。6. 我将尽全力赶上那些尖子生。7. 将会有一次军训等待着我们。8. 妈妈，我来了。9. 学生们正准备考试。10. 上个月他们在建一座房屋。11. 当我们到达车站的时候，他们已经等了我们两个小时。12. 我告诉他我会在车站与他告别。13. 动动脑子，你就会有办法。14. 到目前为止，我已经学了5年英语。15. 孩子们昨天晚上被照料得很好。16. 这些食物尝起来不错。非谓语动词的三种基本形式：_一、to do I. 动词不定式在句子中的作用1. 动词不定式作主语：To master a language is not an easy thing.Its my pleasure to help you.2 动词不定式作宾语：某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3 动词不定式作宾语补语 。We expect you to be with us.Please ask him to come here quickly.4 动词不定式作表语 ：What I should do is to finish the task soon.5 动词不定式作定语：There are many ways to solve the problem.6 不定式作状语：We went to the hospital to see our teacher.She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.II. 动词不定式的否定形式：The teacher told us not to swim in that river.III. 带疑问词的不定式：疑问词Iwho, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。Where to go is not known yet.I dont know when to begin.Do you know how to get to the station.IX. 动词不定式的时态：动词不定式一般时：表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。I helped him put the things into the car.Would you like to have a rest.动词不定式完成时： 表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.They seems to have known the answers.动词不定式进行时：表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调动作正在进行。They seem to be working hard.动词不定式的被动形式：表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。He is the man to be examined.There are much work to be done.二、doingI. 动名词在句中的作用.1 动名词作主语：Talking like that is not polite.Putting on more clothes is not so good .动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替， 而把动名词写在后面。Its no use waiting here, lets go home.2 动名词作表语The nurses job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3 动名词作宾语有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.Do you mind my opening the windows?She is found of collecting stamp.4动名词作定语She is studying in the reading room.动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词He pretend not knowing it at all.We considered not doing it now.II. 动名词的时态：动名词的一般时 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生I enjoy swimming in the big river.动名词的完成时 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。She regret not having studied the computer hard.Do you remember having promised me that?III. 动名词的被动形式 ：当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。His being looked down upon made him sick.I cant really stand being treated like that.IX. 动名词的几个特殊情况：1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以， 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。能跟动名词的动词有：avoid,consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant help, 等。能跟不定式的动词有：decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,三、分词在句中的作用分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。1. 分词作定语China is a developing country.Thats an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.The goat trapped in the hole is longing for help.The wounded soldiers are immediately sent to hospital.2. 分词作状语Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3分词作表语The story is interesting .We are interested in computer.The water is boiling.The water is boiled.4分词作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have, get后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。I have my hair cut.She gets her bike repaired.分词的否定形式。not + 分词Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesnt dare to go to school.分词的时态分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.分词的被动形式分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.形式意义用途不定式 起名词和形容词作用主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语动名词起名词的作用主语，表语，宾语，定语 分词 1） 现在分词2） 过去分词起形容词和副词的作用。 现在分词表示主动、进行、状态而过去分词表示完成、被动、状态表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语一,单项选择:1.The meeting _ next week is sure to