七年级下册英语第8单元知识点以及随堂练习.doc

Unit8 Is there a post office near here? (Grade7)话题：在街道上纹路并为他人指路教学目标：熟练运用there be句型 学会用英语问路的表达方式，并能够给别人指路重点：there be句型 问路指路表达方式重点句型：-Are there any restaurants near here? 这儿附近有餐馆吗？ -Yes, theres one in front of the post office. 是的，邮局的前面有一个。 -Where is the hotel? 旅馆在哪里？ -Its behind the police station. 它在警察局的后面。重点短语：post office police station pay phone Bridge Street Center Street Long Street near here across from next to betweenand in front of excuse me far from go along turn right/left on the/ones right/left in my neighborhood look like in life be free知识点：1. there be 概念：There be 表示一种存在的“有”，There be 结构只是表示一种状态也就是一种存在的关系。后多与介词短语的地点状语连用即“某地有某物”。（概念我们知道之后，就来一块看一下它的句子结构）句子结构There be+主语+地点介词短语 当然这个介词短语也可以放在句首There is a book on the desk.There is a pen on the floor.一般疑问句：Be there+主语+地点状语/时间状语？ 回答用Yes, there be./No, there be+not.用法在一般现在时中 There be 结构 be 的选择以 be 后的第一个名词来确定,我们把它叫做“就近法”原则。 也就是说，there be句型中这个be动词是有变化的，be 的选择跟着be 后的第一个名词来确定，如个这个名词是复数名词则用are 反之则用 is . 如果是一般过去时，用is或是are的对应的过去式就可以了。例：There are some books and a pen on the floor. There is a pen and books on the floor.这两个句子的中文意思是一样的，但在前面的句子中be 后面的第一个名词是复数名词所以be 用复数形式 are , 而后面句子的第一个名词为不可数名词没有复数形式所以用单数形式 is . （There are two cups of coffee on the table. There is a basket of apples on the table. 这两个句子中的前面一个句子中的coffee 尽管是不可数名词，但修饰限定它的量词为复数名词，这时应以量词来决定be 的选择，因此用 are 。 而后面句子中的名词apples 尽管是复数名词，但修饰限定它的量词为单数名词所以be 用 is .）可讲可不讲there be 与 have 的区别虽然汉语中there be 被翻译成为“有”。但是There be 结构只是表示一种状态也就是一种存在的关系。而have /has 则表示拥有即使一种所属关系也就是“某人用有某物”。例：There is a book on the desk.只是表示这本书在桌子上这一状态，而书不是属于桌子的，如果把书放到其它地方，这状态就不存在了。I have a book .则表示这本书是我的，不管这本书在哪里它都是属于我的，这就说明我拥有了这本书，哪怕是别人借走了，它都还是属于我的。这样举例说明让学生很清楚的了解到There be 和 have/ has 的区别。4. 常考点 对画线部分提问对There be 结构中的主语提问，这时我们不管主语是人还是物，是复数还是单数以及不可数名词，我们都用 Whats + 介词短语提问就可以了。例如：There is a book on the desk.（对划线部分提问）Whats on the desk? There are two girls in the room. （对划线部分提问）Whats in the room? 2.对There be 结构中主语的数或量提问，我们又必须注意主语是可数名词还是不可数名词，如果是可数名词，我们这时则用 How many + 复数名词+ are there +其它 ？这一句型。例如 There is a apple in the box.(对划线部分提问) How many apples are there in the box? There are three books on the desk. (对划线部分提问) How many books are there on the desk?这时我们不管名词是复数还是单数，只要是对可数名词的数提问我们都用 How many + 复数名词+ are there +其它这一句型。因为many后必须跟可数名词复数形式，所以我们在问句中始终用 are there +其它。如果是不可数名词的量提问时，我们则用 How much + 不可数名词+ is there + 其它 ？这一句型。例如 There is two cups of coffee on the table . (对划线部分提问) How much coffee is there on the table? 因为much后必须跟不可数名词，所以我们在问句中始终用 is there +其它。但在这里最值得注意的是当名词前有量词修饰限定时，对量词的数提问我们则用 How many +复数量词+ 名词+ are there +其它 ？这一句型。例如 There is a basket of apples on the table. (对划线部分提问) How many baskets of apples are there on the table? There are two cups of coffee on the table. (对划线部分提问) How many cups of coffee are there on the table? 从上面的两个例子中我们可以看到不管名词是可数还是不可数，只要对修饰限定的量词的数提问，我们就用How many +复数量词+ 名词+ are there +其它 ？这一句型。因为量词是可数的。对There be 结构+地点介词短语提问时我们都用 Where +be there +主语？这一句型。因为介词短语在句中作地点状语，所以我们用Where 来代替地点状语+一般疑问句的形式就可以了。例如 There is a book on the desk. (对划线部分提问) Where is there a book? There are three girls playing games on the playground. (对划线部分提问) Where are there three girls playing games? 现在我们共同来看一下，我们刚开始讲的那个小故事用英语应该怎么将？2. 问路与指路问路的表达方式：Where is the nearest hospital please?Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the Summer Hotel?Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the Bank of China?Hello! Is there a park near here, please?Excuse me. How can I get to the nearest post office?指路的表达方式：Turn left/right at Go along/down this street.Turn right at the third crossing, and then walk straight.Take the second turning on the right/left.Its across from/near/next to the hospital.You can take the No. 3 bus and get off at3. on Bridge Street 在大桥街上其中Bridge Street为专有名词，首字母需大写。类似的专有名词还有Long Street长街。Center Street中心大街。in the street 在街上（英国英语）on the street 在街上（美国英语）4. next to&nearnext to介词短语，表示贴近，紧靠Come and sit next to me.near介词，表示在的附近，还可作形容词，表示的“近”是相对的，反义词是farSuzhou is near Shanghai.5. in front of&in the front ofin front of强调一个物体在另一个物体外部的前面Mary is standing in front of the car.in the front of强调一个物体在另一个物体的内部的前面Cathy is sitting in the front of the car.5. excuse me. 打扰了。在英语中，直接用Can you tell me或者Is there？是不礼貌的，应当先说excuse me，意为“打扰一下”。还可用于向对方提出请求，询问情况等场合，向对方表示歉意或礼貌。excuse me&sorryexcuse me为客套话，常用于向别人问路，插画，请求许可，向对方询问情况等场合。Excuse me. May I ask you a question?sorry常用于因犯了错误或不能满足对方的要求而向对方表示歉意的场合。Im sorry I cant come to your party.6. How can I help you? 需要我的帮忙吗？这是一个常用的句子，也可以说成Can I help you?/May I help you?广泛用于商店，饭店，旅店，邮局，办事处等场所，作为对顾客的招呼语。7. Its not too far from here. 它离这儿不太远。far from意为“离远”，相当于far away from. 通常不与具体的数字连用， My home is not far away from our school.我家离学校不远。8. turn right/left at the+序数词+crossing=Take the+序数词+crossing on the right/left ones left/right 在某人的左边/右边Zhang Feng is sitting on my left. 张峰坐在我的左边。9. neighborhood 街区，街坊in the neighborhood 在附近 相当于 near herein the neighborhood of 在的附近We live in the neighborhood of the park.我们住在公园附近。10. spend take cost&payspend主语是人sb. spendon sth.sb. spendin doing sth.某人花时间/金钱做某事I spent 5 dollars on the book.take常用it作形式主语It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间It took his seven days to make the big cake.cost主语物sth. cost sb. some money某物花费某人多少钱The book cost me 5 dollars.pay主语是人sb. pay some money for sth.某人为某物付款I paid 5 dollars for the book.11. watchwatch sb. doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事 强调所做的事正在进行中watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事 所做的事为经常发生或已做过的事情类似用法的动词有：see sb. doing sth.see sb. do sth.hear sb. doing sth.hear sb. do sth.12. look like 看起来像What do/does+主语+look like?用来询问某人的外貌特征，意为“看上去怎么样？”-What does your brother look like?-He is short and thin.13. To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.to get there为动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语，放在句首起强调作用，也可放在句末。eg. T