虚拟语气的教学设计.doc

Teaching Design of the Subjunctive MoodTeaching aims 1. Let the students grasp the subjunctive mood and the rules of it.2. Enable the students to finish the exercises correctly after leaning it. Emotional aims 1. Arouse the students interest in learning this grammar.2. Make them realize the importance of learning the subjunctive mood.Teaching key points & important points 1. Get the students to learn to use the subjunctive and its rules.2. How to let the students finish all kinds of exercises correctly after it.Teaching methods Task-based teaching, individual and cooperative learning and practice.Teaching aids A multiple-media computer Teaching procedures Step I Leading-in Let the students appreciate several sentences about the subjunctive mood in Chinese. 1. 如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子 我有一千万吗？ 没有。 所以我仍然没有房子。 2. 如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。 我有翅膀吗？ 没有。 所以我也没办法飞。 3.如果把整个太平洋的水倒出， 也浇不息我对你爱情的火 整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗？ 不行。 所以我并不爱你。Step II The definition and rules of the subjunctive mood. 语气是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度，是一种动词形式。英语中的语气有三种：1 陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。He was famous for his theory.2 祈使语气（the Imperative Mood）用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Dont be worry.3 虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。一. 虚拟语气在条件从句中1、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：时间 If从句 主句现在 were/did wound/should/might/could do将来 were/didshould do wound/should/might/could do were to do过去 had done wound/should/might/could have done 1、与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时主句用过去将来时。2、与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时主句用过去将来完成时。3、与将来事实相反从句用过去时或将来时主句用过去将来时。eg.If I were you, I would go at once. eg.If I had met him yesterday,I would have told him about it.eg.I dont think that I shall fail. But if I should fail, I would try again.1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come2.-If he_, he_ that food. -Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately.( NMET 93) A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have taken C. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken3.If I _ in the twenty-second century, I _ my vacation in a very different way. A. should live; would spend B. will live; should spend C. are living;should have spent D. will be living; would have spent4. You didnt let me drive . If we _ in turn , you _ so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have gotII: 二.省略 if 的条件从句当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experimentIf I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.1. _ she a man, she might be elected president. A. If were B. Were C. Be D. Is2. _I had time, I would have gone over to see her. A. Did B. Were C. Had D. If3. -The taxi only took ten minutes to get to the hospital. - _ you were coming today, Id have met you at the railway station. A. Have I known B. I have known C. Had I known D. I had knownIII. 介词 without 引导的短语代替 if 引导的条件从句.有时if引导的虚拟条件从句，可用介词without 引导的短语来代替1. If there were no water, fish could not live. Without water, fish could not live.2. If you had not helped me, I would have failed.Without your help, I would have failed.3. If the Party didnt lead us, we could not realize .Without the Partys leadership, we could not realize . IV.错综时间的条件句1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定.1.If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 2.If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like thi 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country_ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been二 虚拟语气在宾语从句中 1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示坚持(insist) 命令(order, command)建议(suggest, advise, propose) ，要求(demand, request, require, desire), 等。2、宾语从句中的动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do例句 1. 我希望她能站在我一边。 I wish she would be on my side. 2.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。I wish I were 30 years younger.3.我希望你能找到一个好职业。I wish (that) you would get a good job.4.他想要是他没这样做该多好。He wished he hadnt done it.5.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 He ordered that the students(should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.记住：suggest/insist 各有两种意思,要用不同的语气（1） 当 suggest 当“建议”讲时，其后的宾语从句（should） + do 这种形式，否则用正常的动词形式, 这时suggest 的意思是“暗示”；1）The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 2)The look on his face suggested that he was happy.（2）insist: 译作“坚持要求”，从句用虚拟should +V；当“坚持认为，坚持说”则不虚拟，该用什么时态用什么时态。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. He insisted that he was right4. 在would rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中would rather that 现在：过去时过去：过去完成未来过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural,surprising ) that . ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。 1. Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 2. Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。3. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 注意：有些过去分词可以当形容词使用，在主语从句中要用虚拟语气，It is advised/commanded/demanded/ordered/ required/ suggested that we/you/ he/she (should) +动词原形It was required that each student should bring enough food on the trip.1. It is strange that she _ marry such an ugly man. A. would B. should C. will D. shall2. Its a great pity that you _so.A. think B. thought C. will think D. is thought三虚拟语气在表语从句中主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.四虚拟语气在同位语从句中同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should) be on time.五虚拟语气在 as if 从句中在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).1、as if 连接表语从句 She looked as if she were made of ice. He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.2、as if 连接让步状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. He speaks to us as if he had been there. 六虚拟语气的几个特例1. if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!2. Its (high) time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do Its time that you left here.你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.3. 一些短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without/But for your help, we would not make such rapid progress.Without electricity, human life _ quite different. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be4. 有时虚拟语气是通过上下文的语义表示出来的：He would have given you more help, but he was very busy.(If he had not been so busy) He was seriously ill, otherwise he would have come to our meeting.(otherwise = If he had not been seriously ill) 七高考题1. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have met3. If only I _ to my