土建专业英语.doc

由WESTBANK根据中华人民共和国水利部能源部联合发布的水利水电工程技术术语标准整理，鉴于篇幅空间限制，删除了定义部分和重复部分涵管 Pipe涵管座垫 culvert support焊缝 welding seam焊接变形 distortion of welding焊接残余应力 residual stress of welding夯实 tamping航道 waterway航道等级 grade of waterway航道断面系数 crosssection factor of waterway航道规划 Waterway planning航道及运河 Waterway and canal航道里程 kilomet rage of waterway航道设计水位 design stage of waterway航道通过能力 navigation capacity of waterway航道弯曲半径 curvature radius of waterway航道整治规划 Waterway regulation planning航道整治线 regulation line of waterway航道最小宽度 minimum width of waterway航空摄影 aero photography航空摄影测量（航空测量） aero photogrammetry航空摄影仪 aerial photographic camera航空像片（航摄像片，航片） aerial photograph航空遥感（机载遥感） aerial remote sensing航天遥感（星载遥感） space remote sensing航向重叠（纵向重叠） longitudinal overlap毫秒爆破 (微差爆破 ) msdelayed blasting毫秒延期雷管 (毫秒雷管 ) msdelay blasting cap耗水强度 intensity of water consumpting use(intensity of water requirement)合跳闸回路 switching tripping circuit合龙 final gap-closing合同监督 contract supervision合同仲裁 contract arbitration合闸 switching-on (switching-in)合闸电源小母线 switching source bus-bar合闸母线 busbar for breaker switching河岸式溢洪道 (岸边式溢洪道 ) river-bank spillway河槽(河床) stream chennel河槽集流 (河网集流 ) concentration of channel flow河槽阻力 resistance of river channel河长 river length河床变形计算 computation of river bed deformation河床变形相似 similarity of river bed deformation河床冲刷 scouring of river bed河床横向稳定系数 transverse stability coefficient河床式厂房 water retaining power house河床式水电站 water retaining type hydroelectric station河床演变 fluvial process河床淤积 deposition of river bed河床展宽 widening of river bed河床自动调整作用 self-adjustment of river bed河床纵向稳定系数 longitudinal stability coefficient河道安全泄量 safety discharge in river河道比降 (纵坡降 ,坡降) river slope河道测量 river survey河道水文测验 river hydrometry河道形态 River configuration河道形态与河床演变 River configuration and process河道整治 river regulation, river training河道整治 River training, River regulation河道整治规划 Planning of river regulation河道整治建筑物 River training structures河谷 river valley河口 river mouth(estuary)河口模型 estuary model河口三角洲 estuary delta河口演变 Estuary process河流 river河流地貌 river morphology河流及流域特征 Characteristics of river and basin河流及水系 River and river system河流模拟 Modelling of river河流模型 (河工模型 ) model of river河流泥沙 Sediment(silt)河流泥沙及河道整治规划 River Sediment and River Regulation Planning河流泥沙运动力学 Dynamics of river sediment movement河流数学模拟 Mathematical modelling of river河流梯级开发 cascade development河流物理模拟 Physical modelling of river河漫滩 flood plain河漫滩 flood plain河势 river regime河网密度 drainage density河西构造体系 (河西系 ) Hexi structural system河相关系 hydraulic geometric relation of river河源 river head(river source, head water)荷载 load荷载及安全系数 Load and safety factor荷载系数 load factor荷载组合 load combination恒定流 (定常流 ) steady flow恒压喷灌系统 constant pressures prinkler system桁架 truss桁架拱式渡槽 trussed arch aqueduct横波 transverse wave横道图 (甘特图 ) Gantt chart横缝 transverse joint横谷 transverse valley横基尺（基线横尺，夹角尺） subtense bar横拉闸门 horizontal sliding gate (lateral drawing gate)横向变形 transverse deformation横向围堰 transversal cofferdam衡重式挡土墙 shelf retaining wall红外测距仪（红外光电测距仪） infra-rad distance meter洪泛区 flood plain洪峰水位 peak stage of flood洪积 proluvium洪积扇 proluvial fan洪水 flood洪水保险 flood insurance洪水波 flood wave洪水调查 flood investigation洪水调节 flood regulation洪水痕迹 flood mark(highwatermark)洪水演进计算 (洪水演算 ) flood routing洪水预报 (洪水径流预报 ) flood forecast虹吸井 siphon well虹吸式取水 siphon intake虹吸式溢洪道 siphon spillway后备保护 back-up protection (reserve protection)后期导流 late-stage diversion后水箱水力自动弧形闸门 hydraulic operated radial gate with back tank后损 latter losses弧面支座 curved surface support弧形闸门 radial gate (tainter gate)湖泊水文测验 lake hydrometry湖积 lacustrine deposit蝴蝶阀 butter fly valve互感器 Instrument transformer互感器的二次负载 secondary load of instrument transformer护岸工程 bank protection works护角 steel corner (cornerite)护坡 slope protection护坦 apron华夏构造体系 (华夏系 ) Cathysian structural system滑动面 slip plane滑动式模板 (滑模) slip form滑动闸门 sliding gate滑动支承 sliding support滑动支墩 sliding ring girder support滑轮组 sheave block (pulley block)滑坡 landslide滑坡 landslide(landslip)滑坡壁 slip cliff滑坡舌 slip tongue滑坡体 slipmass滑雪道式溢洪道 skij ump spillway化学灌浆 chemical grouting化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand (COD)环境本底值 (环境状况 ) environmental background value环境回顾评价 retrospective assessment of environment环境现状评价 present situation assessment of environment环境影响报告书 environmental impact statement环境影响评价 Environmental impact assessment环境影响识别 identification of environmental impact环境影响与库区移民 Environmental Impact and Resident Relocation环境影响与库区移民 Environmental impact and resident relocation环境预断评价 prospective assessment of environment环境综合评价 integrating assessment of environment环形网络 ring network环形闸门 ring gate环氧砂浆 epoxy mortar缓冲器 dashpot缓冲器时间常数 time constant of damping device缓冲时间常数调整装置 damping time-constant adjusting device缓流 subcritical flow (tranquil flow)缓凝剂 retarder缓坡 mild slope换流 convertation换流变压器 convertert ransformer换流器闭锁 convertor blocking换流器解闭锁 convertor deblocking换土垫层 cushion of replaced soil换相 commutation换相电感 commutation inductancc换相失败 commutation failure换相失败保护 commutation failure protection恢复电压 recovery voltage回弹模量 (卸荷模量 ) modulus of resilience回弹指数 expansion index(swelling index)回流 whirlpool回路断线闭锁 circuit break blocking回收金额 recovery cost回收年限法 return period method回填管 buried penstock回填灌浆 filling grouting回油箱 (集油箱 ) oil return tank,oil sump tank回转半径 (惯性半径 ) radius of gyration汇流 concentration of flow汇势流 sink potential flow汇水面积测量（承雨面积测量） catchment area survey浑水灌溉 muddy water irrigation混合长度 (掺长) mixing length混合供水 composited water feed混合式开发 dam and diversion conduit type development混流泵 mixed flow pump混流式水轮机 (法兰西斯式水轮机 ,辐向轴流式水轮机 ) mixed flow turbine (Francis turbine)混凝土拌和系统 concrete mixing system混凝土拌和运输车 transit-mixer truck混凝土标号 concrete index混凝土的拌和与浇筑 Concrete mixing and placing混凝土非破坏性试验 non-destructive testing of concrete混凝土工程 Concrete works混凝土骨料 concrete aggregate混凝土浇筑 concrete placing混凝土浇筑温度 (入仓温度 ) placing temperature混凝土四面体 concrete tetrahedron混凝土围堰 concrete cofferdam混凝土养护 curing混凝土原材料 Concrete materials混凝土运输 concrete transportation混凝土运输车 agitator truck混凝土制备 Concrete preparation混凝土质量控制 concrete quality control混凝土质量控制与温度控制 Concrete quality control and thermal control混凝土重力坝 concrete gravity dam活动觇牌 moving target活动导叶 (导叶) guide vane,wicket gate活动桥 movable bridge活断层 active fault活荷载 live load活门 (阀芯) valve disc (valve plug,valve needle)活性指数 activity index火雷管 spark blasting cap火山地震 volcanic earthquake火山灰水泥 (火山灰质硅酸盐水泥 ) portland-pozzolana cement货运量 freight traffic tonnage机墩 (机座) generator pier机会成本 opportunity cost机壳 housing,casing机械化程度 mechanization degree机械清淤沉沙池 mechanical cleaning sedimentation basin机械设备完好率 rate of equipment usability机械台班费 machine-shift cost机械效率 actual machine efficiency机械修配 Equipment repairing机械修配厂 equipment repairing workshop机械修配系统 equipment repair and maintenance system机械液压式调速器 mechano-hydraulic governor机械制动 mechanical braking机组 Unit机组过水能力 maximum discharge of turbine机组加速时间常数 acceleration time constant of unit机组块 unit block机组自用电 unit service power机座 stator迹线 path line积算仪表 integrating instrument基本导线 primary traverse基本高程控制 basic vertical control基本工资 basic wage基本荷载 basic load (usual load)基本荷载组合 basic load combination基本平面控制 basic horizontal control基本站 base station基本站网 basic network基波分量 fundamental component基础埋深比 depth ratio基础约束裂缝 foundation restraint crack基床反力系数 coefficient of subgradere action基底压力 foundation pressure(gross loading intensity)基荷 base load基坑排水 Pit dewatering基流 base flow基岩 bed rock基准 datum基准年 datum year基准值 base value基准中心线 datum axis基座阶地 bed rock seated terrace激光经纬仪 laser theodolite激光水准仪 laser level激光准直法 method of laser alignment激光准直仪 laser collimator极点图 point diagram极惯性矩 (极转动惯量 ) polar moment of inertia极限荷载 (破坏荷载 ,极限压力 ,极限承载力 ) ultimate load极限平衡区 zone of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态 (极限应力状态 ) state of limit equilibrium极限强度 (终值强度 ) ultimate strength极限切除角 limit clearing angle极限切除时间 limit clearing time急变流 rapidly varied flow急流 supercritical flow集缆室 cable room集水井 drainage sump集水井 drainage sump (collecting well)集中药包 concentrated charge几何平均粒径 geometric mean diameter几何相似 geometric similarity几何扬程 (静扬程 ,实际扬程 ,地形扬程 ) static head计划管理 plan management计划价格 planned price计划指标 plan target计曲线（加粗等高线） index contour计算长度 (自由长度 ,等效长度 ) compute length计算机保护 computer protection计算机闭环控制 computer closed-loop control计算机开环控制 computer open-loop control记录仪表 recording instrument (registering instrument)技术措施 technological measures技术管理 Technical management技术经济分析 technicale conomic alanalysis技术责任制 technical responsibility system技术转让 (技术转移 ) technique transfer技术装备 technological outfit技术装备费 equipment-out fit cost技术装备率 (技术装备系数 ) technical equipment rate技术咨询 technical consultation季节性电能 seasonal energy继爆管 relay primacord tube继电保护 Protective relaying继电保护死区 dead zone of relay protection加冰拌和 ice mixing加工厂 Workingshop加工面 machined surface (finished surface)加劲环 (刚性环 ) stiffener ring加密高程控制 minor vertical control加气剂 air-entraining agent (AEA)加权平均场程 weighted average head加权平均粒径 weighted mean diameter加权平均水头 weighted average head加权平均效率 weighted average efficiency甲类钢 (A类钢) type A steel架空地线 (避雷线 ) earthed overhead line架空线 overhead line假彩色合成（多软片法，彩色合成） false color composite假定坐标系 assumed coordinate system假凝 false set假整合(平行不整合 ) disconformity间断冲洗式沉沙池 (定期冲洗式沉沙池 ) intermittent flushing sedimentation basin间断级配 gapgradation间断角原理差动保护 differential protection for dead-angle principle间接费用 indirect cost间接平差（间接观测平差） adjustment of observation equations间接水锤 (间接水击 ) indirect water hammer间曲线（半距等高线） halfinterval contour间隙气蚀 clearance cavitation间歇灌溉 intermittent irrigation监测仪表与自动化元件 Measuring instrument and automatic element监控系统 Monitoring system监视控制及数据采集 supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)减水剂 water-reducing agent减压板 pressure reducing plate减压阀 pressure reducing valve (throttle valve)减压井 relief well减压装置 pressure reducing device剪断销信号 shear pin signal剪断销信号器 shear pin annunciator剪力应 (切应力 ) shear stress剪切带 shear zone剪切弹性模量 (剪切弹性系数 ) shearing modulus of elasticity剪切刚度系数 coefficient of shearing stiffness剪切角 angle of shearing resistance剪切模量 shear modulus剪切破坏 shearing failure剪应变 (切应变 ) shear strain剪胀角 dilationangle剪胀性 dilatancy检测元件 detecting element检查廊道 inspection gallery检修备用容量 reserve capacity for repair检修密封 service seal检修排水井 service dewatering pit检修排水系统 service drainage system检修闸门 bulk head gate简谐推进波 simple harmonic progressive wave简支梁 simple beam,simply supported beam碱活性骨料 alkali-reactive aggregate建设单位管理费 owners management cost建筑物下游消能 Down stream energy dissipation建筑物自重 structure weight渐变流 gradually varied flow渐进性破坏 progressive failure键槽 key江河防洪 Flood control of river江心洲 island浆河现象 clogging of river浆砌石重力坝 masonry gravity dam奖金 bonus降水 Precipitation(rainfall)降水历时 duration of precipitation降水量 precipitation降水强度 intensity of precipitation降水曲线 drawndown curve (falling curve)降水日数 precipitation days降压变电所 step-down substation降雨径流的预报 rainfall runoff forecast降雨径流关系图 rainfall-runoff relationship降雨面积 (雨区) precipitation area(rain area)降雨入渗补给 infiltration recharge by rainfall交叉建筑物 Crossing structures交错层理 crossbedding交错浅滩 (坏滩) eciprocating shoal交换机 (电话总机 ) exchanger交流电动机的最大转矩 pull-out torque of a.c.motor交流励磁机励磁系统 excitation system with alternate-current exciter交流输配电 Transmission and distribution of alternating current交通廊道 access gallery交直流电源切换 AC and DC change-over交轴超瞬态电抗 quadrature-axis subtransient reactance交轴超瞬态短路时间常数 quadrature-axis subtransient short-circuit time constant交轴瞬态电抗 quadrature-axis transient reactance交轴同步电抗 quadrature-axis synchronous reactance浇筑块 block胶合层压木滑道 (压合胶木滑道 ) laminated wood slide track胶质炸药 dynamite角度交会法（前方交会法） angular inter section method角焊 fillet welding角接 corer joint角频率 angular frequency角形接线 (环形接线 ) angular connection (ring bus connection)角隅流 corner flow脚手架 scaffold阶地 terrace阶段验收 stage acceptance阶梯式布置 steped layout接触电压 touching voltage (contact voltage)接触管涌 piping on contact surface接触灌浆 contact grouting接触流土 quick condition on contact surface接触应力 contact stress接地 Earthing接地 earthing (grounding)接地刀 earth switch接地电阻 earth resistance (resistance of earthed conductor)接地短路电流 earthing short-circuit current接地故障电流 earthing fault current接地距离保护 earthing-fault distance protection接地体 earthed body (grounding body)接地网 earthed network接缝灌浆 joint grouting接力器 servomotor接力器摆动 hunting of servomotor接力器不动时间 servomotor dead time接力器反应时间 (接力器时间常数 ) servomotor response time接力器容量 (调速功 ) servomotor capacity接力器行程 servomotor stroke接力器行程偏差 servomotor stroke deviation接力器最短关闭时间 minimum servomotor closing time接力器最短开启时间 minimum servomotor opening time接力器作用力 servomotor force接线系数 connection factor节点 joint节点板 gusset plate节间 panel节理 joint节理玫瑰图 rosette joint diagram节流调节 throttling governing节水船闸 (省水船闸