定语从句难题的设置方法.doc

定语从句难题的设置方法 定语从句是高中阶段最重要的语法项目之一，它贯穿于整个高中三年教学过程之中，无疑它也是各类考试的热点。近几年来，命题者对定语从句的考查不再只是简单的测试引导词的选用，而是使用各种手段增加试题的难度。本文就将部分难倒了很多学生的定语从句题目加以分析和归类，帮助大家了解这些定语从句“难题”的设置方法和考查趋势，从而不再觉得棘手。设置方法一：通过变化句子结构来迷惑。这种方法打乱了同学们的正常思维，使大家一时难以抓住或找出问题的核心所在，从而出错。那么如何变化句子结构呢？（一） 、增加插入语。这无疑增加了试题的难度和迷惑性，学生只有真正弄懂了有关定语从句的知识，再加上一些去伪存真、删繁就简等方法和技巧，才能拨云见日，解决问题。1，Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play , _, of course , made the others unhappy .A, who C, which C, this C, which简析：通过增加插入语增加了此题的迷惑性，只要删除插入语of course，就能作出正确选择D。2. The film brought the hours back to me _I was taken good care of in the far-away village.A, until B, that C, when D, where简析：由于增加了插入语 back to me 使此题增加了难度：学生不容易找出先行词。去掉插入语后，就可发现是考查先行词是时间的定语从句，从而正确选出C。总之，通过增加插入语来考查间隔性定语从句是一个趋势，这样考也正好显出了定语从句考查的坡度，所以未来同学们还是要在这种方式的题目上多加注意。(二)、将句子结构倒置。定语从句与主句之间是从属关系，所以正常的定语从句一般放在主句和先行词的后边。现在命题者常常打破这种惯常思维，将先行词或定语从句放在了句子的前面。1. Next winter, _you will spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be another exciting holiday.A. which B. to which C. in which D. where简析：这道试题将定语从句放在了前面，中间又增加了插入语，使同学们很不习惯，容易误选B,其实它考查的是next winter做先行词的定语从句，故选A.2. Occasions are quite rare_ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (2008山东)A. who B. which C. why D. when简析：命题者将先行词放于句首，将定语从句与主句间隔开来，增加了试题的难度。Occasions表示“时机”，故用when来引导定语从句,答案D。（三）、 增减句子成分。定语从句必须是从句，且有先行词，有的命题者通过增减句子成分来增加试题的难度。1. Is this hotel _we were to stay?A. where B. which C. in that D. in which简析：这个句子同学们很容易误选D，其实该句缺表语（the one）,故选A，where引导的是表语从句而不是定语从句。2. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000silver pennies, _over 600 years old.A. all of them B. all of which C. all of it D. none of which简析：此题极易误选B,然而空格后边的并非是一个句子，它只是对前面的部分进行补充说明，所以应选A。在over前面加上were才能选B。3. The rich, for _ money is not a problem, wanted to stay at an expensive hotel.A. his B. whose C. whom D. their简析：此题易误选B，命题者通过增加状语for来增加了它的难度。正确的句子是：Money was not a problem for the rich. 所以应选C。设置方法二：通过其它句型来混淆。由于定语从句的引导词跟其它某些句型的关联词重合，所以命题者常常使用这种方法来考查同学们明辨是非的能力。而这些相似性恰恰也是大家难以掌握的，所以觉得确实困难。（一）、通过状语从句来混淆。例题：Would you please put the book _it belongs?A. to whom B. to which C. to that D. where简析：受到belong to的影响，同学们很容易误选B，然而由于该句没有先行词，可见它是个状语从句而不是定语从句，故应选D。比较下面两句：After the war, a new school building was set up at the place where there had once been a theatre.（定语从句）After the war, a new school building was set up where there had once been a theatre. （没有先行词，状语从句）(二)、通过考查与as的异同来混淆。1. _is known to all, China will be an _and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time. (94, Shanghai)A, That; advancing B, This; advanced C, As ; advanced D, It ; advancing简析： as 引导定语从句的一个典型特征就是能够放在句首，这也是它跟which的差别和考查热点。类似的题，上海市99年又再次出现：2. （Shaihai 99,4）_is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.A, Which B, As C, That D, It2001年全国高考题也与此几乎一模一样，可见做做历年高考题价值很大：3. (2001NMET, 34) _is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A, It B, As C, That D, what（三）、通过so/suchthat句型来混淆。利用同学们对so/suchthat 句型很熟悉的惯性，在定语从句中也增加so，诱使同学们上当。例题：Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an (= such a difficult) examination problem_ none of us worked out.A. that B. as C. so that D. which简析：此题同学们极易误选A，然而后边并不是一个完整的句子，缺宾语it，所以只能选B。比较：Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an (=such an difficult) examination problem _that_ none of us worked it out.(四)、通过并列分句来混淆。定语从句的功能是修饰主句的先行词，它隶属于主句，所以同学们要将定语从句与其它分句分隔开来。例1：Toms mother kept telling him to work harder, but _didnt help.A. which B. it C.he D. she简析：很多同学误以为此句测试非限制性定语从句从而选了A。 由于有but的连接，所以后面为并列分句，所以应选B，考查it的用法。例2：He lived in Beijing and _there is a Zhong Guan Cun.A. where B. in it C. which D. in which简析：此题容易误选A或D，其实这不是定语从句，所以应选B。设置方法三：通过变化先行词。定语从句中引导词的选用很大程度上受限于先行词，为了不让同学们轻易找出先行词，命题者也常常在先行词上做文章。（一）、选用抽象化的先行词。近年来对定语从句的考查还有一个特点就是，先行词由过去的表示具体实物的名词或代词逐渐转向抽象化的名词或代词。抽象化的先行词使学生既不容易找到对应的引导词，有时又不容易选择出正确的介词搭配，所以成了难题。1，He has got himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane.(2001, Shanghai, 37)A, where C, which C, while D, why简析：situation 不像place, village等名词一样，很明显地表示是地点，所以学生一时还难以想到用什么引导词。但是，考虑到in(to) the situation 这个短语中的介词in(to) ,我们还是能想到用 in(to) which ,进而想到用引导词 where .2, Did you change the direction _they went up the hill?A, by which B, in which C, to which D, from which简析：由于此题先行词比较抽象，加上同学们受到母语的影响，所以错误率较高，最易误选D。将定语从句倒过来：They went up the hill _the direction. 这时就较容易选出介词 in 来。比较下题：3，I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognise who she was, she had run back in the direction _she had come. (2006重庆)A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which简析：此题又涉及到from /in the direction 的差异，它们的出发点方向刚好相反。答案D。4，Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment ,_ I will always treasure.（NMET2002,35）A. that B. one C. it D. what简析：首先发现这道试题没有which这个选项，就应警觉这不是一个简单的非限定性定语从句题目。如果同学们知道将one换成它所指代抽象名词短语an unforgettable moment ，这道题目就容易多了，原来是考查省略了that的定语从句。（二） 、对先行词进行隐藏或伪装。1.-Is this the small town you often refer to?-Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. (2005福建)A. that B. which C. where D. what简析：这是一道设置得非常好的高考试题。命题者对先行词进行了转化隐藏，让考生一时难以找到