《商法学》商法英语词汇库.doc

商法学商法英语词汇库商法总论商人法 law merchant 商法commercial law mercantile Law Business Law 禁反言 estoppel 商事关系commercial relation 主观主义标准standard of subjectivism 客观主义标准standard of objectivism商事法律关系Legal commercial relation商人人格关系commercial personality relation商事营业关系commercial business relation新商人主义标准Standard of neo- merchant creed 民商立法体制civil and commercial legislative system民商分立体制separation system of civil and commercial codes民商合一体combination system of civil and commercial codes分合折衷体制eclecticism legislative system主观意义的企业business客观意义的企业enterprise商主体 merchant commercial person商行为 commercial action商事代理commercial agent商业名称trade name行纪人broker公司corporation company合伙partnership合股公司 joint-stock company特许公司 chartered corporation注册公司 registered corporation法定公司 statutory corporation无限公司 unlimited corporation有限责任公司 limited corporation股份有限公司 limited by shares母公司 parent corporation子公司 susbsidiaries上市公司 quoted corporation公司集团 groups保证公司 limited by guarantee慈善公司 charitable corporation控股公司 holding corporation; holding company公开公司publicly held corporation闭锁公司closely held corporation公公司a pub1ic company私公司a private company一人公司one-man company公司治理corporation governance公司人格corporation personality契约束nexus of contract公司法人格否认Disregard of Corporate Personality刺破公司面纱Piercing the Corporate Veil揭开公司面纱，Lifting the veil of the Corporation普通合伙general partnership有限合伙Limited partnerships合伙人partner有限责任limited liability公司章程articles of association注册证书certificate of incorporation articles of incorporation发起人的受托义务Promoters fiduciary obligation认购协议 subscription agreement既成事实公司de facto corporation法律上的公司de jure corporation公司设立瑕疵defective incorporation受托人义务fiduciary obligation结论性证据conclusive evidengce股份share股息dividends 关联第三方connected third parties 出资（投资）invest 股东shareholder 小股东 minority shareholder 单个股东individual shareholder 消极股东passive shareholder积极股东active shareholder刺穿公司面纱pierce the corporate veil揭开公司面纱lifting the company veil逆向合并 reverse merger收购公司acquiring company正向合并forward merger股权收购share acquisition收购公司acquiring company收购目标公司target company资产收购asset acquisition公司责任liability of corporation公司结构（组织）Corporation constructure董事director高级职员Officer股东权Powers of shareholder选任elect 解任remove年会（常会）annual meeting兼并merger解散dissolution自愿解散 voluntary dissolution法院解散 judicial dissolution清算 liquidation wind up董事会 board of directors累计投票权cumulative voting right任期term董事的延期holdover director董事的解除removal of director董事会会议directors meeting公告notice法定人数quorum少数lower number绝对多数super majority自己表决present at vote多数higher number unanimous written consent objection by director委员会committee细则bylaw董事长president公司秘书secretary股东诉讼shareholders action breaking quorum股东的信息获取权shareholders informational right股东的帐簿与记录检查权shareholders inspection of books and records公司融资corporation finance财务报告financial report损益表 income statement资产负债表balance sheet年度报告annual report季度报告quarterly report掺水股票watered stock trust fund theory许可authorization发起人promoter营业执照 trade charter票面价值par value misrepresentation theory优先购买权pre-emptive right库藏股treasury shares受托责任fiduciary duty public offerings of securities有价证券security权益证券equity security债务证券debt security债券bond filing of registration statement普通股 common stock优先股 preferred stock资本capital授权且己发行资本authorized and issued Capital授权资本（名义资本）authorized capital、nominal capital己发行资本issued capital已缴资本paidup capital待缴资本uncalled capital催缴股本 called-up capital保留资本reserve capital股权资本 equity capital 借贷资本 loan capital声明股本stated capital票面价值 par value,缩写为 PV无票面价值 no par value 缩写NPV 法定资本制 legal capital system授权资本制 system authorized Capital转投资 reinvestment资本确定原则prinzipdes festen grund kapitals资本维持原则principle of maintenance of capital资本不变原则Prinzipder Bestandingkedes Grund kapitals重组re-classified股票再分割sub-divide注销cancel注册资本the registered capital分配 distribution公司登记官the Registrar合并股份consolidate分割股份divide库存股treasure stock减资决议a resolution for reducing share capital红利股bonus shares雇员持股制度an employeesshare system设立报告incorporatorsreport资本不足inadequate Capitalization最低资本额制度grundsatz des mindestgrund kapitals商业登记官the commercial Register授权资本额the amount of the authorized capital创立主义konstruktionsprinzip、Incorporation净资产net assets、 net worth资本盈余 paid-in surplus缴付盈余 paid-in surplus减资盈余reduction surplus泡沫法案The bubble act合股公司法The joint-stock companiesAct泡沫废止法The Bubble Act Repeal Act代理理论Principal-agent Theory契约的集合nexus of contracts越权行为 ultra vires act特许公司中chartered corporation优先债权人senior creditor次位债权subordinated creditor公司治理 corporate governance股东之公平对待the equitable treatment of shareholders股东之权利the rights of shareholders信息揭露及透明性disclosure and transparency董事会的责任the responsibilities of the board股权代理人proxy监事会aufsichtsrat , supervisor board董事与公司间之交易self-dealing动机不纯之公司行为corporate action with mixed motives挪用公司或股东财产the taking of corporate or shareholder property代表诉讼 derivative suit少数股东权 derivative action董事义务与责任 shareholder right and liability买回 repurchase交叉持股 cross ownership重整 corporate reorganization股东会 shareholder meeting董事会 board of directors独立董事 Independent Director内部董事inside director公司经理人officer外部监察人 outside supervisor 执行委员会executive committee 监察委员会audit committee 报酬委员会remuneration committee 提名委员会nominating committee经营判断原则The Business Judgment Rule关系人交易 conflict of interest股份收买请求权 appraisal right资本不足under capitalization未遵守公司形式failure to follow corporate formalities公司财务报表、功能、或人员之重叠overlap of corporate records function or personnel资产混淆commingling of assets股东之支配能力shareholder domination不实陈述misrepresentation）诈欺fraud 具有支配权之股东 dominant shareholder公司机会corporate opportunity无表决权股non-voting share多数表决权股 multiple-voting share表决权信托voting trust认股选择权制度stock option新股认购权warrant章程(组织)大纲 英国称为memorandum of association 和 articles of association,而在美国则被称为articles 和bylaws。公司分割corporate dvision资本收益capital gain公司分立spin-Off、split-Off 及split-Up模范公司法model business corporation act注意义务duty of care了解公司业务之义务duty to become informed询问义务duty of inquiry了解后为决定之义务duty of informed judgment监督义务duty of attention忠诚义务duty of loyalty与公司为合理交易之义务duty of fair dealing公司债debenture公司债所有者bondholder 证券法证券 securities证券法 securities law资本市场 capital market证券市场 securities market中国证券监督管理委员会 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)股票、股权 share; equity; stock上市公司 listed company机构投资者 institutional investor个人投资者/散户 retail / private investor证券中介机构 securities intermediary证券公司；券商 securities company; broker-dealer自营 proprietary trading 证券交易所 securities exchange纽约证券交易所 NYSE，New York Stock Exchange 巴黎证券交易所 Paris Bourse 交易大厅 trading floor 证券登记结算机构 securities registration and clearing institution证券行业自律组织 self-regulatory organization for securities证券监督管理机构 securities regulatory authority证券发行 offering of securities; issuing of securities证券分析 securities analysis 公开发售 public offering; distribution 配股 rights issue/offering 红股 bonus share；红利;股息 dividend 购买力 purchasing(Buying) Power 招股说明书 prospectus新股/初始公开发行 initial public offering(IPO)收购兼并 merger and acquisition资产重组 reorganization 证券发行审核制度 verification system for securities offering发行人 issuer机构投资者 institution公开发行 public offering 私募发行 private offering; private placement发行价格 issuing price平价发行 face value issuing溢价发行 premium issuing折价发行 discounted issuing新发行 new issue 发行日 offering date 已发行流通股 issued-and-outstanding Stocks认购比率 subscription ratio 股东 stockholders ; principals登记日 record date 承销 underwriting承销团 underwriting syndication上市 listing of securities上市公司 listed company被摘牌的公司被摘牌的公司 delisted company 上市辅导 pre-listing tutoring上市推荐人 listing sponsor证券交易 trading of securities主板市场 main board 二板市场 second board创业板市场 start-up board高科技板块 high-tech sector 场内交易 on board transaction场外交易 off board transaction柜台交易 over-the-counter transaction信用交易 margin transaction流动性 liquidity; marketability流通性 negotiability要价 offer卖方要价 offering (asked) Price 场外委托 off-floor order 场内委托 on-floor orde对敲指令 matched orders 市场价格 market price 市场价值 market value 面值 face value 除息日 ex-dividend(XD)(without dividend) date 到期日 expiration date 除权 ex-right(XRT)行情显示 on the tape 股市行情 the ups and downs of the stock market大盘 the big board 行情看涨 Bullish行情看跌 Bearish股价指数 index成份指数 component index CAC-40 Index 法国巴黎CAC-40指数道琼斯工业指数 Dow Jones industrial average（DJIA）德国法兰克福DAX指数Frankfurt DAX Index 英国伦敦金融时报指数 Londons FTSE 100 那斯达克 NASDAQ，National Association of Securities Deal Automated Quotations 日经指数 Nikkei Index 拉塞尔2000指数 the Russell 2000 标准普尔500指数 the Standard and Poors 500 交易授权 trading authorization当日委托指令 day order竞价系统 ask-bid system开盘价 opening 开盘委托指令 opening only order 收盘价 close收盘指令 At-the-Close Order 按市价 At-the-Market 下降顶点趋势 descending tops回调谷 dip 整理区 distribution area双底 double bottom双顶 double top托盘 holding the market横盘 horizontal price movement支撑区 support 支撑线 support level趋势 trend 趋势线 trendline 总成交量 total volume行情显示系统 ticker tape 抛售 dumping跳水 in the tank放量（买/卖） climax(buying/selling)清仓 liquidation价差 spread 冻结账户 frozen account 攫利者 stag暴利windfall profit 滞胀 stagflation 萧条 stagnation 旺市 tight market 疲软市场 soft market 提供消息 tip 投机 speculation （股票指数）创历史新高 record high 总成本 total cost 交易日 trade date 交易商 trader 交易授权 trading authorization 买空 short purchase卖空 short sale平仓交易 closing transaction佣金 commission股票交易印花税 stamp tax for stock transaction股票交易所得税 capital gains tax for stock transaction 证券结算 securities settlement清算 clearing交收 delivery市盈率 price-earning ratio每股收益率 earning per share (EPS) 换手率 turnover rate业绩报表 earning report财务报表 financial statement 损益表 income statement 信息披露 information disclosure金融违规行为 financial irregularities /improprieties 证券欺诈 securities fraud虚报盈利 inflate profits 虚假帐务 deceptive accounting 内幕交易 insider trading内幕人 insider操纵市场 manipulation of securities market关联交易 related-party transaction股票 stock未发行股票 unissued Stock周期性股票 cyclical stock工业股票 industrial stock 普通股 common share优先股 preferred share劣后股 deferred share蓝筹股 blue chip stock红筹股 red chip stock A股 人民币普通股票B股 人民币特种股票H股 中国境内发行，在香港上市的股票存托凭证 depository receipt(DR) 记名股票 registered stock不记名股票 unregistered stock国有股 state share 法人股 legal entity share 社会公众股 public share流通股 exchange-traded share非流通股 non-exchange-traded share股票期权 stock option认股权证 warranty配股rationed sale of stock回购 redemption债券 bond国债; 政府债券 treasury bond; government bond 凭证式国债 registered treasury bond无记名国债 unregistered treasury bond记帐式国债 record treasury bond金融债券 financial bond; bank debenture 公司债券 corporate bond企业债券 corporate bond可转换公司债券 convertible bond国际债券 international bond外国债券 foreign bond欧洲债券 Eurobond全球债券 global bond债券信用评级 debt rating金融衍生品 financial derivatives证券投资基金 securities investment fund信托型基金 trust-type fund契约型基金 contract-type fund公司型基金 corporation-type fund合伙型基金 partnership-type fund开放式基金 open-end fund封闭式基金 close-end fund股票基金 stock fund债券基金 bond fund 基金发起人 fund promoter基金托管人 fund custodian基金份额持有人 fund holder 基金合同 fund contract基金收益 fund profit基金管理费 management fee基金托管费 custody fee破产法破产 bankruptcy; insolvency破产法 bankruptcy law；insolvency act 破产程序 bankruptcy proceedings; bankruptcy procedure 集体程序 collectivized process实体规则 substantive rules破产成本 bankruptcy cost 破产法院 bankruptcy court 债务期限 debt maturities破产规则 bankruptcy rules破产人 bankrupt已解除债务的破产人 discharged bankrupt 未解除债务的破产人 undischarged bankrupt债务人的破产 bankruptcy of the debtor担保人的破产 bankruptcy of the guarantor全民所有制企业 enterprises owned by the whole people经营管理不善 poor operation and management严重亏损 serious losses公用企业 public utility enterprises破产债务 bankruptcy debt到期债务 mature debts；debts that are due拖欠的债务 a delinquent debt不能偿还债务 inability to pay debt强制还债 coerce payment强制执行 coerce execution自愿还债 voluntary payment变现 realization重新承认债务 reaffirmation财产和债务清单 schedule of assets and liability破产行为 act of bankruptcy 破产申请 bankruptcy petition; file to declare the debtor bankrupt个人破产 individual insolvency; personal bankruptcy消费者破产 consumer bankruptcy公司破产 company insolvency; corporate bankruptcy消费者破产 consumer bankruptcy会计报表 accounting statements债务清册 a detailed list of debts债权清册 a detailed list of claims发布公告 make a public announcement 公司解散 company winding up自愿撤回 voluntary dismissal破产案件的驳回 dismissal of case启动破产案件 initiation of bankruptcy case强制破产 involuntary bankruptcy自愿破产 voluntary bankruptcy欺诈破产 fraudulent bankruptcy宣告破产 adjudication of bankruptcy; declaration of bankruptcy债权人会议 meeting of creditors; committee of creditors; creditor meeting表决权 right to vote债权人会议主席 the chairman of creditor meeting 破产管理人 administration; receiver破产受托人 trustee合理谨慎义务 due diligence and care破产通知书 bankruptcy notice 债权，请求权 claims申报债权 filling proof of claims; report claims登记债权 register the claims债权申报期满 the expiration of the period for reporting claims债权人会议的决议 resolution of the creditor meeting债权人的利益 creditors interest债权人的救济 creditors remedies撤销权 avoidance powers无效 null and void行使撤销权 in pursuance of avoidance可撤销交易 voidable transaction可撤销的优惠 voidable preference赠与和低价交易 gift and transactions at an undervalue 欺诈性转让 fraudulent transfers偏颇性清偿 preferences顺向担保 downstream guaranties逆向担保 upstream guaranties交叉担保 cross guaranties公平的对价 fair consideration不当行为 irregularity无偿转让 gratuitous alienation欺诈性交易 fraudulent trading不当交易 wrongful trading潜在损失 potential loss抽逃 remove低价交易 transaction at an undervalue非正常压价 abnormally depressed price放弃债权 disclaim；abandon ones claims免除 release规定的 prescribed无担保的债权人 unsecured creditors有担保的债权人 secured creditors有财产担保的债权 claims secured with property无财产担保的债权 claims not secured with property债权证明 proof of claim债权持有者 claimholder申请前产生的债权 pre-petition claim申请后产生的债权 post-petition claims延迟申请的债权 tardy claims一般债权人 ordinary creditor预期债权人 prospective creditor优先债权人 preferential creditor优先权 preference优先地位 preferred status债权评估 valuation of claims; claims assessment为分配而进行的债权评估 for distribution purposes债权的等级 hierarchy of claims 债权的分类 classification of claims为表决而进行的债权评估 for voting purposes工资，雇员的福利债权 wage and employee benefit claims批准 confirmation 破产财团 property of estate自由财产，豁免财产 exemptions; exempt property放弃自由财产 waiver of exemptions共有财产 co-owned property破产后获得的财产 postpetition property取回权 right of reclamation; right to retrieve申请后的取回权要求 postpetition demand for reclamation债权人的分配顺序 priority of postpetition creditors破产财产的分配 distribution of assets债权人的抵销权 creditors right of setoff债务人免责 discharge of debtor破产清算 insolvency liquidation; sellout清算组 liquidation team破产清算人 insolvency liquidationer(IP) 接管破产企业 take over the bankrupt enterprise破产财产的保管，清理，估价，处理和分配 keeping, putting into order, appraisal, disposition and distribution of the bankruptcy property解除合同 terminate a contract 破产费用 bankruptcy expenses优先拨付 prior deduction 清偿要求 repayment needs同一顺序 a single order of priority注销登记 cancellation of registration债务重组 work-out司法挽救 judicial rescue和解 composition; settlement达成和解协议 reach a settlement agreement和解协议草案 a draft settlement agreement执行和解协议 implement the settlement agreement终结破产程序 terminate the bankruptcy proceedings程序性协议 procedural agreement重整;整顿 reorganization; payout重整方案 plan of reorganization整顿期满 the expiration of the period of reorganization终结整顿 terminate the reorganization最大利益标准 best interest test绝对优先原则 absolute priority rule对债权的差别性待遇原则 discrimination between classes of creditors社会保障 social security跨国破产 transnational bankruptcy; international bankruptcy跨界破产 cross-border insolvency; cross-frontier insolvency 保险法保险 insurance保险法 insurance law风险管理 risk management 保险功能 insurance function 风险; 险别 risk投机性风险 speculative risk投资风险 investment risk特殊风险 extraneous risks险别 coverage危险事故 peril 承保范围 risk insured, risk covered；coverage保险监督管理机构 insurance regulatory authority保险业 insurance industry保险机构 insurance institution保险公司 insurance company保险公司条例 insurance company ordinance大数法则 law of large numbers概率 probability 边际效用递减原理 principle of diminishing marginal utility of wealth 偿付能力 solvency保险基金 insurance fund保险保障基金 Insurance Protection Fond赔款准备金 claim reserve已报未决保险赔款 claims in the course of settlement未报未决保险赔款claims incurred but not reported保险标的 insurance object保险利益 insurable interest财产的保险利益 insurable interest in property人身（寿）的保险利益 insurable interest in lives道德风险 moral risks; moral hazard商业保险 commercial insurance社会保险 social insurance自愿保险 voluntary insurance强制保险 compulsory insurance基本险 primary types of insurance附加险 secondary types of insurance再保险 reinsurance重复保险 multiple insurance; overlapping insurance; concurrency; double insurance; concurrent insurance射幸合同 contigency contract赌博合同 wagering contract保险合同 insurance contract古都合同 orphan保险单 insurance policy投保单 insurance slip 暂保单 binder，binding slip保险凭证 insurance certificate保单生效日期 date of inception of the policy; date of police保险期间 insurance period；policy term; term of insurance; term of policy; duration of insurance保险条款 insurance clause自杀条款 suicide clauses不诚实除外条款 fidelity exclusion; infidelity exclusion不可抗力 act of god; force majieure; irresistible exclusion不法行为 barratry统括条款 omnibus clause不可否认的条款 incontestability c