广东省揭阳市第三中学高中英语 Unit 3 Computers Grammar课件 新人教版必修2.ppt

thepresentperfectpassivevoice现在完成时的被动语态 grammar wespeakenglish 主语 谓语 宾语 englishisspokenbyus 主语 谓语 宾语 theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday leadin rockets use tosendupsatellites areused am is are done 火箭发射图 therocket sendup intospace isbeingsentup am is are being done 砍伐图 trees cut down fewplaces leave forthetigerstolive arebeingcut willbeleft 拳击图 aboxer beat down hasbeenbeaten 一般现在时的被动语态 am is are 过去分词 如 theworkisdoneduringtwodays 2 一般过去时的被动语态 was were 过去分词 如 hewassenttothehospitalimmediatelyaftertheaccident 2 七种被动语态形式 3 一般将来时的被动语态 will shall be 过去分词或 begoingto be 过去分词 如 theworkwillbefinishedsoon 4 现在进行时的被动语态 is am are being 过去分词 如 thebridgeisnowbeingconstructed 5 现在完成时的被动语态 have has been 过去分词 如 theradiohasbeenrepairedwhenwephonedtheshop 6 带情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be 过去分词 如 thiscanbedoneinafewminutes 7 动词不定式的被动式 tobe 过去分词 如 itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere 现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响 其构成是 have hasbeen done 例如 1 thedirtyclotheshavebeenwashed 脏衣服都已经洗了 2 theplanhasbeenstudiedbytheexpertsforthreetimes 这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了 1 现在完成时 have has 过去分词 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去 但它强调的是与现在的关系 用来说明现在的情况 现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用 如 yesterday twoweeksago in1978 whenigotthere等 现在完成时常与 1 两种时态 already always often ever never yet not yet just等不表示明确的时间副词连用 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since for的状语及包括现在在内的词连用 如 now today thismonth thisyear recently thesefewdays等 不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词 如 be have like love know believe hate等 一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况 与现在毫无关系 2 现在完成进行时 have has been 现在分词 3 thechildhasbeentakencareofbygrandmawangalltheseyears 这些年来 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料 现在完成时被动态 have has been 动词过去分词现在完成进行时 have has been 动词现在分词 它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上 被动态接的是过去分词形式 现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式 现在完成时被动态 have has been 动词过去分词现在完成进行时 have has been 动词现在分词 1 主语是行为动作的承受者 如 thetempleofzhangfeihasbeenrebuilt 张飞庙已经过重建 2 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果 如 thedoorhasbeenlocked 门已经被锁上了 3 动作或状态始于过去 持续到现在 并可能持续下去 如 hehasbeentoldaboutitformanytimes 有人告诉他这事很多次了 可能还会有人告诉他 我或别人现在进不去 注意 由finish buy start begin post return borrow join marry open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能直接与表示一段时间的短语如forfourdays howlong等连用 需要改换动词或时态 如 howlonghasthisbookbeenbought howlonghasthisbookbeenhad whenwasthisbookbought 这本书买了多久了 4 用在时间和条件状语从句中 表示将来某时已完成的动作 如 we llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished 工作一完成我们就立即动身 1 副词的位置often usually always never hardly seldom等副词置于have has和been中间 如 误 suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved 正 suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved 2 并不是所有动词都有被动语态1 happen takeplace breakout belongto cost last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态 如 误 greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinchinasince1978 正 greatchangeshavetakenplaceinchinasince1978 2 open break drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态 如 误 thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself 正 thedoorhasopenedofitself 3 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词 如 thesarspatientshavebeentakengoodcareof 4 一些特殊动词 如borrow finish begin buy start return marry open join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用 若要表达相应的意思 则需改换动词或时态 如 mybrotherhashad 不能用hasbought thisbikeforalmostfouryears howlonghasthisbookbeenbought howlongagowasthisbookbought 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 如 somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了 不知道电脑是谁偷的 thisbookwaspublishedin1981 这本书出版于1981年 被动语态的用法 2 强调动作的承受者 而不强调动作的执行者 如 thewindowwasbrokenbymike 窗户是迈克打破的 thisbookwaswrittenbyhim 这本书是他写的 1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 把谓语变成被动结构 be 过去分词 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数 以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式 主动语态变被动语态的方法 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语 将主格改为宾格 例如 allthepeoplelaughedathim hewaslaughedatbyallpeople theymakethebikesinthefactory thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory 歌诀宾变主 主变宾 by短语后面跟 谓语动词变被动 be后 过分 来使用 一 用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 1 whowillbesentthere notdecide yet 2 sofar almosttwo thirdsofthisbook learn inall 3 itissaidthatthebridge close for repairsformonths 4 ourschoolarea enlarge formany timesinthelastfewyears hasn tbeendecided hasbeenlearnt hasbeenclosed hasbeenenlarged 5 thisisoneofthefarthestplacesthat explore sofarinthatcountry 6 inrecentyears muchprogress make asaresultofhisefforts 7 thegovernmenthasprovedthatmostofthebuildings destroy leavingmanypeopledeadorinjured 8 bynow alltheletters type for yourconvenience havebeenexplored hasbeenmade havebeendestroyed havebeentyped 二 完成句子 1 sincelastyear manyartcompanies oldmechanism 被转变 intoanewonesuitable forthemarket 2 sinceearthhourfirstbeganinsydneyin2007 sofar theproject 被开展 inmorethan4 000cities aroundtheworld 3 inrecentyears withtheimprovementinpeople slife mostoffans 被取代 byair conditioners 4 bynow thousandsofpeople 遇难 intheterribleearthquake leavingtensofthousandshomeless hasbeenchanged transformed hasbeencarriedout havebeenreplaced havebeenkilled 4 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语 另一个保留不动 主动 ihavegivenhimthekey 被动 hehasbeengiventhekey 被动 thekeyhasbeengiven to him 5 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时 只能将宾语变为主语 原来的宾补保留不动 改称主语补足语 主动 ihaveaskedhertohelpyou 被动 shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou underlinetheuseofthepresentperfectvoiceinthefollowingpoem thenfillinthechartbelow lookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedlookatthewayyourhairhasbeencombedlookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedyou dbetterdothemagain lookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedlookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutlookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptihopethatyou llcomehereagain thewaytheflowershavebeenplanted thewaythegrasshasbeencut thewaythepathshavebeenswept thewayyourfacehasbeenwashed thewayyourhairhasbeencombed thewayyourshoeshavebeencleaned readthispoemaloud payingattentiontotherhythmandintonation thenwriteyourownpoem lookattheway lookattheway lookattheway thetablehasbeenlaid theglasseshavebeenplaced thefoodhasbeencooked you dbetterdothemagain possiblepoem lookattheway lookattheway lookattheway yourbedhasbeenmade yourcarpethasbeenswept yourshoeshavebeentidied ihopethatyou llcomehereagain 1 inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms allovertheworld 天津2011 a haveproducedb havebeenproducedc areproducingd arebeingproduced 从a b c d四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 2 experimentsofthiskind inboththeu s andeuropewellbeforethesecondworldwar 北京2011 haveconductedb havebeenconductedc hadconductedd hadbeenconducted 3 everyyearafloodoffarmersarriveinshenzhenforthemoney makingjobsthey beforeleavingtheirhometowns 福建2010 promisedb werepromisedc havepromisedd havebeenpromised 4 hissisterlefthomein1998 and since 2009全国卷i a hadnotbeenheardofb hasnotbeenheardofc hadnotheardofd hasnotheardof 5 iliketheseenglishsongsandthey manytimesontheradio 安徽2008 a taughtb havetaughtc aretaughtd havebeentaught 6 thoughwedon tknowwhatwasdiscussed yetwecanfeelthetopic 陕西2008 a hadchangedb willchangec waschangedd hasbeenchanged 7 igotcaugh