高考完形填空解题技巧.doc

【技巧一】利用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and,but,or,because,though,however,yet,therefore,otherwise,despite等；（2）短语，如inotherwords,orrather,inaddition,asaresult,sothat,onthecontrary,insteadof等；（3）分句和独立结构，如thatistosay,whatismore,allthingsconsidered等。逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。【例】Thegirlbecameincreasinglyworriedaboutthis,bothwhen_46_andinherdreams.（07全国卷I）46.A.asleepB.awayC.aroundD.awake【析】本句的逻辑关系语是both.and.，它表示并列关系。and后出现了inherdreams，故此空必定和其有关。选项中只有awake和inherdreams构成反义关系，因此D项正确。【例】Beforeleaving,Ihadturnedtheheater_48_intheroadhouse,sothatwhenwewentin,itwasniceand_49_.（07湖北卷）48.A.onB.offC.inD.over49.A.neatB.hotC.warmD.attractive【析】本句的逻辑关系语是sothat和and。连词and表并列关系，但要注意，niceand后接形容词或副词，大多意为“很”，如：Theroomisniceandwarm.（这个房间很暖和。）/Thebreezeisniceandcool.（这阵微笑很凉爽。）/Thecarisgoingniceandfar.（这辆轿车跑得很快。）发热器只能使房间变暖或变热，因此49选C；sothat表因果关系，根据句意“为了我们进来时室内很温暖”，只有turnontheheater才合乎逻辑，因此48选A。【技巧小试】.thosechallengesaretheverythingsthat_37_usandmakeuswhoweare.（07山东卷）37.A.designB.promoteC.directD.shapeItsalittlefunnyseeingfriendsincleanshoesandtrousersorcolorful_36_,insteadoftheusualschooluniform.（07北京卷）36.A.shapesB.dressesC.flowersD.pictures“Youneed_36_,”hisfathersaid.“Butifyoudontworkhard,nofortunewillcome.”（07辽宁卷）36.A.exerciseB.fortuneC.knowledgeD.wealth答案：DBB【技巧二】通晓上下文意，注意习惯搭配词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。【例】Ayoungman,wetfrom_42_totoe,explainedthathehad_43_outofpetrolabout30kmuptheroad.（07湖北卷）42.A.fingerB.shoulderC.headD.hand43.A.drivenB.usedC.comeD.run【析】本句中两个考点都是固定搭配。第一个fromheadtotoe/foot意为“从头到脚，全身上下”；第二个runoutof意为“用完，耗尽”。答案分别为C和D。【例】Javabegantoenjoyoneoftheyearsgreatestevent:“theNightoftheFullMoon”,afestival（节日）thatisespeciallypopular_44_youngpeople.（07安徽卷）44.A.forB.toC.withD.in【析】bepopularwith为固定词组，意为“受欢迎”。其它选项均不能和popular构成固定搭配，故答案为C。【技巧小试】Hetriedto_31_atelephonecall,butwasunableto_32_.（07浙江卷）31.A.makeB.fixC.useD.pick32.A.getonB.getupC.getthroughD.getinHegotgoodgradesintheschool,especially_43_biologyandchemistry,whichwasagreatcomfort.（07重庆卷）43.A.inB.aboutC.ofD.for答案：A;CA【技巧三】明确文章语境，搞清词语差异高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。【例】Ifeltthe_48_ofalifetimehadcome.（07江西卷）48.A.momentB.periodC.whileD.date【析】四个选项均有“日期、时期”之意，但仔细辨析可知，moment意为“时刻、契机”，“转机”；period意为“时期、阶段”；while意为“一会儿”；date意为“日期”。根据ofalifetimehadcome（一生的到了）设置的语境，可知moment为最佳选项。【例】.theladydidnttakeabite.Shesatthere_34_herhusbandeat,andtakingturns(轮流)sippingthedrink.（07陕西卷）34.A.seeingB.noticingC.watchingD.finding【析】四个选项都有“看”之意。seesb.dosth.意为“看见了某人做了某事”；noticesb.dosth.意为“（无意中）注意到某人做了某事”；watchsb.dosth.意为“注视/观看某人做某事”，find后不接动词原形作宾补。通过语境可知，女士自己不吃，只是看着丈夫吃，因此C项正确。【技巧小试】Thedoorshadbeenshut.They_30_beopenedfromtheinside.Hewastrapped（被困）inalibrary.（07浙江卷）30.A.wouldntB.shouldntC.couldntD.needntIwassonervousthatmyhandsshook,andI_47_acupintopieces.（07湖南卷）47.A.damagedB.destroyedC.brokeD.ruined答案：CC【技巧四】探究前后逻辑，确定连接词汇连接词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的语用能力。因此，考生在解题时，要仔细分析，推理前后的逻辑关系，确定最佳选项。【例】Shehadexcellentgrades,_24_shealwaysthoughtthatsomethingwasmissing.（07天津卷）24.A.orB.soC.forD.but【析】根据空前的excellentgrades和空后的always和somethingwasmissing，可推知“她”成绩虽突出，可对生活仍不满足，故选择转折连词but，即答案为D。【例】.“Wouldyoumindtellingmewhenyouarethinkingofleaving?_40_areyougoingtositinyourcarallday?”（07全国卷II）40.A.ForB.OrC.ButD.So【析】根据空前的leaving和空后的sitinyourcarallday，说明对方在询问并让“我”做出选择，从而推知答案为表示选择关系的连词or。【技巧小试】Mybodyhadlongsinceusedupallitsenergy_50_itwentonrunningjustthesame.（07江西卷）50.A.soB.ButC.orD.asItoldherIwouldmessitup_37_Ihadneverworkedatthebarbefore.（07湖南卷）37.A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.while答案：BA【技巧五】利用语法关联，推理最佳选项虽然高考完型填空的考查越来越淡化语法，但一个语义连贯的语篇必须通过省略、指代、时间或地点关联等语法关系来实现。因此，命题人常利用这些关联“制造语境”，设置考点。考生解题时可利用这些语法关系对句子进行分析、判断并推理出最佳选项。【例】Iwastoobusy_55_therestaurantIwouldopenoneday.（07湖南卷）A.imaginingB.preparingC.examiningD.describing【析】如果不看下文时态，很难确定选项。但空后would表明“我”将在未来某一天开自己的饭店，从而推知现在只是在忙着“想像”将来的情景，故答案为A。【例】Thatday,he(LangLang)toldhisfather_45_hehadbeenwaitingtohearthathewantedtostudywithanewteacher.（07辽宁卷）45.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when【析】07辽宁卷讲述了青年钢琴家郎朗年幼时学钢琴的故事。解答此题的关键在于确定第二个he的指代对象。如果他指LangLang，则句子不但在语法上错误，而且在语义上也讲不通。可见45空要选一个既能引导宾语从句，又能在从句中当hear的宾语的词，在四个待选词中只有what才能胜任，所以应选B。破折号之后的that从句是what的同位语从句。【技巧小试】.hewouldsay,“Ifyouwantthem,makethemoneyandbuythem_39_.”（07福建卷）39.A.themselvesB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.myselfIndealingwithmanychallengesthatfriendshipwillbringtoyou,trytoseethemfor50theyare:smallhurdlesyouneedtojump.（07山东卷）50.A.whatB.whoC.whereD.which答案：CA【技巧六】联系生活常识，再现相关情景完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识充分地想像当时的情景，从而达到去“伪”存“真”的目的。【例】.thegirlwasabletoleadherbirdstorunacrossthegrass,butshecouldnotteachthemto_45_.（07全国卷I）45.A.flyB.raceC.swimD.sing【析】根据常识，人类可以race、swim或sing，但是不会直接像鸟一样振翅飞翔，因此小女孩不能教给鸟儿“飞翔”，故答案为A。【例】Everywhere,therewerethepaperremainsofusedfireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys_39_moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited_40_fortheexplosions.（07安徽卷）39.A.litB.boughtC.piledD.removed40.A.patientlyB.calmlyC.worriedlyD.excitedly【析】语境中的Everywhere,therewerethepaperremainsof(used)fireworkslyingontheground.和coveredtheirears使我们联想起节日放鞭炮或观看别人放鞭炮的情景，即点上鞭炮后兴奋地跑开，捂着耳朵等着其爆炸。因此39题答案为A，40题为D。【技巧小试】Well,lessthanaweekaftermyarrivalinManila,Iwasalreadycarpetedwitha_43_ofmosquitobites.Itookmanymeasurestokeepmyselffrombeing_44_,buttheyallproveduseless.（07四川卷）43.A.shadeB.pileC.cloudD.blanket44.A.touchedB.bittenC.defeatedD.discoveredBymidnight,thefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe_55_cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenight,thesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance.（07安徽卷）55.A.cleanB.grayC.peacefulD.empty答案：D;BB【技巧七】突破句子的束缚，捕捉篇章信息每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以解题时考生不要只局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。【例】Intheclinic,IaskedifMichaelcouldberetested,sothespecialisttestedhimagain.Tomy_36_,itwasthesamescore.Laterthatevening,I_37_toldFrankwhatIhadlearnedthatday.Aftertalkingitover,weagreedthatweknewour_38_muchbetterthananIQ(智商)test.Aftertheceremony,wetoldMichaelaboutthe_47_IQscorehegotwhenhewassix.Sincethatday,Michaelsometimeswouldlookatusandsayjokingly,“MydearmomanddadnevertoldmethatIcouldntbeadoctor,notuntilafterIgraduatedfrommedicalschool!”.Wewenttothesameclinicwherehehadreceivethetesteighteenyearsbefore.ThistimeMichaelscored126,anincreaseof36points.（07重庆卷）36.A.joyB.surpriseC.dislikeD.disappointment37.A.tearfullyB.fearfullyC.cheerfullyD.hopefully38.A.studentB.sonC.friendD.doctor47.A.highB.sameC.lowD.different【析】07重庆卷的完形填空以第一人称讲述了如何对待孩子的成长问题。开头就提到Michael的智商测试，随之设置的几个题目都和此有关，可是在本段没有线索。但读到文章最后，“ThistimeMichaelscored126,anincreaseof36points.”，我们茅塞顿开，原来Michael是“我们”的儿子（38.B），六岁时接受了一次智商测试，分数很低（47.C），“我”很失望（36.D），所以“我”眼含泪水告诉丈夫Frank测试结果（37.A）。【技巧小试】（首段）CarolynStradleyisthefounderofC&SPavingInC.（铺路公司）inAtlanta,USA.Inthefollowingaccount,sherecallsthejobthatchallengedher_36_andskillbutleftherflyinghigh.（尾段）.“Thekeytooursuccesswashavingthecouragetotakeonanyjobandthenbeingcreativeinourapproachtogettingitdone.”（07江苏卷）36.A.kindnessB.patienceC.imaginationD.experience（首段）.AllyouneedisawebcamandyourprettyfacetoaccessyourPC.（尾段）.Ifthesystem_29_torecognizeyour_30_,youcanrecalltheWindowsusernameandpasswordbyusingahot-keycombination.（07广东卷）29.A.beginsB.triesC.failsD.stops30.A.account