M1语法专题-直接引语和间接引语.doc

课本学案语法专题：直接引语和间接引语(I)一、课文原句 “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.(Direct speech)Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.(Indirect speech.) “Does a friend always have to be a person?” the writer asks us. The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person. “What do you call your diary? ”Annes sister asked her. Annes sister asked her what she called her diary.二、知识梳理直接引述别人的话叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语遵循“四变一加”的原则（一变人称，二变语序，三变时态，四变指示代词，时间状语、地点状语，加连接词（that, if/whether）。（一）对应变化规则直接引语间接引语人称Iweshe, he, it, theyhe(she)theyhe, she, it, they时态一般现在时现在完成时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成或一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时（不变）语序陈述句语序或疑问句语序陈述句语序指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightyesterdaytomorrowthe day before yesterdaylast month(week)next week/month /yearthenthat daythat nightthe day beforethe next(following)daytwo days before the month(week) beforethe next week/month/ year地点状语herethere动词comebringgotake（二）连接词的变化1. 陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接, that 无实际意义，可省略，语序不变。Lanasaid, “I am mad at Marcia.” Lana said (that) she was mad at Marcia.He said, “We are good at English.” He said (that) they were good at English.2. 一般疑问句、选择疑问句变间接引语时, 要用陈述语序，并要加连词 if 或 whether。She asked me, “Are you Mr. Li?” She asked me if/whether I was Mr. Li.She asked us, “Do you want to go on a picnic?” She asked us if/whether we wanted to go on a picnic.3. 特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导, 将疑问语序变为陈述语序。“How much have we spent on petrol this year, ”Susan asked herhusband. Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.He asked me, “What time is it now?” He asked me what time it was then.（三）直接引语变为间接引语的特殊情况在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。1. 直接引语是客观真理，变间接引语，时态不变。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.2. 直接引语是过去进行时，变间接引语，时态不变。Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.3. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语, 变为间接引语，仍用一般过去时。Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980.4. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning.5. 如果在当地转述，那么here不必改为there，come不必改为go。如果在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。“Come here at 8:00 tomorrow.” I said. I asked him to come here at 8:00 today, but he hasnt appeared until now.三、强化训练1. Did you ask whose computer ？ A. this blue one was B. is this blue one C. it was this blue one D. this blue one is2. Mother asked me where I the next day. A. would go B. will go C. am going D. went3. The nurse told the children that the sun in the east. A. risen B. rose C. rises D. rising4. He asked me I would go to Beijing by air the next day. A. that if B. if C. that whether D how5. The mother asked her son . A. what did he do the day before B. where did he find his lost wallet C. what time he got up that morning D. that if he had finished his homework6. The visitor that he very glad to visit our country. A. said; was B. said; has been C. told; was D. spoke; had been7. The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party _ founded on July 1st, 1921. A. was B. had been C. is D. has been8. He said that his car stolen and he have to telephone the police. A. was; would B. has been; will C. had been; would D. had been; will 9. He told us he a concert . A. had attended; three days before B. attended; a week ago C. would attend; since a week ago D. was attending; for a week10. When Tom ，please let me know. Mary said when Tom ，just tell her about it. A. comes; comes B. came; came C. comes; came D. comes; coming11. The teacher said that Columbus _ America in 1492. A. discovered B. found C. had discovered D. had found12. After the examination, my teacher told me that failure the mother of success. A. was B. is C. be D. been语法专题：直接引语和间接引语(II)一、知识梳理(一) 直接引语是祈使句时的转换规则1.当祈使句作直接引语表示要求和命令时，变间接引语时采用tell/order/command sb (not)to do sth.的形式。“Hurry up,”he said. He told me to hurry up.He said to them, “Dont go out！” He ordered them not to go out.2.当祈使句作直接引语表示有礼貌的请求时，变间接引语时采用request/beg/ask sb (not)to do sth.的形式。祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省去。“Please dont be late,” he said. He asked me not to be late.He said, “Sit down, please.” He asked me to sit down.(二) 直接引语是语气委婉的表请求的疑问句时的转换规则1.有些疑问句并非提出询问，而是表示请求或乞求，这种问句常以“Would/Will you please”或“Could/Can you”开头，变为间接引语时要采用ask /beg/ request sb (not)to do sth.的结构。He asked, “Can you give me a lift?” He asked me to give him a lift.“Would you (please) help me with my English? ”he asked.He asked me to help him with his English.2.若疑问句表达的是“建议、劝告”等含义，则采用advise ab. to do sth.或suggest doing sth.的形式。He said, “Why dont you take a rest first?” He advised me to take a rest first.“What about having a drink?” he said. He suggested having a drink.(三) 直接引语是感叹句时的转换规则 直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以由what, how或that来引导，仍用陈述语序。She said, “What a lovely day it is!” She said what a lovely day it was. She said that it was a very lovely day.The boy said, “How cool the film star is!” The boy said how cool the film star was.The boy said that the film star was very cool.二、强化训练1. He said to the soldiers, “Put down your guns at once.” He _ the soldiers _ down _ guns at once. A. ordered; to put; theirB. told; to put; their C. ordered; put; your D. told; put; your2. She told me a noise in the hall. A. dont make B. not to make C. make not to D. to make not3. Martin his dog to lie down under the big tree. A. made B. had C. promised D. ordered4. He said, “Dont do that again.” He me that again. A. said to; not to do B. said to; dont do C. told; dont do D. told; not to do5. He asked for the computer. A. did I pay how muchB.I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid6.“Have you seen the film？” he asked me. He asked me . A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film7. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He me the window. A. said to; to closeB. told to; closing C. asked; to closeD. said to; please close8.He said，“Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was9.He asked, “How are you getting along？” He asked me . A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along10. He asked me with me. A. what the matter is B. what the matter was C. whats the matter D. what was the matterA Song- Believe相信自己Dima BilanEven when the thunder and storm begins 就算雷雨倾盆Ill be standing strong like a tree in the wind 我也会像颗树那样屹立于风中Nothing is gonna move this mountain or change my direction 山不可移 ,我不可动Im falling off the sky and Im all alone 由天堂坠落,皆是孤独The courage thats inside is gonna break my fall 内心的勇气将阻止堕落Nothing is gonna dim my light within 而内心的光明却不会减弱But if I keep going on it will never be impossible 若我坚持,一切皆有可能.Not today. 不是今天.Cause I got something to believe in 因为我相信As long as Im breathing 只要我活着There is not a limit to what I can dream 就让梦想自由飞翔吧Cause I got something to believe in 因为我相信Mission to keep climbing 保持上进的心Nothing else can stop me if I just believe 只要我相信,我便所向披靡And I believe in me. 而我相信自己Even when the world tries to p