中考英语一名词专题.doc

1.1名词复数的规则变化 1.2其它名词复数的规则变化 1.3名词复数的不规则变化 1.4不可数名词量的表示 1.5定语名词的复数 1.6不同国家的人的单复数 1.7名词的格1.1 名词复数的规则变化 情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读 /z/bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es读 /z/baby-babies1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1） 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2）以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo-photospiano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofssafe-safes gulf-gulfs b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese 但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数）These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：This factory produces steel.（不可数）We need various steels.（可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。1.5 定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials3有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：goods train （货车） arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australians an Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes 1.7 名词的格 英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：1）单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。2）若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。3）凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。例如：Johns and Marys rooms（两间）John and Marys room（一间）复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or twos absence名词复数的特殊变化。普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es;b. story, factory 等以辅音字母+y结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es;d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是元音字母+o 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是辅音字母+o的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans;f. deer，sheep等词单复数同形。 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国)，the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：menworkers， women teachers。b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树名词练习（ ）1. Mr. Black is _. But he likes to drive a _ car.A. English; Chinese B. an English; ChinaC. an England; Chinas D. English; Japan（ ）2. Lily and Lucy are from _.A. English B. ChineseC. England D. French（ ）3.-Can you buy some eggs for dinner, mum?-Oh, no. There are _ on the table.A. a box of egg B. two boxes of eggsC. two boxes of egg D. a boxes of eggs（ ）4. The bus station is about five _ from his home.A. hundred meter B. hundreds of meterC. hundred meters D. hundreds of meters（ ）5. Our math teacher has _ daughter.A. a 8-year-old B. an 8-years-oldC. an 8-year-old D. an 8-year-olds（ ）6. It will take us _ walk to get there.A. one hour and a half B. one and a half hourC. one and half hours D. one and a half hours（ ）7. There are many _ in our school.A. woman teachers B. man teachersC. women teachers D. mens teachers（ ）8. There must be something wrong with her _because she cant see things clearly.A. eyesB. earsC. nose D. face（ ）9. How many _ are there in your family?A. peoplesB. peopleC. man D. woman（ ）10. In the picture you can see a _ and many _.A. cat, sheeps B. cat, sheep C. sheep, cat D. cats, sheeps（ ）11. Those _ stole a few _ yesterday.A. thiefs, fishes B. thieves, fishC. thiefs, fishes D. thief, fish（ ）12. She is always complaining because_ people can get on well with her.A. fewB. littleC. a few D. a little（ ）13. The room is too small, theres no enough _for another chair.A. roomsB. roomC. place D. spaces（ ）14. How many _ are there in these _?A. tomatoes, photo B. tomatoes, photosC. potato, photos D. potatoes, photo（ ）15. The little boy has two _.A. geese B. toothC. dog D. cat（ ）16. In order to keep fit, you should eat _ fast food and _ fresh vegetables.A. fewer, fewer B. less, moreC. more, less D. many; little（ ）17. Im thirsty. Id like to drink some _.A. waterB. breadC. eggs D. meat（ ）18. Let the children go away. Theyre making so much _ here.A. noise B. voiceC. sounds D. volume（ ）19. What _ it is today!A. a nice weather B. nice weatherC. nice a weather D. good a climate（ ）20. I want _ and two apples for lunch.A. a piece of bread B. two piece of breadsC. two piece of bread D. a pieces of bread（ ）21.-How many_ would you like?-Two.A. cups of coffee B. cups of teasC. cup of teas D. cup of coffee（ ）22. Jack won the boys _ race in our school sports meeting yesterday.A. 1500-metre B.1500-metresC.1500-metres D. 3000 meters （ ）23. I like that son of _.A. Jims sister B. Jim sistersC. Jims sisters D. sisters Jim（ ）24. You must finish the work in_.A. two weeks time B. two weeks timeC. two weeks time D. one weekstime（ ）25. This is _ room. Come in, please.A. John and Joy B. John and Joys C. Johns and Joys D. Johns and Joy（ ）26. That man is_.A. a friend of my father B. my father friendC. a friend of my fathers D. one of my father friend（ ）27. _ Day is on September 10th.A. Teacher B. TeachersC. Teachers D. Childrens （ ）28. Nancy was very happy because she _in the English test.A. made a little mistakesB. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakes D. made little mistakes （ ）29. She got much _ from the newspaper.A. ideas B. leaves C. information D. stories（ ）30. She gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. few advices B. some advice C. an advice D. some suggestion （ ）31 -Would you like to drink _ tea? -No, thanks. Id like _.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, a bottle of orangeC. many, bottles of orange D. few, a bottle of oranges（ ）32. Some _ came to our city for a visit yesterday.A. Germans B. Germen C. Frenchman D. American（ ）33. That table is made of_.A. glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. some woods（ ）34. She has read_ of the good-looking writer.A. works B. work C. job D. career（ ）35. How many_ were there on the road when the accident happened?A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples（ ）36. I write most of my_ in French.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters（ ）37. Excuse me, where is the_?A. womans room B. women room C. mens rooms D. men rooms（ ）38 The basketballs under the bed are_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys（ ）39. In a few_ time, those old houses will be pulled down.A. year B. years C. years D. years（ ）40. This is a pencil of _.A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him（ ）41. After five years, all these youngsters became_.A.growns-ups B. growns-upC.grown-up D. grown-ups（ ）42. The police asked those _ about the accident.A.stander-by B. standers-by C. stander-bys D. standers-bys（ ）43.All the people at the meeting are _.A. mathematics teacher B. physics teacherC .mathematics teachers D. physicss teachers（ ）44.-Do you have _ to tell me? No, nothing.A. something else B. anything elseC. else anything D. else something （ ）45.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few weeks.A. father-in-lawsB. fathers-in-lawC. father-in-law D.fathers-in-laws（ ）46. He had his hair cu