不定式的逻辑主语 Microsoft Word 文档.doc

不定式的逻辑主语英语语法 2007-09-02 16:03:00 阅读254 评论1 字号：大中小订阅 佛山市南海区官窑高中 潘文荣结构主语平时我们所说的主语是一个句子所要叙述的人、事、物，是句子的主题,是句子结构上的主语，我们可以把它们称为结构主语。比如：1)What he did was useless at all.2)To see is to believe.3)They want to play football.4)The young should rspect the old.5)Education is developing rapidly in China.逻辑主语作为动词，不定式、动名词、分词虽然不能充当结构上的主语，但是，它们还是有自己内在的逻辑上的主语的。比如：1)He asked me to buy a book for him.(句中的“me”就是不定式to buy a book for him的内在的逻辑主语)2)Toms coming late made the teacher angry.(Tom是coming late 的内在的逻辑上的主语) 3)The singing girl is my teachers daughter.(girl是singing的内在的逻辑上的主语)这种内在的逻辑上的主语，我们可以称之为逻辑主语。不定式的逻辑主语本文主要讨论不定式的逻辑主语。英语不定式的逻辑主语有下面几种情况。一. 不定式作主语时有多种情况。1.不定式的逻辑主语是泛指的，不明确的人或人们。a) To see is to believe.b) To plan is to act.c) It always pays to tell the true.2.有时，通过句中的某个名词或代词，我们可以知道不定式的逻辑主语。a) To clean the window is your duty.( 不定式的逻辑主语是 “you”)b) To point out the difficulties is my purpose. ( 不定式的逻辑主语是 “I”)3.有时，要通过语言环境才能够判断逻辑主语。c) Its a pleasure to be able to help you. ( 不定式的逻辑主语是 “I”或“we”)d) Its difficult to pass the exam. ( 不定式的逻辑主语是 “I”或“we”或“them”或“students”)e) Now to save lives is the most important thing. ( 不定式的逻辑主语是“we”)4.最明显的是用for引出不定式的逻辑主语.a)Its necessary for us to learn English well.b)Its impossible for them to finish learning the two books in only one month.c)Its a mistake for learners to ignore grammatical rules when learning a foreign language. 二. 不定式作宾语时,其逻辑主语是它句子本身的主语。a)You wont want to be used at this time.(不定式的逻辑主语:you) b)He wants to go with us. (不定式的逻辑主语:he)c)She hopes to have an English dictionary. (不定式的逻辑主语:she)三. 不定式作表语时，其逻辑主语通过主语部分的某一个名词或代词体现出来。a)Her aim is to make the body stronger.(不定式的逻辑主语通过her体现出来：she)b)His work seemed to communicate news of food. (不定式的逻辑主语通过his体现出来：he)c)No one appeared to notice me. (不定式的逻辑主语就是no one)四. 不定式作定语时。除非特别用for表示不定式的逻辑主语，否则，不定式做定语时，不定式的逻辑主语多是被不定式修饰的那个名词。1.不定式在主语部分中作定语。1)The problem to be discussed is on the piece of paper.（不定式的逻辑主语是the problem）2)The writer to come tomorrow is from beijing. （不定式的逻辑主语是the writer）3)There are still some trees to be planted. （不定式的逻辑主语是some trees）4)The trees for you to plant will be here tomorrow. （不定式的逻辑主语是you）2.不定式在表语部分中作定语。a)She is not always the first to come to school. （不定式的逻辑主语是the first）b)They are the boys to go to play football in the USA. （不定式的逻辑主语是the boys）c)This is the problem to be discussed. （不定式的逻辑主语是the problem）d)They are not the exercises to be done this evening. （不定式的逻辑主语是the exercises）e)She was the first person to think of the idea. （不定式的逻辑主语是the first person）f)China was one of the first countries in the world to study the science of farming. （不定式的逻辑主语是the first countries in the world）g)My father says that engineering is not a suitable subject for a girl to study. (不定式的逻辑主语是a girl) h) This is the book for you to read. （不定式的逻辑主语是you）3.不定式在状语部分中作定语。1)Are they still living in the room to be repainted? （不定式的逻辑主语是the room）2)He is living in the same room with a prisoner to be sentenced to death. （不定式的逻辑主语是a prisoner）4.不定式在宾语部分中作定语,有以下两种情况。 1)如果句子本身的主语是不定式所表达的动作的执行者，它同时就也是不定式的逻辑主语。a)The student wants a book to read this afternoon.（不定式的逻辑主语是the student）b)Does Mary have a classmate to go (to Shanghai)with? （不定式的逻辑主语是是Mary）c)We have no songs to sing after class.（不定式的逻辑主语是We）d)They have nothing to eat. （不定式的逻辑主语是They）e)He had some letters to write. （不定式的逻辑主语是He）f) He bought a book for his daughter to read. （不定式的逻辑主语是his daughter）2)如果句子本身的主语不是不定式所表达的动作的执行者，不定式的逻辑主语是被不定式修饰的名词。He made some candles to give light. （不定式的逻辑主语是somecandles）3)在含有双宾语的句子中，情况比较特别。不定式所表达的动作的执行者,就是指代人的那个宾语，是不定式的逻辑主语。a)Please give him the watch to repair. （不定式的逻辑主语是him）b)Please lend me a book to read. （不定式的逻辑主语是me）c)This work offered him some money to live on. （不定式的逻辑主语是him）五. 不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语都是句子本身的主语。a)I stayed there to see what would happen.(目的状语to see what would happen的逻辑主语是“I”)b)He will go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor.( 目的状语to be exemined的逻辑主语是“He”)c)He lived to be a very old man.( 结果状语to be a very old man的逻辑主语是“He”)d)In 1935 he left home never to return.( 结果状语to return的逻辑主语是“he”)e)I trembled to think of it.( 原因状语to think of it的逻辑主语是“I”)f)She wept to see him in such a terrible state.( 原因状语to see him in such a terrible state的逻辑主语是“She”)六. 不定式作补语时，其逻辑主语是主动句中的宾语或被动句中的主语.1)None of them requires the equipment to be moved. （不定式的逻辑主语是the equipment）2)Women were not allowed to take part in the games.(不定式的逻辑主语:women)3)She is the engineer whose work is considered to be the best here.(不定式的逻辑主语: whose work)4)Ill ask them to be quiet.(不定式的逻辑主语: th