高一必修4 考点难点(YDY).doc

高一必修4 Unit1 Women of achievement考点及语法简练考点聚焦 真题再现1. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. (Warming Up) 考点 devote意为“把专用于；把奉献给；专心致力于”，后常接反身代词或表示时间、能源、精力等的名词作宾语，宾语后常接to短语；to为介词，可后接名词，代词或-ing形式。 真题再现1 Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. (上海2001春) A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 点拨 选B。此句的结构是Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote . to . ， he had是定语从句，修饰all， to为介词， 后跟-ing形式， 可排除A、C；根据句意“利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建造几所学校”，说明set up这一动作尚未发生，故应用其-ing形式的一般式而非完成式。 真题再现2 Although the working mother is very busy, she still _ a lot of time to her children. (上海 2003) A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides 点拨 选A。spend time (in) doing sth. / on sth.花时间干；offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb.向某人提供； provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth. 提供某物给某人；只有A项符合题意。2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. (Reading) 考点 only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用倒装。 真题再现1 Only in this way _ to make improvement in the operating system.(上海2003春) A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope 真题再现2 Only when your identity has been checked, _. (上海 2003) A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in 点拨 此两题分别选C、D。其中真题再现2中的you与allow之间是被动关系， 故用被动语态。3. But it was not her success at university that had made her famous. (Using Language) 考点 It was . that . 是强调句型。其结构为It is / was + 被强调的部分+ that +句子的其它部分。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、表语、状语（从句）， 但不能是谓语。当强调的主语、表语、宾语是人时，that可用who替换。 真题再现1 It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (福建 2004) A. because B. which C. since D. that 真题再现2 It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET 2000) A. one B. that C. what D. it 点拨 此两题分别选D、B。 真题再现1强调的是状语；真题再现2 强调的是主语。主谓一致练与析请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。1. Three years _ (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years_ (be) really a long time. 2. _ (be) everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon?3. My family _ (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family _ (be) all party members.4. The whole class _ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively.5. The news _ (be) very exciting.6. To learn one or two foreign languages _ (be) very important nowadays.7. The last and most difficult lesson _ (be) Lesson 14.8. I, who _ your friend, will try my best to help you.9. The scientist and engineer _ (have) invented a new machine. 10. Alice，together with her friends，_ (be) punished for having broken the school rules. 11. Every girl and every boy _ (have) the right to join the club. 12. _ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?Neither she nor I_(be).13. Ancient and modern history _ (be) the subjects we are studying.14. Many a scientist _ (have) devoted their lives to science.15. The old _ (be) respected in our country.答案与解析：1. have; is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时， 通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式（第二空）; 若强调数目，谓语动词用复数形式（第一空）。2. Is。不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。3. is; are。集体名词family, class等作主语时，如果强调整体（第一空），谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体（第二空），则用复数形式。4. are。5. is。某些名词以-s结尾，表面看是复数形式，实际上是单数概念，如physics, news等，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。6. is。当主语是不定式短语，-ing形式短语或主语从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。7. is。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，如果表示的是同一概念，谓语动词一般用单数。该句意为“最后一课十四课是最难的一课。” 8. am。 9. has。两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。10. was。主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用with，along with， as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including等与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。11. has。两个并列的名词由each，every， no等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。12. Is; am。当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or， either . or, neither . nor或 not only . but also等连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。13. are。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。14. has。“many a + 单数名词”作主语时，表达的是复数意义，但谓语动词要用单数。 15. are。“the+形容词 / 过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。必修4 Unit 2 Working the land 考点聚焦 真题再现1. Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. (Reading)考点 as . as结构可以被twice (两倍)，three times（三倍）等修饰，表示 “是的多少倍”。真题再现 The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying _. (上海 2003)A. as three times much B. as much three timesC. much as three times D. three times as much点拨 选D。本句为as . as结构，much后省略了as I paid at home。2. Dr Yuan would rather work than relax. (Comprehending)考点 would rather常与than 连用，表示选择，意为“宁愿而不愿”，选择的是前者。真题再现 To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _ travel by air. (2004全国卷 III)A. as B. to C. than D. while点拨 选C。句意为“为了欣赏风景，Irene宁愿多花时间坐火车，也不愿乘飞机旅行”。 3. Getting water from wet to dry places is necessary. (Learning about Language)考点 -ing形式作主语。-ing 形式短语作主语时, 谓语动词一般用单数。真题再现1 _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (上海2003春)A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending 点拨 选D。此处是-ing 形式的复合结构作主语，其构成为“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+ -ing形式”。真题再现2 _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (上海 2002)A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 点拨 选C。句中的ones skin 与expose之间构成逻辑上的被动关系， 故用-ing形式的被动语态作主语，其构成为being done。4. But whatever they grow they make sure that what is left in the ground after harvesting becomes a natural fertilizer for the next years crop. (Using Language)考点 whatever 引导名词性从句或让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时也可用no matter what替换。如：Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. （引导主语从句）凡是值得做的事， 都值得做好。 Do whatever you want. (引导宾语从句) 你想做什么就做什么。Whatever (No matter what) you say, I will post the letter. (引导让步状语从句) 无论你说什么， 我都要把这封信寄出去。真题再现 It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. (NMET 1997)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 点拨 选B。whatever在此引导宾语从句作give的宾语，它同时在从句中作wants的宾语。必修4 Unit2 Working the land 重难点解析1. Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping works the land to do his research. (Reading)此句中work为及物动词，意为“耕种（土地）”。如：They are working the land together.他们一起在田间耕作。work作及物动词，还有“使工作；开动；创造（奇迹）；经营（工厂、农场等）”等意；作不及物动词，意为“工作；（机器等）开动；（办法、计划等）行得通”等。如：He works his employees long hours. 他使他的员工长时间地工作。Do you know how to work this machine? 你知道怎样开动这台机器吗？This shows that man can work wonders. 这说明人类可以创造奇迹。I dont think that your suggestion will work. 我认为你的建议行不通。2. So he gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. (Reading)equip为及物动词，在此作“使有能力；使有资格；赋予”解。该词本意为“装备；配备”，后接宾语+介词for或with短语。如：We must equip the army for the modern war. 我们必须装备军队打现代化战争。Our library is well equipped with modern facilities. 我们的图书馆装备着现代化的设施。A college degree made him well equipped for teaching. 大学文凭使他完全有资格任教。Your training will equip you for your future job. 你受过的训练将能够使你胜任将来的工作。3. Now Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown all over the world. (Reading)此句中another作形容词，指不定范围的“另一个的，又一”，后加单数可数名词；但若another后跟few或数词时，则与复数名词连用。another也可作代词，表示“另一个”。如：Theres another thing I want to tell you. 我还有一件事想告诉你。Theres room for another few people in the back of the bus. 公共汽车后面还能坐下几个人。I dont like this one; please show me another. 我不喜欢这个，请另拿一个给我看看。4. When farmers use this kind of natural fertilizer they keep the air, soil and water as well as the food supply free from chemicals. (Using Language)free from意为“没有；不受损害的”。如：a city free from thieves无贼的城市 a day free from wind 无风的一天You are free from blame. 你没有过错。 I am free from care. 我没有烦恼。This house is free from flies. 这个房子没有苍蝇。点击-ing形式作宾语1. Its hard to imagine _ anywhere else but here.A. live B. to live C. living D. to living此题选C。英语中，有些动词（短语）一般跟-ing形式作宾语，而不用不定式作宾语。这类动词（短语）包括：advise, allow, avoid, consider(考虑), enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest , feel like, insist on 等。2. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam. A. passB. to pass C. passed D. passing此题选D。have a hard time (in) doing意为“费了很大劲做”，-ing形式作介词的宾语。此句中省略了介词in，增加了试题的难度。类似的结构还有：spend . (in) doing花费做have difficulty / trouble (in) doing 做有困难stop / prevent . (from) doing阻止做 waste time (in) doing浪费时间做excuse . (for) doing原谅做 be busy (in) doing 忙于做3. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in此题选D。许多含有to 的短语动词中的to为介词，其后若跟动词，应用其-ing形式作宾语。这类短语有：look forward to, be (get) used to（习惯于）, devote . to ., lead to, pay attention to, prefer . to . , stick to 等。4. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off此题选C。有些动词既可跟-ing形式也可跟不定式作宾语，但含义不同。如：（1）forget , remember 后跟-ing形式表示已发生的动作，跟不定式表示未发生的动作。（2）try to do 尽力做； try doing 试着做（3）go on to do 接着做（另一件事）； go on doing 继续做（原来在做的事）（4）mean to do 打算做； mean doing 意味着（5）cant help to do 不能帮助做； cant help doing 禁不住做（6）stop to do 停下来去做； stop doing停止做5. What do you think of the book?Oh, excellent. It s worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read此题选C。be worth后常跟-ing形式的主动式作宾语，表示被动意义。6. This sentence needs _.A. a improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved此题选C。need后常跟-ing形式的主动式或不定式的被动式，表示被动意义。该句相当于This sentence needs to be improved.必修4 Unit2 Working the land 单元重点辅导一、日常口语突破建议与应答 How about going out for a walk after class？下课后出去散步好吗？Id prefer to stay at home because it is raining. 因天下雨，我宁愿呆在家里。Would you rather go to the movie tonight with us? 你愿意今晚和我们一起去看电影吗？I think Id better look after my sick father at home. 我想最好还是在家照顾生病的父亲。二、核心单词例析1. struggle vi. & vt. 努力，拼搏，斗争struggle to do sth (=make great efforts to do sth.)努力做某事he has struggled for the past five decades to help them.他在过去50年来一直在努力帮助他们。She struggled to keep back the tears. 她努力忍住泪水。搭配：struggle for争夺；struggle with /against同斗争2. equip vi. & vt. 使(某人)具备条件；装备，配备(1)equip sb. for/to do sth.使某人具备做某事的条件，使某人能够做某事Your training will equip you for your future job. 你的训练使得你能够胜任将来的工作。Your education will equip you to earn a good living. 你受的教育能够使你能谋上好生计。(2)equipwith用装备He equipped his bike with a head light. 他给自行车装上了前灯。We should equip our children with a good education. 我们应让孩子应到良好的教育。3. confuse vt. 使某人迷惑；把某事搞乱They confused me by asking so many questions. 他们提了一大堆问题上，把我弄糊涂了。Her unexpected arrival confused all our plans. 她的突然到来把我们的计划全打乱了。Dont confuse Austria with /and Australia. 不要把奥地利和澳大利亚弄混了。比较：confused感到迷惑的；confusing令人迷惑的4. reduce vt. 减少, 缩小, 简化He is trying to reduce expenses. 他正试图减少开支。We must gradually reduce the wage gap. 我们必须缩小工资差别。同义：bring down, cut, cut down 降低，削减5. supply n.& vt. 供应，补给We have a good supply of water here. 我们这里供水充足。The water supply to the room failed. 这个房间的供水中断了。We supply the market with fruits and vegetables. 我们为市场提供水果和蔬菜。We supply power to the three nearby towns. 我们对附近的三个城镇提供电力。注：作名词时一般是不可数名词，但有修饰语时可加不定冠词；另外，表示“供应品，日用品”等时常用复数。如medical supplies医疗用品，office supplies办公用品。6. whatever (1)引导让步状语从句 (=no matter what)Whatever you say, I wont believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不信。You have to go on, whatever difficulties you meet. 不管你碰到什么困难，你都要继续干。(2)引导名词性从句=any (thing) (that) Whatever she did was right. 凡是她所做的都是正确的。 One should stick to whatever one has begun. 应当持之以恒。真题：The poor young man is ready to accept _help he can get. (全国)A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever解析：因选项B和D不能作定语，应排除；没有选择范围，排除选项A；选C，whateverany(任何)。7. export vi. & vt. 输出，出口We export rice but import wheat. 我们出口稻米，但进口小麦。Our factory exports to Southeast Asia. 我厂向东南亚出口产品。8. suitable adj. 合适的，适当的，相配的This toy is not suitable for young children. 这个玩具不适合小小孩玩。I dont think she is suitable for the job. 我认为她不适合这个工作。This wine is not suitable to my taste. 这酒不合我的胃口。同义：be suitable for =be fit for适合三、关键短语精讲1. born intofamily (由于)出生于的家庭Born into a poor farmers family in 1931袁博士1931年出生于一个贫苦农民家庭Born into a poor peasant family, he couldnt go to college. 由于出生在贫苦农民家庭，他没能上大学。2. graduate from 毕业于Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agriculture College. 袁博士毕业于西南农业大学。注：表示毕业于某专业，用in。如：He graduated in law from Oxford. 他毕业于牛津大学法律系。3. thanks to (=because of) 由于，多亏Thanks to your help, we were successful. 由于你的帮助，我们成功了。Thanks to you, I was saved from drowning. 幸亏你，我才没淹死。4. ridof使摆脱(讨厌或不想要的)Thanks to his research, the UN is trying to rid the world of hunger. 由于他的研究，联合国正在使世界摆脱饥饿。 You should rid yourself of that bad habit. 你应改掉那个坏习惯。5. be satisfied with 对感到满意/满足Im very satisfied with you. 我对你很满意。Im not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意。6. care about感兴趣，关心He also doesnt care about being famous. 他对成名也毫不在意。The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一关心的只是金钱。7. lead alife过着的生活He didnt want to lead an empty life.他不想过空虚的生活。They lead an easy life (=a life of ease).他们过着舒服的日子。 注：其中的lead也可用live替换。8. would rather宁愿(1)表示宁愿做某事，直接接动词原形。注意否定式、疑问式及其回答。He would rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己业余爱好上。Id rather not go there.我宁愿不去那里。Wouldnt you rather live in the country?你不愿住农村？No, I wouldnt. Id rather live here.是的。我宁愿就住在这里。(2)表示“宁愿做不愿做”，后接than (do) sth.。Id rather stay at home than go. 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿去。(3)后接从句，从句谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。Id rather you came tomorrow than today. 我宁愿你明天来，不要今天来。Id rather you hadnt done that. 我真希望你没做过那事。真题：To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _ travel by air. (广西) A. as B. to C. than D. while解析：因would rather do A than do B是固定句型，故选C。9. refer to(1)指的是，指而言(mean)；与有关(concern)You know who I am referring to. 你知道我指的是谁。(2)提到，谈及，说起(mention, speak of)I promised not to refer to the matter again. 我答应过再也不提这事了。(3)查阅，参考，征询(turn to /look atfor information)You may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要，可以查阅笔记。(4)提交(处理)，使(某人)找 (send tofor decision /help)You should refer this matter to an expert. 你应把此事交给专家处理。10. insist on坚决主张，一定要(后接doing)He insisted on my going with him.他坚持要我跟他一起去。I insist on seeing it. 我一定要见到它。注：insist表示“坚决主张，坚决要求”时，后面的that从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”；但表示“坚持认为”时，用直陈语气。请比较：She insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持认为他错了。He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他一定要我们收下这些礼物。真题：The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. (江苏)A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding解析：因为insist后接on doing sth.，故选C。11. with /in the hope of怀着的希望I called in the hope of finding you at home. 我去看你是希望你在家的。12. used to 过去常常(现在已不是如此了)He used to walk to his rice fields twice a day, but now he prefers to ride his motorcycle. 他过去一天两次走着去稻秒田，但现在他更喜欢骑摩托车去。He is not what he used to be. 他已不是旧日的他了。You used to live in London, usednt /didnt you? 你过去是住伦敦的，是吧?比较：be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事You must get used to getting up early. 你必须习惯于早起。13. (be) rich in盛产，丰富 The country is rich in oil and coal. 这个国家石油和煤资源丰富。This is a play rich in humour. 这是一部富于幽默的戏剧。Please try to make your speech rich in humour. 尽量使你的发言富于幽默。四、重要句型详解1. 倍数asasUsing his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。This book is three times as thick as that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的三倍厚。注：表示倍数还可用“倍数比较级than”或“倍数the名词of”。如：This book is three times thicker than that one.This book is three times the thickness of that one. 真题：It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. (广西)A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much解析：因题干中有as，选项中有twice(两倍)，可见是考查用asas表示倍数的结构，故选D。2. not all并非所有的(部分否定)Not all students enjoy working in the fields. 并非所有的学生都喜欢到田间劳动。Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。注：(1)allnot易误解为“所有都不”，其实与not all同义。(2)下列句子也是部分否定：Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。3. 疑问词+do you think+宾语从句的其余部分? do you think / believe / suppose / imagine / say / suggest / guess / consider等后面接一个由疑问词引导的宾语从句时，通常要将疑问词提到句首，构成复杂疑问句：疑问词do you think宾语从句的其余部分？What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat? 你认为要是明天突然没有大米吃，会发生什么事呢？Why do you think Jane Goodall went to Africa to study chimps rather than to a university? 你认为简古多尔为什么去非洲研究黑猩猩而不去大学？真题：Mum is coming. What present _for your birthday? (福建)A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got解析：因为是疑问句，排除选项A和B；do you expect后是宾语从句，只是其中的what present提到了句首，其语序与陈述句语序相同，排除选项D；故选C。五、课文难句剖析1. He wants everyone to call him a farmer, for thats how he regards himself. 剖析：本句是并列句，for是表示原因的并列连词；for分句中有一个how引导的表语从句，意为“他就是这样看待自己的”。 译文：他让大家叫他农民，因为他也是这样看待自己的。2. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a hig