小升初英语动词专题讲解及练习--包括be动词和行为动词的比较-助动词和情态动词.doc

动词一、 动词ing （现在进行时）动词加ing的变化规则直接加ingcook-cooking swing-swingingeat-eating draw-drawing以不发音的e结尾，去e加ingdancedancing make-making, writewriting rideriding havehaving skateskating have-having take-taking hike-hiking双写末尾的辅音字母run-running swim-swimming get-getting shopshopping二、 动词加S：（三单的一般现在时）动词+s的变化规则直接加-scookcooks, looklooks, likelikes以o. s. x. sh. ch.结尾，加-esdodoes, gogoes watchwatches, washwashes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-esstudystudies flyflies元音字母（a i e o u) +y结尾，则直接加s:buybuys playplays saysays特殊：have-hasHe has a small nose.三、 动词过去式动词过去式变化规则1. 规则变化动词末尾加-edcook-cooked，cleaned, washed, listened, looked, played结尾是e加dtaste-tasted, loved, used, liked双写末尾的辅音字母stop-stopped plan-planned以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-edstudy-studied worry-worried2.不规则动词过去式：词义原形过去式词义原形过去式是am, is (be)was走gowent是are (be)were有have, hashad买buybought受伤hurthurt来comecame制造makemade做do, doesdid唱歌singsang画drawdrew睡觉sleepslept吃eatate跑runran感觉feelfelt说saysaid飞flyflew看见seesaw读readread听到hearheard四、be 动词和行为动词的用法区别1. Be动词包括： is, am, are, was, were2. 实义动词：某个实际做出来的动作词语，如： swim, wash, do, go, buy, fly, sleep等等。3. 要注意的是：小学阶段，当一个句子出现了be动词，那就没有实义动词，两者是“水火不容”的，只能二选一。1) Be动词后面可以加名词:I am a student. My father is an engineer.2） Be动词后面加形容词： I am tired. You are very happy. They were very excited. He is tall/short/strong/thin.3） 实义动词后面不加形容词，加名词或动名词。正确： I went to the park last Sunday. 错误： I was went to the park last Sunday. （） 正确：They ate good food at the restuant last night. 错误： They were ate good food at the restuant last night. （）4） 只有一种情况两者必须同时存在：那就是现在进行时:如： I am watching TV now.Look, Mary is sweeping the floor.Listen! The girls are singing in the classroom.练习：一、用动词的适当形式填空。1. May _(listen) to the music now.2. Our teacher _(like) us very much.3. Tom didnt _ (do) his homework last night.4. Lucy and Mary _(be) my classmates.5. She _(be) tired. 6. I _(be) taller than you.7. Look, they _(play) football now.8. He _ 12 years old last year. This year he _(be) 13.9. Her parents _ (be) in the zoo now.10. Mike _ (climb) mountains every weenkend.二、翻译句子1. -昨天你去游泳了吗？-去了。-_ you _ swimming yesterday? - Yes, I _.2. 玛丽看上去很累， 她昨晚做什么了？Mary _ _, what _she _ last night.五、助动词do注意：1. 时态变化: 现在时过去时： dodid2. 人称变化：第三人称单数：dodoes3. 当句子出现助动词do时，千万要小心，它后面的动词必须用原型。4. 一个句子出现助动词的情况：1） 否定句：I dont like playing football.2） 一般疑问句： Does Mary often clean her room?3） 特殊疑问句： What did you do last night? When do you go to school? How does Amy go to school?5. 一个句子不需要出现助动词的情况：1） 肯定句： I like apples.2） 有be动词的否定句： I am not a girl.3） 有be动词的一般疑问句： Are you happy?4） 有be动词的特殊疑问句：What are you doing? Where are you? What time is it now?6. 注意区分助动词do与实义动词do的区别：助动词do没有实际的意思，只做结构性词语，实义动词do是“做”的意思.。 如： do homework, do housework, do the dishes练习巩固：用助动词的适当形式填空：1. _ you do your homework last night?2. We _(否定形式) help her clean her room yesterday.3. _Jack do his homework every day?4. How _ your mother go to work?5. _ she often go swimming on the weekend?6. When _ you get up yesterday morning?7. What _ your father do?8. Tom _(否定形式) like playing football.六、情态动词：我们现在学过的情态动词有：can, will, would, may, must, should, shall。情态动词后动词总是用原形，用法与助动词do一样。(1) Can “能，能够”. I can sing and dance. . I cant sing and dance.用在疑问句里，请求别人的允许。Can I have some rice, please? (2)will “将” 在祈使句或者一般将来时出现l Will you go with me? (祈使句)l I will buy a bike tomorrow. (用于将来时时态)(3) should “应该”You should go to sleep now.(4) must “必须” have to “不得不”l You must do your homework.l I have to go home now. l She has to wash her clothes every day.练习：1. I can climb trees. _? （改为一般疑问句） _.（改为否定句）2. I will _ 3. I like_.A. go shopping B. going shopping C. go shop4. Mary _(不得不) do her homework last night.5. You _(必须) clean the room.-练习：用动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two last year2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.9. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.10. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.11. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _(go) to school by bike.12. - What do you usually do at weekends? -I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?13. - Its Friday today. What _ she _ (do) this weekend? -She _(watch) TV and_ (catch) insects.14. Mary _ (visit) grandparents tomorrow.15. I _ _ _ _ (see) a film tomorrow. 16. A: What _ you _ _ _ (do) next Saturday？B: I _ _ _ _(swim) with my parents.17. There _ (be) a party in our school. 18. Mike _ _ (visit) his grandparents next week.19. He often _(have) dinner at home. 20. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.21. We _ (not watch) TV on Monday. 22. Nick _ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.23._ they _ (lik