Oracle常用视图.docx

Oracle常用视图一、 Oracle常用数据字典表 1、 查看当前用户的缺省表空间SQLselect username,default_tablespace from user_users; 2、 查看当前用户的角色SQLselect * from user_role_privs;3、 查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限SQLselect * from user_sys_privs;SQLselect * from user_tab_privs;4、 查看用户下所有的表SQLselect * from user_tables;5、 查看用户下所有的表的列属性SQLselect * from USER_TAB_COLUMNS where table_name=:table_Name;6、 显示用户信息(所属表空间)select default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace from dba_users where username = GAME;7、 显示当前会话所具有的权限SQLselect * from session_privs;8、 显示指定用户所具有的系统权限SQLselect * from dba_sys_privs where grantee=GAME;9、 显示特权用户select * from v$pwfile_users;10、 显示用户信息(所属表空间)select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users where username=GAME;11、 显示用户的PROFILEselect profile from dba_users where username=GAME;二、 表1、 查看用户下所有的表SQLselect * from user_tables;2、 查看名称包含log字符的表SQLselect object_name,object_id from user_objectswhere instr(object_name,LOG)0;3、 查看某表的创建时间SQLselect object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper(&table_name);4、 查看某表的大小SQLselect sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as size(M) from user_segmentswhere segment_name=upper(&table_name);5、 查看放在Oracle的内存区里的表SQLselect table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,Y)0;三、 索引1、 查看索引个数和类别SQLselect index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;2、 查看索引被索引的字段SQLselect * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper(&index_name);3、 查看索引的大小SQLselect sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as size(M) from user_segmentswhere segment_name=upper(&index_name);四、 序列号1、 查看序列号，last_number是当前值SQLselect * from user_sequences;五、 视图1、 查看视图的名称SQLselect view_name from user_views;2、 查看创建视图的select语句SQLset view_name,text_length from user_views;SQLset long 2000; 说明：可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小SQLselect text from user_views where view_name=upper(&view_name);六、 同义词1、 查看同义词的名称SQLselect * from user_synonyms;七、 约束条件1、 查看某表的约束条件SQLselect constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_namefrom user_constraints where table_name = upper(&table_name);SQLselect c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_namefrom user_constraints c,user_cons_columns ccwhere c.owner = upper(&table_owner) and c.table_name = upper(&table_name)and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_nameorder by cc.position;八、 存储函数和过程1、 查看函数和过程的状态SQLselect object_name,status from user_objects where object_type=FUNCTION;SQLselect object_name,status from user_objects where object_type=PROCEDURE;2、 查看函数和过程的源代码SQLselect text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper(&plsql_name);九、 常用的数据字典：dba_data_files:通常用来查询关于数据库文件的信息dba_db_links:包括数据库中的所有数据库链路，也就是databaselinks。dba_extents:数据库中所有分区的信息dba_free_space:所有表空间中的自由分区dba_indexs:关于数据库中所有索引的描述dba_ind_columns:在所有表及聚集上压缩索引的列dba_objects:数据库中所有的对象dba_rollback_segs:回滚段的描述dba_segments:所有数据库段分段的存储空间dba_synonyms:关于同义词的信息查询dba_tables:数据库中所有数据表的描述dba_tabespaces:关于表空间的信息dba_tab_columns:所有表描述、视图以及聚集的列dba_tab_grants/privs:对象所授予的权限dba_ts_quotas:所有用户表空间限额dba_users:关于数据的所有用户的信息dba_views:数据库中所有视图的文本十、 常用的动态性能视图：v$datafile：数据库使用的数据文件信息v$librarycache：共享池中SQL语句的管理信息v$lock：通过访问数据库会话，设置对象锁的所有信息v$log：从控制文件中提取有关重做日志组的信息v$logfile有关实例重置日志组文件名及其位置的信息v$parameter：初始化参数文件中所有项的值v$process：当前进程的信息v$rollname：回滚段信息v$rollstat：联机回滚段统计信息v$rowcache：内存中数据字典活动/性能信息v$session:有关会话的信息v$sesstat：在v$session中报告当前会话的统计信息v$sqlarea：共享池中使用当前光标的统计信息，光标是一块内存区域，有Oracle处理SQL语句时打开。v$statname：在v$sesstat中报告各个统计的含义v$sysstat：基于当前操作会话进行的系统统计v$waitstat：出现一个以上会话访问数据库的数据时的详细情况。当有一个以上的会话访问同一信息时，可出现等待情况。总结了一下这些，彻底区别了视图与数据字典，也不那么容易混淆。嘿嘿!十一、 常用SQL查询：1、查看表空间的名称及大小select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024),0) ts_sizefrom dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files dwhere t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_namegroup by t.tablespace_name; 2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_spacefrom dba_data_filesorder by tablespace_name; 3、查看回滚段名称及大小select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, (initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, max_extents, v.curext CurExtentFrom dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat vWhere r.segment_id = v.usn(+)order by segment_name; 4、查看控制文件select name from v$controlfile;5、查看日志文件select member from v$logfile;6、查看表空间的使用情况select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_spacegroup by tablespace_name; SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES % USED,(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES % FREEFROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE CWHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME; 7、查看数据库库对象select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;8、查看数据库的版本Select version FROM Product_component_version Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)=Oracle;9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database; 10、捕捉运行很久的SQLcolumn username format a12 column opname format a16 column progress format a8 select username,sid,opname, round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) | % as progress, time_remaining,sql_text from v$session_longops , v$sql where time_remaining 0 and sql_address = address and sql_hash_value = hash_value 11。查看数据表的参数信息SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,last_analyzedFROM dba_tab_partitions-WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :townerORDER BY partition_position 12.查看还没提交的事务select * from v$locked_object;select * from v$transaction;13。查找object为哪些进程所用select p.spid,s.sid,s.serial# serial_num,s.username user_name,a.type object_type,s.osuser os_user_name,a.owner,a.object object_name,decode(sign(48 - command),1,to_char(command), Action Code # | to_char(command) ) action,gram oracle_process,s.terminal terminal,gram program,s.status session_status from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p where s.paddr = p.addr ands.type = USER and a.sid = s.sid anda.object=SUBSCRIBER_ATTRorder by s.username, s.osuser14。回滚段查看select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, v$rollname where v$(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum 15。耗资源的进程（top session）select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), Action Code # | to_char(command) ) action, status session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num, nvl(s.username, Oracle process) user_name, s.terminal terminal, gram program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number(38) and (ALL = ALL or s.status = ALL) and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc 16。查看锁（lock）情况select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name, decode(ls.type, RW, Row wait enqueue lock, TM, DML enqueue lock, TX, Transaction enqueue lock, UL, User supplied lock) lock_type, o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, Row Share, 3, Row Exclusive, 4, Share, 5, Share Row Exclusive, 6, Exclusive, null) lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2 from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type, l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s, v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner SYS order by o.owner, o.object_name17。查看等待（wait）情况SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$ IN (db block gets, consistent gets) group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count18。查看sga情况SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC19。查看catched objectSELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace, type, sharable_mem, loads, executions, locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache 20。查看V$SQLAREASELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA21。查看object分类数量select decode (o.type#,1,INDEX , 2,TABLE , 3 , CLUSTER , 4, VIEW , 5 , SYNONYM , 6 , SEQUENCE , OTHER ) object_type , count(*) quantity from sys.obj$ o where o.type# 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,INDEX , 2,TABLE , 3 , CLUSTER , 4, VIEW , 5 , SYNONYM , 6 , SEQUENCE , OTHER ) union select COLUMN , count(*) from sys.col$ union select DB LINK , count(*) from 22。按用户查看object种类select schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL) indexes, sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL) clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1, NULL) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL) sequences, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1) others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# = 1 and u.user# = o.owner# and PUBLIC group by order by sys.link$ union select CONSTRAINT , count(*) from sys.con$ 23。有关connection的相关信息1）查看有哪些用户连接select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),Action Code # | to_char(command) ) action, gram oracle_process, status session_status, s.terminal terminal, gram program, s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, query, 0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = USER order by s.username, s.osuser2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况select , v.value, n.class,n.statistic# from v$statname n, v$sesstat v where v.sid = 71 and v.statistic# = n.statistic# order by n.class, n.statistic#3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sqlselect /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */command_type, sql_text, sharable_mem, persistent_mem, runtime_mem, sorts, version_count, loaded_versions, open_versions, users_opening, executions, users_executing, loads, first_load_time, invalidations, parse_calls, disk_reads, buffer_gets, rows_processed,sysdate start_time,sysdate finish_time, | address sql_address,N status from v$sqlareawhere address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71) 2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况select , v.value, n.class,n.statistic# from v$statname n, v$sesstat v where v.sid = 71 and v.statistic# = n.statistic# order by n.class, n.statistic#3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sqlselect /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */command_type, sql_text, sharable_mem, persistent_mem, runtime_mem, sorts, version_count, loaded_versions, open_versions, users_opening, executions, users_executing, loads, first_load_time, invalidations, parse_calls, disk_reads, buffer_gets, rows_processed,sysdate start_time,sysdate finish_time, | address sql_address,N status from v$sqlareawhere address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)24查询表空间使用情况select a.tablespace_name 表空间名称,100-round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) 占用率(%),round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) 容量(M),round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) 空闲(M),round(a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) 使用(M),Largest 最大扩展段(M),to_char(sysdate,yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss) 采样时间 from (select f.tablespace_name,sum(f.bytes) bytes