人力资源管理文献翻译

单位代码 学 号 分 类 号 密 级 文献翻译 院（系）名称 专业名称 学生姓名 指导教师 2012 年 3 月 30 日 第 1 页 Human Resource Management Human resources in corporate governance, not only has the human resources planning and strategic leader in the implementation of corporate strategic planning and overall development objectives of the course also has a vital role in this. At present, an increasing number of SMEs in the development of human resources planning is there are a lot of confusion and helplessness. Conditions in the knowledge-based economy, human resources of small and medium enterprises have a vital role in development. More and more small and medium-sized owners, corporate governance has become accustomed to the level of human resources management on the importance of enterprise development, but for the development of human resources planning is always there are a lot of confusion and helplessness. Human resource planning is very simple, not that more recruitment, remuneration, such as content, and sometimes combined with some training things., CEOs are still racking their brains set strategy, how can I make a planning, human resource planning has not done very much sense, does not change plans quickly, the end of the day can be honored only 20% -30%. HR is more than many small and medium enterprises are the views of human resources planning. So, how small and medium enterprises have no need for human resource planning? How can we work out a scientific human resource planning? First of all, let us take a look at the implementation of small and medium-sized effect of human resource planning is not ideal because: Human resource planning is not fully familiar with Do a good job in human resources management are the trilogy: a clear strategic planning - human resources planning - human resources management system and specific implementation plan. Corporate strategic objectives of the overall development of human resources planning determines the content, and these contents for the establishment of human resources management system, develop specific plans to add staff, the use of plans, personnel and promotion plan to succeed, education and training plan, assessment and incentive plan, labor relations, retirement plan termination to provide the direction and in accordance with the 第 2 页 guidelines. A broad sense of human resource planning includes all of these specific content, and not merely just more of recruitment, remuneration, such as content, sometimes coupled with the training point of things. Human resource planning is the development of strategic planning an important component of the enterprise but also the human resources management of the foundation and basis. And the management of small and medium-sized and HR are not fully aware of precisely this point, so that the specific process of the formulation and implementation of a lack of sufficient attention, at all levels of department heads and line managers can not effectively cope with. The strategic objectives of the company is not clear Human Resources Department must be combined with the implementation of corporate strategy to human resources support and guarantees. In human resources development and governance activities, strategic objectives should be to the strategic guidance of human resources policies to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness. Therefore, human resource planning is a prerequisite for enterprise development and corporate strategy clear first, and then can be decomposed into human resources, then demand will have plans, recruitment plans, payroll and other welfare plan with matching. And small and medium-sized general lack of a clear development strategy, particularly in the rapid expansion phase, is often involved in different business areas, including in many emerging industries. These new industries in R & D, marketing, management, and service all aspects of the experience does not mature for reference, especially to open up some new projects, setting a quota of work posts and not as mature as traditional business. Therefore, in human resources management can not have a clear plan, can only go one step further and look forward. Changes in the external environment company too fast, not planning Changes in the development of the market very quickly, and with the market despite changes in the industry to make plans, to reach a rate of year-end target of 20% -30%, however. If an IT company is a regional association in one of the major agents. In the beginning of the year, the companys Human Resources Department in accordance with the 第 3 页 companys annual development strategy this year to develop the companys human resources planning. But in the New Year began less than three months, the Lenovo Groups own strategy, and the significant changes in organizational structure. So the supply chain as a part of the IT companies need to be adjusted throughout the companys human resources planning, in accordance with the requirements of a new company set up with the establishment, re-enact a series of related training programs. In fact, the external political, economic, legal, technical, cultural and other factors has been a series of dynamic changes, will cause a corresponding strategic objectives of the enterprise constantly changing, which in turn may lead to subsequent changes in human resource planning . Lack of human resources planning and personnel expertise At present, although many small and medium-sized set up a Human Resources Department, but the functions of the departments responsible in the exercise, the prevalence of some problems, mainly reflected in: first, the overall quality is not high, very few professionals, lack of expertise reserves, lack of professional skills ; Second, the lack of vocational training system; third, who was born and raised a number of human resources work, do not have good training, no formal influence of large corporations, low vision. Human resources are a very unique work; personal qualities understand the requirements and have a high learning ability. Of these factors, there are many rather than through the process of formal education available. An outstanding work of human resources does not depend on certification by the theory of culture is not, and need is the work of its deep experience and a keen insight into the community. Otherwise, continue to rely solely on the principle of data processing technology or the training of human resources to create works in the same paper. In view of human resource development and governance are to penetrate the realities of small and medium-sized, with the various enterprises are familiar with the work of human resources and increasing practice, human resource planning will be in the development of enterprises play a powerful role in promoting. Human resources planning are to organize the protection of sustainable development, the importance of seeking development and growth, particularly in the small and medium 第 4 页 enterprises. And whether the development and effective implementation of human resources planning does not depend on the size of the company, the most critical is based on the companys development strategy and operating characteristics of the development of suitable management policies. Most of the current characteristics and the operation of these enterprises are facing the problem of work, we propose the following recommendations: Clear core of human resources The starting point for human resources planning is to clearly define the companys core competitive advantages, that is, the business environment in the enterprise, he is the survival value? His resources to maintain a competitive advantage for that? Take in order to maintain its competitive edge to find the real core of human resources. The core of human resources is to determine the survival and development of enterprise key factors, the need for incentives, education and training, design an appropriate career plan, and continuously to ensure that the recruitment of the core group of human resources capacity expansion, quality improvement, and long-term presence in the enterprise. Flexibility to develop forward-looking human resources planning The so-called flexibility of human resource planning, is based on the core competitiveness of enterprises, re-evaluation and planning of human resources in enterprises, and form a general combination of human resources in order to ensure that the needs of enterprises core competitive advantage of the conditions to meet the demands arising from the external business environment caused by temporary changes in human needs. In particular, in the assessment of the existing stock of human resources and define their core human resources on the basis of preparatory support the development of manpower planning and training programs accordingly, and its goal is the production or service enterprises are facing capacity expansion of opportunities, as soon as possible, with middle-level officers at the core support staff to enhance the organizations ability to respond. With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, Sees are facing a growing business environment can not guess, is filled with variables and business opportunities. Human 第 5 页 resources planning must adapt to the needs of enterprise governance, maintaining a certain degree of flexibility in order to avoid the transfer of the business strategy of human resources when rigid, dysfunctional and hinder the development of enterprises. At the same time to further strengthen the human resource planning human resource management activities of the forward-looking, functional direction and predictability. The establishment of three-dimensional model of human resource management Practical human resources planning must be based on internal communication, the basis of mutual cooperation. According to human resources management of small and medium-sized features, the creation of a layer in the decision-making, first-line managers and human resources management in collaboration between the scientific divisions of the three-dimensional model of governance, human resources will contribute to the formulation of strategic planning and implementation. Three-dimensional model, is defined as decision-making, human resource management departments, first-line manager is responsible for the scientific division of labor and human resources management of the business, and the corresponding collaboration. In general, the decision-making level responsible for strategic planning and human resources to support the Human Resources Department, line manager, human resources work; human resources management department is responsible for job analysis, job evaluation and other infrastructure services, and to assist front-line managers do a good job in the core business and to help decision-making to do a good job of human resources strategic planning; first-line managers responsible for management of human resources in the core business in the key link to hold, and to assist Human Resources Department to do a good job analysis and job evaluation of posts and other infrastructure, as well as to assist decision-making to do a good job of human resources strategic planning . 第 6 页 人力资源管理 在企业的人力资源治理中，人力资源规划不仅具有先导性和战略性，在实施企业总体发展战略规划和目标的过程中也具有举足轻重的作用。当前，越来越多的中小企业人力资源规划的制定更是存在许多困惑和无奈。 在知识经济条件下，人力资源对中小企业的发展具有举足轻重的作用。越来越多的中小企业 主、企业治理层也逐渐熟悉到人力资源治理对企业发展的重要性，但对于人力资源规划的制定却始终存在许多困惑和无奈。 “人力资源规划很简单，不就是些招聘、薪酬之类的内容，有时再加点儿培训方面的东西。”、“老总还在拍脑袋定战略，我又怎么搞得出规划”、“人力资源规划做了也没多大意义，计划没有变化快，到头来能兑现的也不过 20%-30%”。以上便是许多中小企业HR 们对于人力资源规划的看法。那么，究竟中小企业有没必要进行人力资源规划？怎样才能制定出科学的人力资源规划？首先让我们分析一下中小企业人力资源规划实施效果不尽理想的原 因： 对人力资源规划的熟悉不全面 做好人力资源治理有三部曲：明确战略规划 人力资源规划 人力资源治理体系与具体的执行计划。企业的整体发展战略目标决定了人力资源规划的内容，而这些内容又为建立人力资源治理体系、制定具体的人员补充计划、人员使用计划、人员接替与晋升计划、教育培训计划、评估与激励计划、劳动关系计划、退休解聘计划等等提供了方向指引和依据。广义上的人力资源规划包含了所有这些具体内容，而决不仅仅“只是些招聘、薪酬之类的内容，有时再加点培训方面的东西”。 人力资源规划是企业发展战略规划的重要组成部分，同 时也是企业各项人力资源治理工作的基础和依据。而中小企业的治理者和 HR 们恰恰没有充分意识到这一点，从而在具体制定和实施过程中缺乏足够的重视，各级部门主管和直线经理也未能有效配合。 公司战略目标不明确 人力资源部门必须结合企业战略的实施予以人力资源的支持和保证。在人力资源开发与治理活动中，应以战略目标出发，以战略为指导，确保人力资源政策的正确性与有效性。因此，人力资源规划的前提是企业发展与企业战略首先要明晰，而后才能分解到 第 7 页 人力资源方面，随后才会有人员需求计划、招聘计划、薪资福利计划等与之相配套。而中小企业一般缺 乏较明确的发展战略，尤其在快速扩张阶段，往往涉足于不同的业务领域，其中不乏许多新兴产业。而这些新兴产业在研发、营销、治理、服务等各个环节没有成熟的经验可以借鉴，尤其是一些新开拓的项目，定岗定编工作不象传统业务那么成熟。因此在人力资源治理方面也不可能有明确的规划，只能是走一步，看一步。 企业外部环境变化太快，不易规划 市场发展变化速度很快，而行业尽管随市场变化而作规划，到年终目标达成率也不过 20%-30%.如某 IT 公司是联想在某区域的大代理商之一。在年初，该公司的人力资源部根据公司的年度发展战略制定出了本年度 公司的人力资源规划。但是在新的一年开始不到三个月的时间里，联想集团自身的战略、组织结构发生重大变化。于是作为供给链上的一个环节，该 IT 公司也必须随之调整整个公司的人力资源规划，根据要求重新进行公司的人员设置与编制，重新制定与之相关的一系列培训计划等。事实上，企业外部的政治、经济、法律、技术、文化等一系列因素一直处于动态的变化中，相应地就会引起企业内部的战略目标不断地变化，从而又会导致人力资源规划随之变化。 缺乏人力资源规划的专门技术与人才 目前，虽然许多中小企业成立了