大连托福培训-解读新托福阅读之否定排除题.doc

大连托福培训-解读新托福阅读之否定排除题大连朗阁考试研究中心 否定排除题（Negative Factual Information Questions）是新托福每次必考题型，每次题量不是很多，通常每篇文章0-2个左右。问题形式大连朗阁考试研究中心分析认为，这种题型要求考生们根据文章明确陈述的信息，确定哪些信息是真实的，哪些信息是不真实的或者是原文所没有提及的。这种题目的提问方式通常为：According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?The authors description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT 等等（题目中要么出现大写的NOT，要么出现大写的EXCEPT）解题步骤1. 看题目，判断题型2. 读选项，划关键词（提高速度，先不直接回原文定位）3. 读题干，带着关键词在文章中定位相关信息4. 读原文相关信息并选出答案。注意：1. 此种题型要求考生回顾更多的原文信息，因为三个在原文曾被提及的选项可能分布在一个段落或几个段落里。2. 此题型的正确选项为：not mentioned in the passage or not true according to the passage3. 解答完题目后，考生要检查自己的答案，以确保正确回答了这道题目。下面朗阁专家通过几个例子来示范这种题目的答题步骤及方法。The final major human cause of desertification is soil salinization resulting from over-irrigation. Excess water from irrigation sinks down into the water table. If no drainage system exists, the water table rises, bringing dissolved salts to the surface. The water evaporates and the salts are left behind, creating a white crustal layer that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil.All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to desertification EXCEPT soil erosion global warming insufficient irrigation the raising of livestock解析：首先本题题干中出现标志性词“EXCEPT”，因此我们断定此题为否定排除题；接下来读选项，而选项中均为词组，这些词组即为关键词；在原文定位，我们可以在第二段中定位到“Desertification is accomplished primarily through the loss of stabilizing natural vegetation and the subsequent accelerated erosion of the soil by wind and water”，因此，第一个选项排除；继续定位，在文章第四段我们可以定位到“In some regions, the increase in desert is occurring largely as the result of a trend toward drier climatic conditions. Continued gradual global warming has produced an increase in aridity for some areas over the past few thousand years.”在第七段我们可以定位到“The raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where gases”在第九段我们可以定位到“The final major human cause of desertification is soil salinization resulting from over-irrigation.”因此，第二选项和第四选项我们都可以排除掉，而第三选项和原文中内容相反，也就是“not true according to the passage”，因此答案为第三选项。此题中被原文中提及的选项分布在几个段落里。The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial “peepshow” format to the point where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater. In the peepshow format, a film was viewed through a small opening in a machine that was created for that purpose. Thomas Edisons peepshow device, the Kinetoscope, was introduced to the public in 1894. it was designed for use in Kinetoscope parlors, or arcades, which contained only a few individual machines and permitted only one customer to view a short, 50-foot film at any one time. The first Kinetoscope parlors contained five machines. For the price of 25 cents(or 5 cents per machine), customers moved from machine to machine to watch five different films(or, in the case of famous prizefights, successive rounds of a single fight).According to paragraph 1, all of the following were true of viewing films in Kinetoscope parlors EXCEPT One individual at a time viewed a film Customers could view one film after another. Prizefights were the most popular subjects for film. Each film was short.解析：首先本题题干中出现标志性词“EXCEPT”，因此我们断定此题为否定排除题；接下来读选项划关键词，第一个选项信息都比较关键，第二个选项我们可以划关键词为“one film after another”，第三个选项我们可以划关键词为“Prizefights”和“most popular subject”，第四个选项我们可以划关键词为“short”；在文章中定位，我们可以定位到信息“only one customer to view a short, 50-foot film at any one time”和“customers moved from machine to machine to watch five different films(or, in the case of famous prizefights, successive rounds of a single fight)”，根据原文信息，我们可以排除第一个、第二个和第四个选项，而第三个选项文章中未提及，也就是“not mentioned in the passage”，因此答案即为第三个选项。The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations, and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified as during wartime are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively. One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings, in turn, can lead to aggressive action, but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experience with aggression and their interpretation of other peoples motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other peoples motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.According to the cognitive approach described in paragraph 7 and 8, all of the following may influence the decision whether to act aggressively EXCEPT a persons moral values previous experiences with aggression instinct to avoid aggression beliefs about other peoples intensions解析：首先本题题干中出现标志性词“EXCEPT”，因此我们断定此题为否定排除题；接下来读选项划关键词，而选项中均为词组，这些词组即为关键词；在原文定位，我们可以定位到信息“Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influence