毕业设计(论文)运用灰色关系分析选择供营商的联合方法外文资料翻译

毕业设计 (论文 )运用灰色关系分析选择供营商的联合方法外文资料翻译 河 北 科 技 大 学 毕业设计 论文 外文资料翻译 学 院 经济管理学院 专 业 国际经济与贸易 姓 名 郭 秀 慧 学 号 030206218 外文出处 World Scientific worldscientificcom 附 件 1 外文资料翻译译文 2 外文原文 指导教师评语 签名 年 月 日 附件 1 外文资料翻译译文 运用灰色关系分析选择供营商的联合方法 摘要本文使用一种灰色关系分析 GRA 联合方法与向前供应链模型 FSCM 分析阶层过程 AHP 为评估和选择供营商开发 一个新的模型展示模型在实践解决帮助也决定阶层的结构是否可能代表供营商选择决定是否包括影响供营商选择的所有关键 GRA 模型的有效印度南部的原始设备制造业 OEM 产业说明 GRA 的 AHP得到的结果提出的模型帮助产业有效地选择供营商 供营商选择 向前供应链模型 FSCM 原始设备制造业 OEM 灰色关系分析 GRA 分析阶层过程 AHP 1 当前产业倾向于仅集中他们的核心业务越来越外购生产职能反过来这实践创造了更大和更加复杂的供应链这些链的成功管理是公司基石一 基本上产业组织有效作用被划分例如销计划生产购 买财务等等供应链是集为组织创造一个一般计划的供应链满足服务策他们的竞争环境的最低可能费用水平供应链是部门网络从原材料到最终产品产品制造购买在多数组织重购买的零件组分 40-60 这意味着相对小成本降低用组织其他销售区域对赢利的更选择潜力供营商选择是使用共同标准和供营商的比较然而为审查潜在供营商使用的根据顾客需要选择的体目标是认高潜的供营商选择的供营商顾客使用选择标准和正确的每个供营商的能力一贯有效地的需要标准和措施被所有被考虑供营商反顾客的需要它的供应和技术战略它的需要转换成有用的标准可能是不容易的因为需要经常 被表达一般定性概念标准应该是可以定量地被评估的具体要求 顾客选择标准措施常标准和下一个收集信息收集信息评标准的数量和类型洞察可利用的数据的种类然而收集信息没有到位具体标准和措施可能 购买作用的角色和结构演变买原材料组织和供营商活动包括选择合格的供营商估计供营商的表现谈判合同比较价格质量和服务源头物品和服务分期付款购买售货条的评估价值预的价格服务和有时需求改变定物品被接受的形式等等 供营商选择过程的宗旨为买家减少风险总价值最大化考虑一系列战略这些变供营商的时间表国内和国际供营商选择供营商的数量即一或多个 产品种类选择 本文使用灰色关系分析 GRA 和向前供应链模型 FSCM 分析阶层过程 AHP 为位于印度南部生产橡胶产品的原始器材制造者 OEM 产业评估供营商选择提出一个结构模型本文组织如下第 3 部分问题第 4 部分提出解答方法第 5 部分使用AHP 和 GRA 提出的联合方法 6 部分中讨论模型 案件例证 的应用第 7 部分和第 8部分提出案件例证本文结论的结果比较 2 回顾 供营商选择决定复杂在决定过程中必须考虑各种各样的标准 60 年代这标准和量供营商表现分析许多科学家和购买者许多和研究致力这个问题这个部分简要地供营商选择问 题结果现的 早在 1966 年 Dickson1 评估供营商 23 个不同标准这些标准他阐明质量和交货时间供营商选择最重要的工作指标之中从那许多主要援引他的供营商选择问题概念经验和数学 在供营商选择的经验 Weber et al 供应商选择最重要标准的全面根据他们的调查价格选择过程中重要因素订货交货的时间质量因素 Jiuh-Biing 提出他的研究方法刺激全球性相关领域的研究也许帮助关全球性操作的不确定性和复杂问题 Chan 和 Chung 基因优化解决供应链管理分布式网络问题在工作他们以基因算法结合分析阶层过程减少计算时间策 制定的能力 Vaidya 和 Kumar 分析阶层过程 AHP 应用的并且提 AHP 作为一个多标准策制定工具的各种应用 Handeld et al 在 AHP 帮助下在他们的供应商评估决定集成环境问题 Liu et al 和 Weber et al 为一个多供营商选择问题 VSP 提出了数据包封分析方法 Vanegas和 Labib提顾客要求确定重量的方法使用模糊的线段的概念通过重量从 AHP 转换成模糊的数字 Maggie 和 Tummala 电信系统选择供营商上述供营商的选择多数研究只考虑了三个主要因素 质量服务和价格 和大约 15 个次级因 素本文描述五个主要因素 质量交付设计能力服务和价格 和供营商选择 21 个次级因素 3 问题选择的公司为它的橡胶制造业产品供应链当前公司面对关产品质量很多问题在包括从产业学术界研究专家研究小组发现了质量问题由于从一供营商购买原材料质量测试公司计划从三个供选择的供营商挑选的最佳供营商购买原料改进产品的质量供营商 1 供营商 2 和供营商 3 现在问题是哪些供营商将被选择和次是供营商选择过程中最和重要的选择供营商选择可能的和次从产业 购买采购销售产品质量和 到学术供营商选择和次通过选择直接不同功能区域表 1 选择的最佳供营 商四个第 1 级代表最佳供营商的选择目标 第 2 级代表质量 Q 交付 D 或者技术能力 E 服务 S 和价格 R 第 3级代表 21次级第 4级代表供营商的数量 4 解方法 这在选择以后采取多标准制定工具例如 AHP和 GRA解决供营商选择问题第一个部分使用 AHP方法因为它定性和定量标准解决当前问题方法 GRA方法第二部分因为 AHP 更快速和简下面 AHP 和 GRA 方法概要 41 AHP 概要 AHP12 是一应用领域复杂多标准问题方法这个方法被考虑复杂和无特定结构的决定的一种有效和实用方法研究 AHP 来处理影响供营商选择决定有形和无形的因素次级因素方法的选择根据问题和其他方法缺点决策者成对比较判断每个标准的重要性 AHP 的结果是每个决定选择给予优先的等或本文的研究集中于公式化 AHP 和基于 GRA 的联合方法为橡胶制造工厂选择一个最佳的供营商 基本上 AHP 方法考虑决策问题有三步 比较评断 并且优先权综合如下描述 AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR SELECTING A VENDOR USING GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS This paper develops a new model for evaluating and selecting the vendor using an integrated approach of Grey Relational Analysis GRA along with an Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP in a Forward Supply Chain Model FSCM The paper aims to demonstrate how the model can help in solving such decisions in practice It also examines the structure of the decision hierarchy whether it can represent vendor selection decisions in reality and whether it covers all key factors affecting vendor selection choices The effectiveness of the GRA model is illustrated with an Original Equipment Manufacturing OEM industry in southern part of India and the results of GRA were validated using the result obtained from AHP The proposed model helps the industry to effectively select the vendor Keywords Vendor selection Forward Supply Chain Model FSCM Original Equipment Manufacturing OEM Grey Relational Analysis GRA Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP 1 Introduction At present industries tend to focus only on their core business and resort more and more to outsourcing several of their production functions than in the recent past In turn this practice has created larger and more complex supply chains The successful management of these chains is one of the cornerstones for companies to stay competitive Basically industrial organizations have been divided in operative functions such as marketing planning production purchasing finance etc Supply chain is a strategy that integrates these functions creating a general plan for the organization which satisfies the service policy maintaining the lowest possible cost level due to the incredible competition environment that they are exposed to A supply chain is a network of departments which is involved in the manufacturing of a product from the procurement of raw materials to the distribution of the final products to the customer Purchasing commands a significant position in most organizations since purchased parts components and supplies typically represent 40 60 of the sales of its end products This means that relatively small cost reductions gained in the acquisition of materials can have a greater impact on profits than equal improvements in other cost-sales areas of the organization The objective of vendor selection is to identify vendors with the highest potential for meeting customers needs consistently and at an acceptable cost Selection is a broad comparison of vendors using a common set of criteria and measures However the level of detail used for examining potential vendors may vary depending on customers needs The overall goal of selection is to identify high potential vendors To select likely vendors the customer judges each vendors ability to meet consistently and cost-effectively its needs using selection criteria and right measures Criteria and measures are developed to be applicable to all the vendors being considered and to reflect the customers needs and its supply and technology strategy It may not be easy to convert its needs into useful criteria because needs are often expressed as general qualitative concepts while criteria should be specific requirements that can be quantitatively evaluated The customer can set measures while it is developing selection criteria to ensure that the criteria will be practical to use Often developing criteria and measures overlaps with the next step gathering information Gathering information may offer insight into the number and type of criteria that will be required for the evaluation and the type of data that is available However gathering information without specific criteria and measures in place can lead to extraneous effort There has been an evolution in the role and structure of the purchasing function through the 90s Purchasing involves buying the raw materials vendors and components for the organization The activities associated with it include selecting and qualifying vendor rating vendor performance negotiating contracts comparing price quality and service sourcing goods and service timing purchases selling terms of sale evaluating the value received predicting price service and sometimes demand changes specifying the form in which goods are to be received etc The objective of the vendor selection process is to reduce risk and imize the total value for the buyer and it involves considering a series of strategic variables Among these variables is the time frame of the relationship with vendors the choice between domestic and international vendors and the number of vendors that is choosing between single or multiple sourcing and the type of product This paper presents a structured model for evaluating the vendor selection for the original equipment manufacturers OEM industry producing rubber products located at the southern part of India using the Grey Relational Analysis GRA and Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP in a Forward Supply Chain Model FSCM This paper is organized as follows In Sec 2 a literature review is provided Section 3 describes the problem Section 4 presents the solution methodology Section 5 presents the proposed integrated approach using AHP and GRA In Sec 6 the application of model case illustration is discussed Sections 7 and 8 present the result comparisons of the case illustration and conclusion of the paper 2 Literature Review Vendor selection decisions are complicated by the fact that various criteria must be considered in decisions making process The analysis of such criteria and measuring the performances of vendors have been the focus of many scientists and purchasing practitioners since the 1960s Many papers and researches were dedicated to this problem This section briefly summarizes the literature of existing approaches and results obtained for the vendor selection problem Early in 1966 Dickson1 reports 23 different criteria for vendors evaluation Of these criteria he states that cost quality and delivery times are among the most important performance measures in the selection of vendors Since that time numerous papers have cited his work approaching the vendor selection problem mainly from three perspectives conceptual empirical and mathematical In the empirical area of the vendor selection Weber et al3 present a comprehensive review of the literature providing the most important criteria in the choice of suppliers According to their investigation they rank price as the most important factor in the selection process followed by lead-time and quality factors Jiuh-Biing proposed a methodology in his research that would stimulate research in the related fields of global logistics and may help address issues regarding the uncertainty and complexity of global logistics operations Chan and Chung5 develop a multi-criterion genetic optimization for solving distribution network problems in supply chain management In this work they combine analytic hierarchy processes with genetic algorithms to capture the capability of multi-criterion decision-making which will reduce the computation time Vaidya and Kumar presents a literature review of the applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP and also provided the various application area where the AHP is used as a multiple criteria decision-making tool Handeld et al in their work integrate environmental issues in their supplier assessment decisions with the help of AHP Liu et al and Weber et al presented a data envelopment analysis method for a Vendor Selection Problem VSP with multiple objectives Vanegas and Labib proposed a method to determine the weights for the customer requirements by converting the weights from the AHP into fuzzy numbers using the concept of a fuzzy line segment Maggie and Tummala in their paper discussed about the vendor selection for the telecommunication systems and based on the proposed model the time taken to select the vendor has been reduced The above literature reveals that for selection of vendors most previous researchers have considered only three main factors quality service and price and about 15 sub-factors This paper describes five main factors quality delivery engineering capability service and price and 21 sub-factors for the vendor selection 3 Problem Description The company chosen for this work plans to build a supply chain for its rubber manufacturing product At present the company is facing a lot of problems regarding the quality of products manufactured After the long study done by the research team comprising of experts from industry and academia it was found that the quality problems have risen because of the raw materials purchased from the single vendor without testing the quality So the company has planned to improve the quality of the product by purchasing raw material from the best vendor selected from the three alternative vendors namely vendor 1 vendor 2 and vendor 3 were taken into consideration Among the questions that arise is which vendors are to be selected The attributes and the sub-attributes have to be most prevalent and important in the vendor selection process Choosing the possible attributes and sub-attributes for the vendor selection involves a decision making team which includes experts from the industry side purchasing director purchasing manager sales manager product manager quality manager and production manager and the academic side The attributes and sub-attributes involved in the vendor selection have been chosen by conducting a survey A questionnaire consisting of these factors was designed for the survey A respondent to the survey is selected randomly from different functional areas of the Original Equipment Manufacturers company who are directly involved with the materials supplied by the vendors Based on the survey conducted the major influencing attributes and sub-attributes involved in vendor selection are given in Table 1 It comprises of four levels for selecting the best vendor Level 1 represents the goal ie selection of best vendor Level 2 represents the five attributes Quality Q Delivery D Engineeringtechnical capability E Service S and Price R Level 3 represents 21 sub-attributes and Level 4 represents the number of vendors 4 Solution Methodology In this work the multi criteria decision-making tools such as AHP and GRA are adopted to solve the vendor selection problem after selecting attributes and sub-attributes In the first part the AHP approach is used since it can combine both qualitative and quantitative criteria making it an appropriate approach for solving the current problem GRA approach is used in the second part because the calculations involved are faster and simpler than in AHP The overview of AHP and GRA approaches are discussed below 41 Overview of AHP The AHP12 is a decision making approach designed to aid in the solution of complex multiple criteria problems in a number of application domains This method has been found to be an effective and practical approach that can consider complex and unstructured decisions The AHP is proposed in this research in order to handle both tangible and intangible factors and sub-factors affecting vendor selection decisions The selection of the methodology is based on the characteristics of the problem and the consideration of the advantages and drawbacks of other methodologies The decision-maker judges the importance of each criterion in pair-wise co