山东省高密市教科院高考英语二轮复习《时态和语态》学案.doc

山东省高密市教科院2013届高三高考二轮复习英语时态和语态学案主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。4、及物动词的被动语态。6、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。高考例题【2012江西卷】26-look! somebody the sofa. -well, it wasnt me. i didnt do it.ais cleaningbwas cleaningchas cleaneddhad cleaned【答案】c【考点】考察时态【解析】句意为”看,有人已经打扫了沙发.是的,不是我,我没有做.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时.【2012湖南卷】33. - i remember you were a talented pianist at college. can you play the piano for me? - sorry, i _ the piano for years. a. dont playb. wasnt playingc. havent playedd. hadnt played【答案】c【考查】本题考查动词的时态。【解析】根据remember, can可知语境为现在，for years得出为从过去到现在，所以用现在完成时态。动词的时态 现在完成时态 【2012湖南卷】27. the moment _ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously. a. cameb. has comec. was comingd. is coming【答案】d【解析】本题考查时态。【解析】根据soon可知为将来的事情，且是直接引语，应为现在，所以选d，进行时态表将来。动词的时态 现在进行时态表将来 【2012湖南卷】25. close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. a. sawb. have seenc. will seed. are seeing【答案】c【考点】本题考察动词的时态。【解析】从前一分句为祈使句可知此语境为将来的情况，而且这是一常见句型：“祈使句+and+表将来的句子”。动词的时态 一般将来时态 【2012湖南卷】22. dont worrry. the hard work that you do now _ later in life. a. will be repaidb. was being repaidc. has been repaidd. was repaid【答案】a【考点】考查动词时态和语态。【解析】从dont可知语境为现在，排除b、d；而later in life可知为将来的动作，故选a。动词的时态 一般将来时态 被动语态的构成被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：一般现在时：am/is/are + given 【例句】the first section of new college english is designed for speaking practiceand is based on pictures and topics.一些特殊的被动语态1. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语(指人的宾语）。they didnt offer ann the job. ann wasnt offered the job. 2. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。they make her clean the floor. -she is made to clean the floor by them.3. it + be + 过去分词 + that从句 (=主语+ be + 过去分词 + to do sth.)表示：据说/据报道/据悉/据信等 据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。it is said that the boy has passed the national exam. the boy is said to have passed the national exam.但：it _ that there was a car over there. a. so happened b. so happens c. is so happened d. was so happened 答案：a. happen是不及物动词，无被动语态。4. be supposed to suppose vt. 推想; 假设; 猜想 supposed adj. 假定的; 推测的; 意图的(1) 据说 (=be said to) 如：lets go and see that film. its supposed to be very good.我们一起去看那电影好吗? 人们都说它不错。(2) 计划、安排id better hurry. its nearly 8 oclock. im supposed to be meeting tom at 8:15.(3) be not supposed to 不允许you are not supposed to park here.这儿不允许停车。不可以变成被动语态的情况1. 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词可以表示被动意义。cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read, write1）the dish tastes delicious. 2）the theory proved right at last.3）the book is so interesting that it sells well. the book is so interesting that it sells well. “sells”此处为不及物动词“销售起来; 有销路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖; 出售” this kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗) 2. need + v- ing 表示“主语承受动词发出的动作”，表示被动意义。我的车需要修理。my car needs repairing. (= to be repaired). 不定式被动式讲与练不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。语态 时态主动语态被动语态一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done进行式 to be doing/完成进行式 to have been doing/v-ing形式由 “do + ing” 构成，其否定形式是 “not doing”，v-ing可以带宾语或状语构成v-ing 短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。语态时态 主动形式 被动形式一般式(not) doing(not) being done完成式(not) having done(not) having been done注意：在avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on等后接v-ing形式作宾语。一些动词如need, want, require等作“需要”讲时, 其后的动词-ing形式的主动语态表示被动意义, 也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。the blackboard needs cleaning. = the blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。另外注意be worth及be worthy的用法：the problem is worth discussing.the problem is worthy of being discussed.the problem is worthy to be discussed.巩固练习1. when alice came to, she did not know how long she there. (2011 全国)a.had been lying b.has been lying c.was lying d.has lain2. experiments of this kind in both the u.s. and europe well before the second world war. (2011 北京)a. have conducted b. have been conducted c. had conducted d. had been conducted3. on her next birthday, ann married for twenty years. (2011 天津)a.is b.has been c.will be d.will have been4. a lot of people often forget that oral exams to test our communicative ability. (2011上海)a. design b. are designedc. are designing d. are being designed5. last month, the japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they from china. (2011福建)a.receive b.are receiving c.have received d.had received6. the manager was worried about the press conference his assistant in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.(2011浙江)a. gave b. gives c. was giving d. had given7. what a mistake!yes. i his doing it another way, but without success. (2011 四川)a.was suggesting b.will suggest c.would suggest d.had suggested8. that piece of music sounds quite familiar. who the piano upstairs? (2011重庆)a. has played b. played c. plays d. is playing9.look at the pride on toms face. he _ to have been praised by the manager just now. (2011 重庆)a.seemed b.seems c.had seemed d.is seeming10. in the near future, more advances in the robot technology by scentists. (2011湖南)a. are making b. are made c. will make d. wi