山东省济南市高考英语（四月）完形填空、阅读理解小练（8）.doc

2015济南市高考英语（四月）完形填空、阅读理解小练（8）答案阅读理解(2014泰安复习质量检测)university of maryland student ben simon and his friends couldnt stand to see good food thrown out on their campus.“we basically noticed that some of the extra food from the dining hall was going to waste at the end of the day.and we met with the dining services and asked them whether it would be okay if instead of throwing out the food we would donate it.and they were on board，” he said.so 18 months ago，the students began what they call the food recovery network.each night，volunteers would show up at a campus dining hall to pick up leftovers and deliver them to area shelters and food banks.so far，they have donated more than 23 000 kilos of food that would otherwise have been thrown out.nationwide，$165 billion worth of food is wasted each year，according to the national resources defense council.spokesman bob keefe says that is about 40% of the countrys entire food production.“if we can reduce our waste in this country by 15%，we can feed 25 million hungry americans.that is a huge benefit.that is what programs like this food recovery network are doing，” he said.christian life center is one of the beneficiaries (受益者) of the students efforts.ben slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，“it has been just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.each week we are able with this food probably to feed over hundred people.”the university of marylands food recovery network now has 200 volunteers and the program has expanded to 18 schools across the country.“i want to grow 18 chapters to a thousand chapters within five years.and once we get to the food recovery nation being at every college campus in america，we want to expand to restaurants and farms.” said simon.the volunteers are committed to making that happen.1the dining services in university of maryland_.athrew out good food on the campus bsupported the volunteers jobcenjoyed the talk with the students ddonated their leftovers to the poor2volunteers from the food recovery network_.astarted the food recovery network two years agobdelivered leftovers as well as money to shelterschelped to solve the hunger issues in americaddonated leftovers to avoid food waste3ben slyes attitude toward the volunteers effort was that of_.aunconcern bdoubt cappreciationdopposition4we can learn from the text that_.aover 40% of the countrys entire food is wasted each yearbaltogether 25 million americans suffer from hunger nowadayscsimon aims to expand the program to restaurants and farmsdevery college has started the food recovery network5what can be the best title for the text?acollege students rescue leftover foodbbattles against the problem of hungerchow to pick up leftovers on college campusesdwaste problems in university of maryland语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。每天都有人在浪费粮食，如果把这些粮食收集起来，供给那些需要的人，那将会帮助很多饥饿的人们。美国一所大学的学生们正在做这样的事情。他们建立了“食物回收网络”，收集学校餐厅里的残羹剩饭，将其送到有需要的地方。1解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“and they were on board”可知，学校的餐饮服务部参与其中。此处on board为短语“take sth.on board”的简写，意为“采纳，接纳(主意、建议)”。答案：b2解析：推理判断题。根据对文章第二段的整体理解可知，志愿者们到学校餐厅去收集剩菜，然后把它们运到收容所等，以避免浪费。答案：d3解析：观点态度题。根据文章第四段第二句“ben slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，it has been just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.”可知，ben slye对志愿者们的努力是持“支持，赞许，欣赏”的态度。答案：c4解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“and once we get to the food recovery nation being at every college campus in america，we want to expand to restaurants and farms”可知，答案c符合文意。 答案：c5解析：标题概括题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了美国大学生建立组织，收集学校餐厅里的剩饭，身体力行把它们运到收容所的事。由此可知，答案a最适合做文章的标题。答案：a.阅读理解 whether it is “women and children first” or “every man for himself” in a shipwreck(船只失事) may depend on how long it takes the ship to sink, researchers said recently. when the lusitania was torpedoed（用鱼雷攻击） by a german ship in 1915, it sank in 18 minutes and the majority of the survivors were young men and women who responded immediately to their powerful survival instincts（本能）. but when the titanic struck an iceberg in 1912, it took “three hours to go down, allowing time for more civilize(文明的) behavior to take controland the majority of the survivors were women, children and people with young children. economist benno torgler of the queensland university of technology in australia and his colleagues studied the two sinkings in order to explore the economic theory that people generally behave in a “rational”(理性的) and selfish manner. the two tragedies provided a “natural experiment” for testing the idea, because the passengers on the two ships were quite similar in terms of gender (性别) and wealth. the major difference was how long it took the ships to sink. they suggested that when people have little time to react, instincts may rule. when more time is available, social influences play a bigger role. but psychologists(心理学家) noted that many factors other than following social norms could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments(依恋) that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures.the extent (程度) of altruism (利他主义) and how it occurs “is a very controversial issue,” said anthony r. mawson, a professor of preventive medicine at the university of mississippi medical center.he thinks the dominant(主宰的) response was attachment behavior. psychologist daniel kruger of the university of michigan, us thinks that the answer lies less in social norms and more in our evolutionary heritage. human beings have a deep instinct to preserve our kind, he said, and that means “people are more likely to save those who have higher reproductive value, namely the young and women in child-bearing years”. kruger also stressed the importance of leadership during a disaster, noting that the titanics captain appeared to have greater control than the lusitanias.16. according to benno torgler, what led to the different results between the two shipwrecks?a. the survival instinct. b. the civilized behavior.c. the leadership of the captain. d. the length of time.17. which of the follwing explanations for the two sinkings will be accepted by psychologists?a. human beings are born to be selfish.b. the well-off will be likely to survive.c. social status will play a decisive role in survival.d. human survival is more significant than that of the individuals.18. the following factors have something to do with disasters behaviors except_.a. leadership b. social division of labor c. a feeling of affection d. social regulations19. according to daniel kruger, the young and women in child-bearing years take the priority to survive because_.a. they make a contribution to human continuity b. they deserve everybodys sympathyc. they have stronger survival instincts d. they are the weak who need protecting20. what is the main idea of the passage?a. the passage is mainly about two sinkings that had different result about survivals.b. the passage shows us the true causes that resulted in the two shipwrecks.c. the passage gives us a definite explanation about the different consequence of survivals of the two shipwrecks.d. the passage gives us various possible analyses about the disaster behaviors.【参考答案】1620、ddbad 完形填空。why did i come today? i wondered. my christmas list contained names of several people that claimed they wanted _1_ but i knew their feelings would be _2_ if i didnt buy them anything, but gift _3_ was anything but fun.hurriedly and _4_， i finished shopping and joined the long checkout lines. in front of me were a boy of about 10 and a younger girl. the girl carried a beautiful pair of shiny, gold house slippers (拖鞋). when we finally _5_ near the checkout register, the girl carefully _6_ the shoes on the counter. she treated them as though they were a _7_.“that will be $6.09，” the cashier said. the boy _8_ his pockets. he finally came up with $3.12. “i guess we will have to put them _9_，” he bravely said. “we will come back some other time, maybe tomorrow.” with that statement, a soft sob (啜泣声) broke from the little girl. “but jesus would have loved these shoes，” she _10_.“well, well go home and work some more. dont cry. well surely _11_，” he said.quickly i _12_ $3.00 to the cashier. the two children had waited in line for a long time. and, _13_， it was christmas. suddenly a pair of arms came around me and a small _14_ gratefully said, “thank you, lady.” “what did you _15_ when you said jesus would like the shoes？” i asked. the boy answered, “our mommy is sick and going to heaven.” the girl said, “my teacher said the _16_ in heaven are shiny gold, just like these shoes. wont mommy be _17_ walking on those streets with these shoes？” my eyes _18_ as i looked at her tearstreaked face. “yes，” i answered, “i am _19_ she will be very beautiful.” silently i thanked god for using these children to remind me of the true spirit of _20_.1a.something bnothingcanything deverything答案：b根据后面的提示if i didnt buy them anything可知，很多人声称他们什么东西都不需要。2a.hurt bknowncreflected dchanged答案：a根据人的心理可推测，很多人嘴上说不需要礼物，但是如果不给他们购买礼物，他们会觉得受到了伤害。3a.collecting bsendingcbuying dreceiving答案：c根据上下文信息可推测，这里是指买礼物决不是件快乐的事情。4a.patiently bconfidentlycunwillingly dcuriously答案：c根据anything but fun可知，我不情愿做这样的事。5a.moved bpassedcche