高考英语二轮复习 专题限时训练(三十四) 史地自然型阅读理解配套作业(二)（解析版新课标）.doc

专题限时训练(三十四)史地自然型阅读理解(二)(限时：25分钟)4(一)several animal species including gorillas (大猩猩) in rwanda and tigers in bangladesh could risk extinction if impact of climate change and extreme weather on their homes is not handled, a un report showed on sunday.released during the course of global climate negotiations in durban, the report by the united nations food and agriculture organisation (unfao) shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and overuse of land have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in africa. “many ecosystems have already been affected by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, shortlasting management practices and even invasive species，” eduardo rojas, assistant director general at the unfaos forestry department, said at the release of the report.the most affected areas include mountains, islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to move elsewhere and create new habitats. “the remaining populations are limited to very small ecosystems. they have inbreeding (近亲繁殖) problems, and at the end these species may disappear，” he added.other examples of affected animals include elephants in mali, lions in serengeti and crocodiles in malawi. the report says about 2030 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant number of local species may disappear by 2050 as a consequence. other consequences could include the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases, it said.the report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems, especially those key to dealing with climate change such as inland waters, forests and grasslands. the unfao also called for the creation of movement channels for animals in areas where their movement was affected. the organization said while more resources (资源) were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed. it also urges local communities to develop projects that ease the effect of climate change on wildlife, naming ecotourism activities as an example.1. what does the author tell us in paragraph 2?a. the theme of global climate negotiations in durban.bthe subject of research done by eduardo rojas.charmful effects of damage done to ecosystems.dcauses of damage done to ecosystems.2. why are animals living in mountains, islands and coastal areas most affected?a. they are frequently attacked by invasive species and infectious diseases.bthey have difficulty finding enough food for survival.cthey have little chance of moving to other places.dthey can hardly find mates to produce their young.3. to avoid extinction of some animal species, the unfao suggested all the following ways except _.a. restoring damaged ecosystemsblimiting world population growthccreating movement channels for animalsdurging governments and local communities to take action4. what would serve as the best title for the passage?a. climate change and ecotourismbhuman activities and the animal kingdomcgorillas, tigers at risk due to climate changedhow to balance human development and animal rights(二)death valley, one of americas great national parks, is a place of strange and silent beauty. as beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger. death valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes. there are mountains that reach more than 3,000 meters into the sky. there is a place called badwater that is the lowest area of land in the western hemisphere. if there were water there, it would be 86 meters below the level of the ocean.death valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. storms in the mountains can produce sudden flooding on the floor of the valley. the air temperature during the summer has been as high as 57. the sun can heat the ground so that the temperature of the rocks and soil can be as high as 74. the extreme heat of death valley has killed people in the past. it will continue to kill those who do not honor this extreme climate. death valley does not forgive those who are not careful.death valley is a good example of the violence of nature. it contains evidence of several ancient volcanoes that caused huge explosions. evidence of one of these explosions is called ubehebe crater. the explosion left a huge hole in the ground almost a kilometer and a half wide.in many areas of death valley it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the earth. this movement has created unusual and beautiful rock formations. some are red. others are dark brown, gray, yellow or black. other areas of rock look as if some huge creature violently broke and twisted the earth to create unusual, sometimes frightening shapes.in other parts of death valley there are lines in the rock that show clearly that this area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years. much of the valley is flat and extremely dry. in fact, scientists believe it is the driest place in the united states.death valley, part of the great mojave desert, is a huge place. it extends more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of california, and across the border with nevada.1which of the following statements is true according to the passage? athe water in badwater is 86 meters below the level of the ocean.bthe highest air temperature of death valley in summer can reach as high as 74.cthe ground has been pushed up violently by explosions of volcanoes.dthere might have been marine lives living in death valley.2why were some people killed by death valley? abecause they didnt respect death valley and thus they were punished.bbecause it is extremely hot in summer and dangerously cold in winter.cbecause they were not careful enough to take with them what they needed.dbecause several volcanoes erupted and caused huge explosions.3the underlined word “twisted” in paragraph 4 most possibly means “_”. abent and turnedbcreated and developedcbuilt and shapeddchanged and ruined4the purpose of the article is to _. aencourage people to visit death valley, a beautiful national park in americabwarn people not to visit death valley because it is quite dangerous therecintroduce to us readers a special national park in america, death valleydraise money for the protection of death valley because it is in danger now(三)michele, a filmmaker, dives into an eerie (怪诞的) world. the usually colorful corals are a ghostly white. most of the fish, crabs, and other animals have disappeared. the reef is sick and dying.coral reefs are often called “the rainforests of the sea” because of their abundance of life forms. a great diversity of animals find food and shelter in every crack and crevice.todays reefs are about 10,000 years old. found in sunny, shallow water in warm seas all over the world, reefs are made up of the hard shells of millions of corals. as corals live and die, they create a giant, rocky honeycomb. only a thin top layer is living coral.a reef grows only about as fast as your fingernailsthreequarters of an inch a year. but coral reefs are huge, and in time a healthy reef can be thousands of miles long.millions of people around the world rely on reef fish and other animals for food. and reefs provide protection from storms at sea. without thousands of miles of reefs surrounding coastal areas, many beaches and even whole islands could be destroyed by the pounding of powerful ocean waves.“lets say a grazing animal like the parrot fish is overfished，” michele explains. “without them, the kind of algae (海藻) that the fish feed on could grow like weeds and take over the reef. the competition for space and sunlight could then starve the coral.”nearly 27 percent of the worlds coral reefs have been lost or damaged. but there is hope. many reefs around the worldincluding the great barrier reef in australia and the reefs off the florida keys in the united statesare now protected areas where scientists study how to keep reefs healthy. they determine how many and which kinds of fish can be taken for food without hurting the reefs delicate balance.there is hope, too, that people will learn to be good partners to the reefs. “we want our film to inspire people to help coral reefs，” says michele. “for me, even though i may not go back to the south pacific, just knowing the reefs are there and thriving brings a sense of contentment (满足) to my spirit.”1what is the main purpose of the author in writing the passage?ato describe what coral reefs are.bto tell people to protect coral reefs.cto introduce a film to people.dto ask people to visit coral reefs.2from the passage we can infer that _.acoral reefs grow very fastbthere are few huge coral reefsccoral reefs appear mostly in deep waterdit takes a long time to make a coral reef3by mentioning the parrot fish, michele wants to tell us _.acoral reefs need sunlight to survivebthe biggest enemies of reefs are weedscthe parrot fish feed on a kind of algaedit is easy to destroy coral reefs4what is the authors attitude towards the protection of reefs?aoptimistic.bdisappointed.cuncertain. dpessimistic (悲观的)专题限时训练(三十四)(一)【解题导语】联合国周日公布的一份报告显示，如果气候变化和极端天气对其栖息地的影响无法解决，包括卢旺达大猩猩和孟加拉虎在内的多种动物都将面临灭绝。1d细节理解题。根据第二段中shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and overuse of land have damaged the habitats of certain species以及many ecosystems have already been affected by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, shortlasting management practices and even invasive species可知，本段主要讲述了破坏生态系统的几种因素。2c细节理解题。根据第三段中which limit the possibilities for animals to move elsewhere and create new habitats可知，这些地区限制了动物迁徙到其他地区和创造新的栖息地的可能性，故c项正确。 3b事实细节题。文章第五段中the report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems是a项的描述；called for the creation of movement channels for animals为c项的描述；more action at the government and policy level was needed. it also urges local communities to develo