广东省东莞市南开实验学校高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题（21）.doc

广东省东莞市南开实验学校2014高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题（21）阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。aimagine living in a city made of glass. no, this isnt a fairy tale. if you could grab your diving gear and swim down 650 feet into the pacific ocean off the coast of washington state, you would witness the secret world of glass reefs.the reef youd be looking at is made up of glass sponges(海绵). but how can animals be made of glass? well, glass is formed from a substance called silica. the sponges use the silica found in ocean waters to build glass structures that will give them shape and support. be careful! some of the fragile creatures are up to 200 years old.when sponges die, new ones grow on top of the pile of old ones. over centuries, a massive and complex reef takes shape. some sponges look like wrinkled trumpets, while others look like overgrown cauliflower or mushrooms.dr. paul johnson, who discovered the washington reef in 2007, also found other surprises such as bubbles of methane(甲烷) gas flowing out of the seafloor nearby. the methane feeds bacteria, and the bacteria feed the glass sponges.“its a new ecosystem we know nothing about,” said dr. johnson.the reef of yellow and orange glass sponges is crowded with crabs, shrimp, starfish, worms, snails, and rockfish. the glass reef is also a nursery for the babies of many of these creatures and was called a “kindergarten” by scientists.many animals that live in the reef hang around for a long time, just like the sponges. rockfish, for example, live for more than 100 years. scientists are just beginning to study all the species that call the reef home. the washington coast isnt the only place where a living glass reef has been found. the first was discovered in hecate strait off the coast of british columbia in 1991. scientists all over the world were stunned to see it. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了科学家们在海底世界发现的奇观。在海底的礁石中生长着各类生物，他们形成了一个新的生态系统。26. which of the following is the best title for the passage?a. man-made cities under the sea b. the world under the seac. glass “cities” under the sea d. creatures under the sea【答案】c【 解析】结合本文大意，主要给我们讲述了海底的玻璃城。故选c。27. it can be learned that the glass reef _.a. is made up of a kind of materials called spongesb. is a work of art made by some american scientists c. is a new ecosystem people are not familiar withd. was first discovered off the coast of washington state 【答案】c【 解析】根据文章第五段“its a new ecosystem we know nothing about,” said dr. johnson.可知答案为c。28. which of the following is true according to the passage?a. the sponges must feel soft. b. silica comes from animals body fluid.c. methane is harmful to glass sponges. d. glass sponges depend on the bacteria for a living. 【答案】d【 解析】根据文章中the methane feeds bacteria, and the bacteria feed the glass sponges可知答案为d。29. why did scientists call the glass reef a “kindergarten”?a. because the babies of many sea creatures grow well there.b. because thousands of children visit it every year.c. because it is crowded with snails and rockfish, etc.d. because all the species call the reef home.【答案】a【 解析】根据文章中the glass reef is also a nursery for the babies of many of these creatures and was called a “kindergarten” by scientists.可知答案为a。30. what does the underlined word “stunned” in the last paragraph mean?a. greatly surprised. b. extremely scared. c. highly satisfied. d. very pleased. 【答案】a【 解析】结合文意可知当科学家们发现了这些有生命力的礁石的时候会是多么的惊奇。较难题目特训：介绍说明类-29how is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? one answer is that in fact each sibling grows upin a different family. the firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. the next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. the mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. one sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. but more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each otherslives. dr. annette henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. the reason for this might be that the later children arent getting the same one- on- one time with parents. but that doesnt mean that the younger children have problems with language development. later- borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “i” and “me”.a cambridge university study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. love- hate relationships were common among the children. even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.one way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being morefeminine than girls with sisters. a 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.1. the underlined part “in a different family” (in para. 1) means _.a. in a different family environmentb. in a different family traditionc. in different family crisesd. in different families2. in terms of language development, later- borns_ .a. get their parentsindividual guidanceb. learn a lot from their elder siblingsc. experience a lot of difficultiesd. pick up words more quickly3. what was found about fights among siblings?a. siblings hated fighting and loved playing.b. siblings in some families fought frequently.c. sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.d. siblings learned to get on together from fights.4. the word“feminine” (in para. 4) means _.a. having qualities of parentsb. having qualities of womenc. having defensive qualitiesd. having extraordinary qualities【参考答案】29.abdb较难题目特训：介绍说明类-30in a recent announcement, harvard and the massachusetts institute of technology(mit) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide. beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edx. “anyone with an internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses, ” harvard president drew faust said during a meeting to announce the plan. mit has offered a program called opencourseware for ten years that makes materials from more than 2, 000 classes free online. it has been used by more than 100 million people. in december, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as mitx, for people who complete certain online courses. harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program. the mitx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform. mit president susan hockfield said more than 120, 000 people signed up for the first mitx course. she said harvard and mit hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open- source edx platform. “fasten your seatbelts, ” hockfield said. other universities, including stanford, yale and carnegie- mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online. the harvard- mit program will be monitored by a not- for- profit (非盈利的) organization based in cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. both mit and harvard have provided $30 million to start the program. they also plan to use the edx platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful. 1. according to this text, edx is.a. a part of the free mit opencoursewareb. a free computer program by mit and harvardc. a harvard- mit platform of free online coursesd. a free program online for universities worldwide2. what is said about online education in the text? a. universities have been trying online courses. b. about 2, 000 online courses have been offered. c. over 100 million people have finished courses online. d. stanford and yale together have courses similar to edx. 3. the underlined part in the text probably means “”.a. get ready for the difficultiesb. get ready for this educational changec. get prepared to complete the online coursesd. get prepared to make materials for the edx courses4. what can be said about mitx according to the text? a. it is first offered as part of the edx learning program. b. it is another free mit- harvard online learning program. c. it is a standard to recognize online learnersachievement. d. it is a new kind of free online course of harvard and mit. 【参考答案】30.cabc 阅读理解-one day, jack threw some papers on my desk. “whats wrong?” i asked. “next time you want to change anything, ask me first,” he said, and left. i had made just one small change. but its not that i hadnt been warned. my colleagues had said he was responsible for the resignations of the two previous secretaries. as the weeks went by, i came to look down on jack.after another of his episodes had left me in tears i stormed into his office. “what?” he said suddenly. “jack, the way youve been treating me is wrong. ive never had anyone speak to me that way. as a professional, its wrong for me to allow it to continue,” i said. jack smiled nervously, “susan, i make you a promise that i will be a friend. i will treat you as you deserve to be treated, with respect and kindness.” jack avoided me the rest of the week, and never questioned my work again. i brought cookies to the office one day and left some on his desk. another day i left a note: ”hope your day is going great. ” over the next few weeks, there were no more jack episodes. one year later i discovered i had breast cancer, and was scared. the statistics were not great for my long-term survival.one day, however, jack visited me in the hospital and silently handed me a bundle with several bulbs inside. “tulips(郁金香),” he said. i smiled, not understanding. “if you plant them when you get home, theyll come up next spring. i think you will be there to see them when they come up. next spring you will see the colours i picked out for you.” tears clouded my eyes and he left. i have seen those red and white striped（有条纹的） tulips push through the soil every spring for over ten years now. this past september the doctor declared me cured. at a moment when i was praying for just the right word, a man with very few words said all the right things. af