山西省阳城县高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习（8）.doc

山西省阳城县2015高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习（8）及答案【2015高考复习】阅读理解in an ideal world，people would not test medicines on animals.such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals，and expensive and timeconsuming for people.yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge.that is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.europe，on the whole，has the worlds most restrictive laws on animal experiments.even so，its scientists use some 12 million animals a year，most of them mice and rats，for medical research.official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in america each year.but that is misleading.the american authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and，as these are the most common laboratory animals，the true figure is much higher.japan and china have even less comprehensive data than america.now europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs.alternatives to animal testing，such as using human tissue or computer models，are now strongly recommended.in addition，sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use.at present，scientists often share only the results of successful experiments.if their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested，the work never sees the light of day.this practice means wasting time，money，and animals lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives.it needs to continue，even if that means animals sometimes suffer.europes new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted.【语篇解读】用动物进行试验被人们的舆论推向了风口浪尖，然而，受诸多因素的影响，终止动物试验的道路依然任重而道远。尽管欧洲有严格的法律限制，但是仍然需要另找突破口。1what is the main idea of this passage?athe success of animal experiments should be ensured.ba ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced.cgreater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals.dscientists should be required to share their research results with each other.解析主旨大意题。文章第一段指出用动物进行试验难以杜绝的原因，第二段提到欧洲对动物试验的法律限制的效果并不理想，第三段讲了欧洲为限制动物试验所作的努力，最后一段提到欧洲的新措施应该既要减少用于试验的动物的数量，又要改善科学研究的方法，所以c项最能概括文章大意。答案c2which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab?aamerica uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year.beurope does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all.cbritain does not use as many lab animals as china does.djapan has limited data on the number of lab animals used each year.解析正误判断题。第二段的最后一句提到日本和中国与美国的数据相比甚至更不全面，由此可推知日本对每年用于实验室动物的数据记录有限。 答案d3which of the following is mentionad as an alternative to replace animal experiments?astatistical studies.bcomputer models.cdna planted in animals.dtissue from dead animals.解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的内容可知可用“人体组织”和“电脑模型”来取代动物试验。答案b4what usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments?athey are not revealed to the public.bthey are made into teaching materials.cthey are collected for future publication.dthey are not removed from the research topic list.解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的倒数第二、第三句可知，科学家们只分享成功的试验，如果结果与假设不符，所做的工作将永不公开。由此可推断不成功的试验不会展示给公众。答案a【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】an early invention by albert einstein has been rebuilt by scientists at oxford university. they are trying to develop an environmentally friendly refrigerator that runs without electricity.we all know that modern fridges cause damage to the environment. they work by using a kind of man-made greenhouse gas called freon (氟里昂), which is far more damaging than carbon dioxide.now malcolm mcculloch, an electrical engineer at oxford, is leading a three-year project to develop appliances that can be used in places without electricity.his team has completed a prototype (样机) of a fridge patented in 1930 by einstein. it used only pressurized gases to keep things cold. the design was partly used in the first refrigerators, but the technology was dropped when more efficient compressors (压缩机) became popular in the 1950s. that meant a switch to using freon.einsteins idea uses butane (丁烷) and water and takes advantage of the fact that liquids boil at lower temperatures, when the air pressure around them is lower.if you go to the top of mount qomolangma, water boils at a much lower temperature than it does when youre at sea level and thats because the pressure is much lower up there, said mcculloch.at one side is the evaporator (蒸发器), a bottle that contains liquid butane. if you introduce a new vapor above the butane, the liquid boiling temperature decreases and, as it boils off, it takes energy from the surroundings to do so, says mcculloch. thats what makes it cold.the gas fridges based on einsteins design were replaced by freon-compressor fridges partly because einsteins design was not very efficient. but mcculloch thinks that by changing the design and replacing the types of gases used it will be possible to quadruple (翻两番) the efficiency.however, mccullochs fridge is still in its early stages. its very much a prototype, he said. give us another month and well have it working.72according to the passage, an early invention by albert einstein _.ahas been rediscovered because it costs much less and works more efficientlybis being redesigned because it could be used in places without electricitychas just been found to be energy-saving and environmentally friendlydwill be fully made use of and become the fridge of the future73which of the following is true according to the text?afreon was used in fridges long before the 1950s.bfreon is what makes current fridges big polluters.cmcculloch thinks he could improve einsteins design by using other types of vapors.dthe fridge malcolm mcculloch and his team designed will be put into production soon.74we can learn from the text that the prototype completed _.achanged the air pressure around itbwas tested on the top of mount everestcincreased the liquid boiling temperaturedused only pressurized gases to keep things cold75mccullochs words in paragraph 6 _.aserve as an explanation for the principle behind einsteins fridgebgive you the reason why einsteins fridge was not efficientctell you how to take advantage of low air pressuredshow you how einsteins fridge works7275、bbda（三） 2013安徽省级示范高中名校联考switzerland is the best place to be born in the world in 2013，and the us is just 16th. a new study made by the economist intelligence unit says american babies will have a dimmer future than those born in hong kong，ireland and even canada. the eiu，a sister company of the economist，tried to measure how well countries will provide the best opportunities for a healthy，safe and prosperous life in years to come.people born in switzerland will tend to be the happiest and have the best quality of life judged in terms of wealth，health and trust in public institutions，according to the analysis. the scandinavian countries of norway，sweden and denmark also all make the top five in a qualityoflife index(指数)highlighting where it is best to be born next year.one of the most important factors is being rich，but other factors come into playincluding crime，trust in public institutions and the health of family life. in total，the index takes into account 11 factors. these include fixed factors such as geography，others that change slowly over time such as demography (人口统计学)，social and cultural characteristics, and the state of the world economy. the index also looks at income per head in 2030，which is roughly when children born in 2013 will reach adulthood. small economies take up the top 10 countries，with australia coming second and new zealand and the netherlands not too far behind.half of the top 10 countries are european，but only one，the netherlands，is from the eurozone. the crisisridden south of europe，including greece，portugal and spain，falls behind despite the advantage of a favourable climate. interestingly，the largest european economiesgermany，france and britaindo not do particularly well. nigeria has the unenviable(不值得羡慕的)title of being the worst country for a baby to enter the world in 2013.11according to the passage，the happiest people live in_adenmark bswitzerlandcgermany dnigeria12the factors of telling the best place to be born dont include_aeconomy bgeographyctrust in public institutions dpollution13which of the following is true according to the text?athe economist intelligence unit is a company.bthe economist attempted to measure the best place to live.cthe scandinavian countries are hardly at the top of the list.dhalf of the top 10 countries are from the eurozone.14the purpose of the text is to show people_.athe best place to be born in 2013ba new study made by the eiucthe worst country to be born in 2013dthe factors of measuring the best place to be born【语篇导读】 本文主要通过经济学人智库对国家的幸福指数的研究得出在瑞士出生的人是最幸福的，生活质量也最高，而挪威、瑞典和丹麦这几个斯堪的纳维亚国家也跻身前五名。11. b细节理解题。 根据文章第一段“switzerland is the best place to be born in the world in 2013”和第二段“people born in switzerland will tend to be the happiest and have the best quality of life”可知，一般来说，在瑞士出生的人是最幸福的，其生活质量也最高。故答案为b项。12. d细节理解题。根据文章第二段中对于判断最佳居住地的因素介绍可知，没有提到“污染”的问题。故答案为d项。13. a推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“the eiu, a sister company of the economist”可知经济学人智库是一家公司。故a项正确。14. b主旨大意题。本文的目的是展示经济学人智库的研究结果，而其他三个选项只是其中的一个部分，不能作为文章的目的。故答案为b项。阅读理解-e when we talk about stars ,especially women stars ,it seems that they are always young, pretty and own charming body shapes. but recently a britains got talent（英国达人）star susan boyle has changed our views absolutely. simon cowell ,one of the judges of the talent show spoke of his shock over ms boyles voice. this lady camp up ,and im thinking, this will take five seconds and i can go to have a cup of tea. that changed when she began to sing i dreamed to dream from les miserables. she knew we were going to have that reaction and just to see that look of satisfaction on her face through -it was one of my favorite moments, cowell said. the performance was posted on line and before long, the 47-year-old scottish woman has been famous all over the world. speaking from her home in scotland, ms boyle said that she hasnt thought of changing her appearance. she said that her friend helped her with make-up. i mean, thats hardly a makeover, she added.ms boyle also spoke of the reason she first began to explore her vocal talents, i was kind of slow at school, so getting like singing was a good way of hiding behind that and thus it built my confidence.72.susan boyle is _ a. a judge b. a reporter c. a beautiful d. a scottish woman73.susan boyle had a look of satisfaction on her face when she was singing because_. a. she was confident of her singing b. she was satisfied with the judges c. she was pretty and in good shape d. she sang the song i dreamed a dream from les miserables74.according to the passage, which is not true? a. it was the vocal talents that built susans confidence b. susan boyle was not good at her lesson when at school. c. susan boyle became famous because of her appearance. d. simon cowell didnt think susan boyle a good singer at the first sight.75.what can we learn from susan boyles success a. its never too old to learn. b. its easier to succeed at the age of 47. c. if you have a dream, try to make it come true! d. if you are not able to study well, to be a singer instead.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲诉了英国达人”苏珊波伊尔不是以貌红遍全球，而是以她美妙的歌声出名的。72.【答案】d【解析】根据第三段the performance was posted on line and before long, the 47-year-old scottish woman has been famous all over the world可知答案为d。【考点定位】考查细节理解能力。【2015高考复习】阅读理解what happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball？that question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players，and some anxiety among those of us with soccerplaying children.for the study，researchers at the albert einstein college of medicine in new york selected 34 adults，men and women.all of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed yearround in adult soccer leagues.each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year，as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned，using a complicated new mri technique which can find structural changes in the brain that cant be seen during most scans.according to the data they presented at a radiological society of north america meeting last month，the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory，attention and the processing of visual information，compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.this pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) b