动词的语态部分.doc

动 词 的 语 态一、考试大观【目标与要求】1 能辨别主动语态与被动语态2 熟记各种时态的被动语态谓语动词构成3 在上下文和语境中熟练运用各种时态的被动语态【复习提要】 判断主动语态还是被动语态主要看主语和谓语之间的关系。 主动语态：主语是谓语动词的发出者，执行者。 如：我们每天在课堂上讲英语 We speak English in English class every day(speak 是we 发出的动作或执行的) 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。中文常用“被，受，遭受”这样的词表示被动。而英语则用“be + 过去分词”来表示被动语态,be 有各种时态和人称的变化。 被动语态谓语动词构成如下表（以do 动词为例）：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时态do/does is(am, are) + done一般过去时态didwas(were)+ done现在将来时态will(shall) + dowill(shall)+be done过去将来时would(should)+dowould(should)+be done现在进行时态is(am, are) + doingis(am, are)+ being done过去进行时was(were)+doingwas(were)+being done现在完成时has (have)+donehas(have)+been done过去完成时had donehad been done 用法： 一般句子如何变被动 如：They built the bridge in 1998. 第一步：找出动词的宾语，放到句首作主语（如果是人称代词，需把宾格变为主格） The bridge . 第二步：把谓语动词变为被动式，注意时态，主语单数还是复数。 The bridge was built. 第三步：把主动句的主语放在介词by 后做宾语。 The bridge was built by them. 第四步：其他句子成分原封不动写在句后。 The bridge was built by them in 1998. 再看一句：She is watering some flowers over there. Some flowers -Some flowers are being watered -Some flowers are being watered by her -Some flowers are being watered by her over there. 说明：有时“by + 宾语” 可以省略。“主语+ 动词+间接宾语+ 直接宾语”如何变被动？ 例如：My father will give me a present on my birthday.有两种变化： 把间接宾语提前作主语，直接宾语不动。 I will be given a present by my father on my birthday. 把直接宾语提前作主语，间接宾语前需加介词to或for A present will be given to me by my father on my birthday. “主语+ 动词+宾语+ 宾语补足语”如何变被动：变宾语为主语，宾语补足语不动。 He found a wallet lying on the road on the way home-A wallet was found lying on the road by him on the way home.注意：如果是“主语+ 动词+宾语+ do sth.（是省略to的动词原形）”,谓语动词变被动后，省略的to应还原。 例如：The teacher makes the students do much homework every day. - The students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day. 短语动词的被动语态 把及物的短语动词看作整体，变为被动语态。切记不要丢掉介词或副词。 例如：Nurses must take good care of patients.-Patients must be taken good care of by nurses. The students put away their books for a break.-Their books were put away by the students for a break. 不用被动的情况 不及物动词不用被动语态 系动词没有被动语态 主动句中宾语是反身代词时不用被动语态 there be句型没有被动语态二、例题解析1. The radio says a wild animal zoo is to_in our city.A.be building B.build C.be built D.built （杭州中考题）此题考察学生对被动语态在不定式to 后动词的构成的掌握情况。答案是C2Thousands of trees _in our city every spring, so our city is becoming more and more beautiful. A.plant B. planted C.are planting D.are planted(湖州中考题)此题被动语态的一般现在时态的用法。答案是D。三、标准练习基础题把下列各句变成被动语态1. Does Lucy often ask these kinds of questions in class?_2. You must keep the medicine in cool, clean and dry places. _3. They have built many new houses for the teachers. _4. The worried parents found their son this morning._5. The novelist is writing a long novel(小说) these years._6. They wont dig the swimming pool near the house unless the owner agrees._重高题1.-Whats happened to Joe? -_to hospital.A.Hes taken B.Hell be taken C.Hell take D.Hes been taken2.Articles(物品) used by patients must be disinfected(消毒) before _ others. A.using B.being used by C.used by D.being using 3. Do you like the material? -Yes, it _ very soft.A.is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt4. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built5. He went to the party without _. A.invited B.inviting C.having invited D.being invited 6. _ the sports meet might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told7. -_ the letter _ to Mr. Black?-No, its still on the desk.A. Has, given B. Will, be given C.Was, given D. Has, been given8. Have you moved into the new house? Not yet.The rooms _ . A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting A.hoped B.wanted C.expected D.wished9. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided10. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing11.The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _ . A.has broken into; has been stolen B.had broken into; had been stolen C.has been broken into; stolen D.had been broken into; stolen12.My dictionary _.I have looked for it everywhere,but still _ it.A.has lost; dont find B.is missing; dont findC.has lost; havent found D.is missing; havent found13. -Have all the students known that we will have a class meeting? -Yes. Every student _about it. A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told14. Lucy _in her grannys home while her parents were away on business. A. took good care of B. was taken good care of C. is took good care of D.be take care of 15. Prices of daily goods through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying16. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing17 How are the team playing? Theyre playing well, but one of them hurt.A. got B. gets C. are D. were18In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours in my study.Alocking Blocked Cto lock Dbeing locked19. In this museum you can find most of the exhibits _in this area three years ago.A. are discovered B.discovering C.discovered D.to discover20. Will the plan _in the meeting this afternoon? A.be talking about B. be talked C. talked D. be talked aboutKeys:基础部分：1. Are these kinds of questions often asked in class?2. The medicine must be kept in cool, clean and dry places