相对耐磨性材料的有效热处理.doc

相对耐磨性材料的有效热处理国内有许多单位正在进行再制造领域的研究。全军装备维修表面工程研究中心、西安交通大学等单位使用表面工程技术进行设备零部件的再制造研究和应用；装甲兵工程学院、空军第一研究所、空军工程大学和海军工程大学对装甲车辆、军用飞机，舰艇的延寿作了大量的试验和研究工作。20世纪90年代初以来，国内的一些部门对修复热处理已经作了尝试工作，机械工业节约材料的重点是钢材等金属材料，同时也要注意节约其它原材料。从技术经济角度来看，机械工业节材必须考虑以下四个方面：降低产品的材料消耗；减少制造过程中的材料消耗量；提高产品质量；延长产品规定的服役期间。Have many units are engaged in research in the field of remanufacturing. Army equipment repair surface engineering research center, xi an jiaotong university and other units to use equipment parts remanufacturing surface engineering technology research and application; Armored force engineering institute, air force, the first research institute, air force engineering university and the university of naval engineering in armored vehicles, military aircraft and ships of prolong life made a lot of experiments and research work. Since the early 1990 s, some of the domestic department of restoration heat treatment has been trying to work, the mechanical industry is the focus of the metal materials such as steel saving material, at the same time also pay attention to saving the other raw materials. From technical and economic Angle, machinery industrial materials in the following four aspects must be considered: reduce the material consumption of the products; Reduce manufacturing process of the material consumption; Improve the quality of products; Prolong the service period of the product. （一）采用先进技术，提高利用率(a) the use of advanced technology, improve the utilization rate 采用先进制造技术，提高铸件精度，推广精密性成形技术，在金属件生产中扩大中精锻件比例，使模锻、精锻件比例提高到60%以上；继续推行集中下料、科学套材、改进下料工艺和装备，推广各种精密，自动、数控编排的切割技术，采用带锯床、中温剪切等下料新设备；大力采用先进焊接技术，减少焊条用量；采用先进的热处理技术，提高零部件寿命；推广可控气氛，少、无氧化热处理工艺和锻造用保护气氛加热工艺和装备，减少金属氧化损失；采用材料表面处理技术，提高材料表面性能，实现节材低耗；对于关键基础体（轴承、齿轮、弹簧、液压气动元件、模具等），扩大采用精炼钢和脱氧钢，以及行之有效的热处理和表面热处理新技术，显著延长其使用寿命。USES the advanced manufacturing technology, to improve casting accuracy, precision forming technology, expand in metal parts production in precision forging ratio, make the die forging, precision forging ratio increased to 60% above; Continue to implement centralized blanking, scientific set of materials, improvement of blanking technology and equipment, to promote all kinds of precision, automatic choreographed, nc cutting technology, adopts the band sawing machine, medium temperature shearing blanking new equipment; The use of advanced welding technology, reducing electrode consumption; Using advanced heat treatment technology, and improve the component life; Promotion of controlled atmosphere, less, no oxidation heat treatment and forging protective atmosphere heating technology and equipment, reducing the loss of metal oxide; USES the material surface treatment technology, improve the materials surface properties, realize saving material low consumption; For key base body (bearings, gears, springs, hydraulic pneumatic components, moulds, etc.), expand adopts refined steel and killed steel, as well as the effective heat treatment and surface heat treatment technology, significantly prolong the service life. （二）采用先进的防腐蚀技术，提高设备的使用寿命(2) the use of advanced anti-corrosion technology, improve the service life of equipment 在国民经济中不论哪个部门都毫无例外的存在着腐蚀问题。腐蚀给人们造成的危害也是很大的，它一方面造成设备、零件等材料的直接损失，另一方面还造成影响正常生产，恶化操作环境，影响产品质量，新工艺不能上马，乳化液泵站设计上的保守，以及发生人身安全事故等一系列重大的损失。目前一些单位已经开始汽车、计算机、空调、电冰箱、摩托车等产品零部件再制造的研究工作。再制造工程技术不仅能恢复原产品的技术性能，还能及时引进新技术、新工艺和新材料，改进提高产品的技术性能和可靠性，从而延长了产品的使用寿命。再制造产品的费用仅为新品价格40%60%，达到了废物利用，变废为宝的目的，为降低材料消耗，节约原材料开辟了一条新的途径。据有关资料介绍，估计全世界每年腐蚀损失100亿英磅（折合人民币约590.8亿元）。全世界每年金属的腐蚀损失约为全年总产量的20%，大力推广再制造工程的研究及应用。No matter which department in the national economy without exception exists corrosion problems. Corrosion of the damage to people is very big, it causes damage to the equipment, parts of material, such as directly on the one hand, on the other hand also affect the normal production, the deteriorating operating environment, affect the quality of our products and new process can not mount a horse, in the design of the conservative, and the personal safety accident and a series of big loss. Now some units have begun to automobiles, computers, air conditioners, refrigerators, motorbikes and other parts remanufacturing in the research work. Remanufacturing engineering technology can not only restore the original technical performance, and timely introduction of new technology, new technology and new materials, improve the technical performance and reliability of the product, so as to prolong the service life of the product. Remanufacturing product the cost of new product prices only 40% 60%, reached the recycling, the purpose of waste, to reduce material consumption, save raw materials has opened up a new way. According to relevant data, estimated corrosion damage worldwide each year, 10 billion pounds (about 59.08 billion yuan). Metal corrosion damage worldwide each year, about 20% of the total annual output, promoting research and application of remanufacturing engineering. 再制造工程是正在发展中的一个新兴研究领域和新兴产业，在国外也仅有十几年的历史，如对长期服役过的发电设备上的某些重要零件进行修复热处理。应用等离子喷涂技术土工布厂家对重载坦克车辆零件进行再制造修复和强化，实车考核证明用再制造技术修复和强化的零部件比新品的相对耐磨性提高1.98.3倍，寿命提高23倍。对首钢从比利时购进的二手连铸设备中的三百多件大型轴承座和轧辊，经再制造修复后，已使用数年。Remanufacturing engineering is an emerging research field in developing and emerging industries, in a foreign country, only more than 10 years of history, such as the power generation equipment served for a long time on the important parts to repair some of the heat treatment. Application of plasma spraying technology for remanufacturing of overloading vehicles tank parts repair and reinforcement, repair and real vehicle test proved that using remanufa