名词性从句分为主语从句.doc

n 定义 n 名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。所谓名词性从句是用从句替代名词或代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。nn 1. What与 that 在名词性从句中的区别: n what 在名词性从句中是代词, 而that 在名词性从句中是连词; what 起主语、宾语、表语的作用，而 that 却不可以。( that 在定语从句中可起主语、宾语、表语作用。) What he said was true. All that he said was true. That Edison invented the bulb is of great value to us all.What Edison invented led us to brightness.n 2. Whether / if n Whether引导的名词性从句可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语；而 if 只在某些宾语从句中可与 whether互换。 在宾语从句中如遇下列情况只能用whether，而不用 if：n 在discuss,decide等动词后n 在介词后n 在不定式前n We discuss whether we should close the shop.n We havent settled the question of whether I should go to Oxford.n She doesnt know whether to get married to Frank or not.n 3. S. + doubt + whether S. + doesnt doubt + that. n 说明：doubt = be not sure/certain(of)n not doubt = be sure/certain of n I doubt whether itll clear up.n I dont doubt that he will succeed.n I doubt whether itll clear up.n I dont doubt that he will succeed.n 4. 在wonder肯定式后加 wh-words引导的从句，而在 no wonder后接 that从句，其理由与 doubt相同。n I wonder when we shall get there.n Theres no wonder that he has something to don with the robbery.n 5. 在as if, as though引导的表语从句中，在必要的情况下应用虚拟语气。 Should常可以省略。n He looks as if he were tired.n She speaks English very well as if she came from England.(were a native of England.)n I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.n We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing.n From time to time Tim turned round as if (he were) searching for someone.n The fellow started, as if (he were) awakened from some dream.nn 6. order, demand, require, request, advise, be anxious that + (should) do n Please advise me whether I (should) accept the offer.n I order that he (should) go at once.n They are especially anxious that you should come.n He requires that they should work all night.n It is requested that a vote (should) be taken.n 7. 在order, suggestion等名词后的同位语/表语从句中用虚拟语气, (should)常可以被省略。n Presently he made the suggestion that they carry on the conversation in French.n His suggestion was that they carry on the conversation in French.n The officer gave an order that his men should reach the top of the hill at dawnn 8. 在suggest, insist, ask后会出现两种语气。n He suggested that I (should) turn to my boss. n The expression on his face suggested that he was angry. n The old man insisted that he was still young and could continue working.n The police insisted that we should offer proof.n I asked what his telephone number was.n The workers asked that their working conditions (should) be improved.n I. 主语从句：n 1. It + be + adj. +thatn * It is strange/n necessary/important + that should *n 2. It + be + N. + that n 3. It + be + p.p. + that n 4. It + seemsn (seemed)/ happensn (happened) + that nn It is very clear that they wont come to the meeting.n * It is strange that you should say so.n It is a good thing that Xiao Wang is not late for school today.n It is said that paper was first made in China.n It seemed that he was frightened.n It seems that he is older.nn II. 表语从句：n 表语从句在句中作表语位于主句系动词之后。n *That is how he did it. n *That is because he did not come to the party last night.n *That is why the Chinese people are making great efforts to protect their farmland and increase agricultural production.n *He looks as if he were angry.n III. 同位语从句:n 同位语从句跟在名词后,进一步说明该名词的具体内容. 可带同位语从句的名词主要是一些可加进具体内容的表示信息, 思想等概念的名词, 如: fact, news, idea, promise, truth, order, suggestion, 等.nn The news that foreign friends were coming to visit our school soon spread over the school.n I made a promise that if anyone set me free, I would made him very rich.n His suggestion that we should leave the poor child in the orphaning house made us greatly surprised. nn 同位语从句与前n 面的名词是等同关系.n 连接词多用that, that n 在句中不作句子成分.nnn 同位语从句与定语从句的区别:n 同位从句是用来对前面的名词的说明; 也可以说是该名词的内容.nn The order that their team had to wipe out the enemy before dawn was given by the general.nn 定语从句是用来修饰前面的名词; 即起修饰作用.nn The order that the general gave was that their team had to wipe out the enemy before dawn.nnnn VI. 宾语从句:1. 宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语.注: 1) 主句的谓语是make, find, see, hear 等, 且带有复合宾语时,可把宾语从句置于宾补之后, 用 it 作形式宾语. 2) 某些形容词如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后可带宾语从句. 3) whether 或 if 可引导宾语从句,有时两者可换用,有时则不可换用. Whether or not n We can learn what we did not know.n He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.n We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day.n I am sure that you will succeed.n I dont know whether / if you can help me.n He asked whether I was busy or notn We can learn what we did not know.n He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.n We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day.n I am sure that you will succeed.n I dont know whether / if you can help me.n He asked whether I was busy or notn * 动词+间接宾语+that n He explained to me that he didnt mean any harm to us.n She reminded me that the bus would be at 11:00.n He admitted to us that he had done it without the teachers permission.n The teacher announced to us that the meetingn *动词+ it + adj./惯用搭配 + that (that 不可省略)n He took it for granted that they were not coming.n Ill see to it that everything is ready in time.n 插入语(Parenthesis)n n 插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的解释, 最常见的是下面句子中包含的这一类:n A. That will be a good beginning, I hope.n Well have to book our tickets in advance, Im afraid.n Their performance was wonderful, dont you think?n This is all we have left, you see.n They can make the most advanced instruments now, you know.n B. The cross-talk (相声), I think, is both interesting and instructive.n The trees in that area, it is said, are mostly over thirty feet tall.n This, I suppose, will give you some idea of our stand (立场) on the question.n The first part, it seems, is better written than the other parts. n That dictionary, you know, is meant chiefly for Chinese students.n 在这种句子中如果我们把插入语移到句子前部去,它就会成为主要成分,而原来句子的主要部分会变成一个从句.n I think that the cross-talk is both interesting and instructive.n It is said that the trees in that area are mostly over thirty feet tall.n It seems that the first part is better written than the other parts.n I suppose that this will give you some idea of our stand on the question.n 在这种句子中如果我们把插入语移到句子前部去,它就会成为主要成分,而原来句子的主要部分会变成一个从句.n I think that the cross-talk is both interesting and instructive.n It is said that the trees in that area are mostly over thirty feet tall.n It seems that the first part is better written than the other parts.n I suppose that this will give you some idea of our stand on the questionn 常见的用来作这类补加成分的结构有: I think, I hope, I guess, Im afraid, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, you see, you know, dont you think, dont you know, I tell you, it seems, it seems to me, it is said, it is suggested 等. 这些结构可以放在句子末尾(A), 也可以插在句子中间(B). 在问句中有时也可以有这种插入语.n 你看我们在晚会上应表演什么节目?n What performance do you think we should give at the