外文翻译--汽车前照灯自适应发展综述

附 录 附录 A: 英文文献与中文参考译文 Automobile lamps adaptive development and reviewed in this paper With the development of the society and the continuous improvement of peoples living standard, people on the requirements of the car has not only confined to performance, cost, but more and more requirements modern car safer, more environmental protection and more human. Car manufacturers are using more security, more environmental protection, design is more elegant and more province oil advantages to attract users. And at the same time, the new car should also must comply with the latest regulation, this has led to a new technology to get the application. As the big three auto safety thing, automobile lighting systems is one of the main active safety device, to the traditional automobile lighting system improvement and innovation also has become a hot spot in the study of the world automobile manufacturers. Therefore, how to make automotive lighting, driving more intelligent safety, more comfortable will become a very urgent and has the important practical significance of the subject. The traditional automobile lighting system mainly by the headlamps system, lighting system, signal car lighting system composed of three. With the progress of science and technology, traditional lighting system also experienced rapid progress, the corresponding traffic regulations also more and more perfect, headlamps system has gone through a kerosene lamp from the original to incandescent lamp, halogen lamp to now discharge lamp of the development process, the signal from the first portable lighting system development now widely applied to a kerosene lamp LED lights, the car lighting system is more and more kinds, more and more humane. But the actual use of traditional headlamps system, there are many problems. For example, the existing in the light of the close on lighting effect is very bad, especially in the urban traffic is more complex, often have a lot of drivers in the evening nearly light, and front fog lamps entirely open headlights； Vehicles in turning the corner, there are also lighting dark areas, the serious influence the driver on the corners on the judgment of the obstacles； Vehicles driving on a rainy day, the ground water reflected the headlights, produce light reflected glare, and so on. According to statistics, about 50% of the night accident happened without lighting facilities of the dark road, road lighting the poor, the greater the likelihood of accident. The night accounted for 33.1% of the total number of accidents accident (although driving at night accounts for only 1/5 of the rate during the day). The death toll is about 50%, compared to 12.4% during the day, the death rate from the accident, and the night for 33, 7%. The night and high death rate from multiple accident, and the reason is the eyesight of the driver and the lower than about 1/2. In addition the rain and fog will also make vision loss, glass and dirty water before not only reduced vision, still can make the distance distortion, which must be the attention of the driver. European car lighting research institutions in the once a special investigation, the results showed that the most wants to improve the European drivers of the wet weather is the lighting of the water came in second, a rural road lighting, the next is in turn corners lighting, highway lighting and urban lighting. The above of these problems, make developing a DuoZhong lighting function with the lighting system become necessary, and the function of switching, for security reasons, and must be automatically, thus, adaptive lighting system (ALS) will emerge as The Times require. At present, our country of all motor vehicle testing lines are equipped with headlamps inspection instrument, many experts and scholars are many important is also discussed in the paper. But, through the test of a station exploits the year two thousand Taiwan client survey analysis, vehicle headlamps a total qualified by only 45%, and these qualified vehicles and most of all foreign imports of the vehicle. Is Cause the situation are the main reasons: (1) the car factory products do not meet the national standards, and many of the car factory in just when examination is not qualified, headlamps But others just a factory qualified, but cant use how long and then aging, poor durability. (2) the most vehicles have the lack of units and the unit testing conditions and means, in the headlamps for maintenance, adjust the inaccurate even will not be adjusted. (3) because some leadership and drivers are subjective safety, think in car headlamp is not safety testing is very important, as long as the car brake performance that can assure safety, so for lack of maintenance and maintenance, headlamps on schedule maintenance and replacement cannot. (4) for most of the testing station cant test results in a timely and accurate to inform owners in testing station, in the practice of the factory also cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Make a complete year after year while still driving. This is CheJian departments and testing station should be improved and self perfection in. Automobile lamps when regular testing unqualified has the following three conditions: (1) the luminous intensity enough； (2) the bad light distribution, main beam axis skewed a quantity to exceed bid； (3) above two kinds of circumstances exist. The influence factors of its own problems have vehicles, such as: battery electric power system cant deficit or charging, test power system should be in charge state； Wire corrosion； Tire pressure is insufficient； Tire model about different； Adjustment screws to adjust the improper； Glass chimney on the dirt and headlamps quality problem. Also have a plenty of testing lines light inspection instrument installation accuracy and precision is unqualified, such as: light meter guide levelness enough； Lines of the ground does not level off； When parking lights and the level of the instrument headlamp distance is not accurate； The longitudinal axis and inspection instrument vehicle guide not vertical； Instrument range is not accurate. These are caused by the unqualified headlamp factors, among which light inspection instrument because every year by special inspection agency calibration and qualified rear can use, therefore, the vehicle itself problem is the main reason. Vehicles unit, drivers and keep the repair personnel should be paid much attention to. Automobile lamps adaptive system to, corner sensor, abundant between front axle, control unit altitude sensor (ECU), and stepper motor of headlights. The basic principle is: when the automobile longitudinal swing, ECU acquisition sensor signal, through the internal control strategy, control the stepping motor rotation, thus promote headlamps turned the corresponding point of view, the main design to car longitudinal swing automobile lamps automatic adjust the Angle made drivers can have greater vision, reduce the drivers blind area, and avoiding risk, improve the security and stability of the car, this is very important. With more and more bright lights at night at the same time, improve visibility, how to avoid strong light onto the driveway, and to cause to car drivers of smooth shadow produces visual residual, losing the ability to identify and road conditions should be a body in a dangerous situation, so can effective improve the scope of the automotive lighting and Angle, is improve the night driving safety important issue. In addition to the steering wheel steering Angle according to the head lamp or so direction adjustment, reduce the parameters of the night vision blind Angle, but also must pay attention to the fluctuation level, because body vulnerable to load average or not is the way, ups and downs changes, resulting in body produce Angle, joint influence round the point of view of the project lamp. Pledge lamp too high, easy to make projection Angle to car drivers have dazzle light problem, when cast Angle is too low, the line of sight of driving itself could be a deficiency, or less than myself or others will be exposed to danger, so level (elevation Angle) control is necessary to maintain the stability of the lighting Angle. The head lamp level control from the early passive manual adjustment, half active into the present automatic type, half is active in a car the adjustment, automatic type is braking can also do real-time adjustments. Level automatically adjust the system based on the foundation of the original setting Angle, through the height difference sensors detect body under circumstances, calculate the light cast Angle offset, upwards or to adjust HID DengZu, maintain proper illuminate Angle. Advanced level automatically adjust the Angle projection system, will also make adjustment screw with speed. A high speed will further, in beam to real time see the greater distance road conditions, slow speed, lighting Angle to correction, avoid exposure to the driveway. Intelligent lamp is the lamp of the technology another development the mainstream. Adaptive headlights integrated operation speed, steering Angle and the degree of body forward has happened to adjust the parameters as the direction of the light source, so according to strictly can only be regarded as passively accept driver needs to adjust the lighting Angle, and active steering head lamp still had some differences. Released in 2008 and is expected to active the head lamp system, to receive more information to determine the appropriate again after the head lamp brightness and Angle projection, to the so-called active safety state. In addition to the existing wheel shaft height difference sensors, steering sensors, the electronic control unit can order early to drive system, adjust the lighting Angle and light type. 参考译文： 汽车前照灯自适应发展综述 随着社会的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高，人们对汽车的要求已不仅仅局限于性能，成本，而是越来越多的要求现代汽车更加安全，更加环保，更加人性化。汽车生产商们也正在用更安全、更环保、设计更精美以及更省油料等优点来吸引用户。而同时，新车款型也必须符合最新的规定，这 就导致了新技术不断得到应用。作为汽车的三大安全件之一，汽车照明系统是最主要的主动式安全装置，对传统汽车照明系统的改进和创新也日益成为全世界汽车厂商研究的热点问题。 因此，如何使汽车照明智能化，驾车更安全，更舒适就成为一个十分紧迫而又有重大现实意义的课题。传统的汽车照明系统主要由前照灯系统，信号照明系统，车内照明系统三大部分组成。随着科技的进步，传统照明系统也经历了长足的发展，相应的交通法规也越来越健全，前照灯系统就经历了从最初的煤油灯到白炽灯，卤素灯到现在的气体放电灯的发展过程，信号照明系统从最初 的手提煤油灯发展到现在普遍应用的 LED 信号灯，车内照明系统更是种类越来越多，越来越人性化。但是实际的使用中，传统的前照灯系统存在着诸多问题。例如，现有近光灯在近距离上的照明效果很不好，特别是在交通状况比较复杂的市区，经常会有很多司机在晚上将近光灯、远光灯和前雾灯统统打开；车辆在转弯的时候也存在照明的暗区，严重影响了司机对弯道上障碍的判断；车辆在雨天行驶的时候，地面积水反射前灯的光线，产生反射眩光等等。据统计，夜间事故中约有50发生在没有照明设施的黑暗道路上，道路照明越差，事故发生的可能性就越大。夜间事故占 事故总数的 33 1 (虽然夜间出车率只占白天的 1 5)。死亡人数则为 50左右，对比致死率，白天事故为 12 4，而夜间为 33、 7。夜间事故多发和高的致死率，其原因就是驾驶员的视力与白天相比约降低 1 2。此外雨和雾也会使视力下降，前窗玻璃脏得和水滴不仅使视力降低，还会使距离感失真，必须引起驾驶员的注意。欧洲汽车照明研究机构曾经就此作过专项调查，结果显示，欧洲司机们最希望改善的是阴雨天气积水路面的照明，排在第二位的是乡村公路的照明，接下来依次是弯道照明、高速公路照明和市区照明。上述这些问题的存在，就使得研制 一种具有多种照明功能的照明系统成为必要，并且这些功能的切换，出于安全上的考虑，必须是自动实现的，由此，自适应照明系统(ALS)也就应运而生了。 目前，我国所有的机动车检测线都装有前照灯检验仪，许多专家学者对此也做过许多重要的论述。但是，通过对哈市检测一站的本年度二千台受检车辆进行调查分析，前照灯一检总的合格仅为 45，而这些合格的车辆当中大多数又都是外国进口的车辆。造成这种局面的主要原因有：汽车制造厂的产品不符合国标标准，有许多刚刚出厂的汽车在检验时前照灯就是不合格的；也有的是刚出厂时合格，但用不 了多久就老化，耐久性差。大多数车辆保有单位和调修单位缺乏检验条件和手段，在对前照灯进行保养时，调整不准确甚至不予调整。由于一些领导和驾驶员缺乏主观安全性，认为前照灯在汽车安全检测中并不是非常重要的，只要汽车的制动性能好就可保证行车安全，因而对前照灯缺乏维护和保养，不能按期检修和更换。对于大多数检测站不能把检测结果及时准确地通知车主，在检测站内设置的调修厂也不能从根本上解决问题。使得在用车辆年复一年仍然带病行驶。这是车检部门和检测站应该改进和自我完善之处。汽车前照灯定期检验时不合格